语法填空之名词.ppt

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1、1 1、名词的单、复数、名词的单、复数;2 2、可数与不可数名词的转换；、可数与不可数名词的转换；3 3、名词作定语；、名词作定语；4 4、名词的搭配、名词的搭配;5 5、动词变名词或形容词变名词、动词变名词或形容词变名词高考考点分析可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词复数的规则变化有以下情况：1一般情况，直接加-s：e.g.port-ports，technique-techniques，hen-hens,hat-hats 2以s,x,ch,sh结尾发s、t、d音的词，加es：e.g.busbuses,boxboxes,bushbushes,branchbranches,注：stomachs

2、tomachs（stomach词尾发/k/，故复数直接加-s）3辅音字母+y，变y为i，加-es：e.g.universityuniversities,city-cities,story-stories 元音字母+y，直接加-s：e.g.boyboys,day-days 特例：Henry（亨利）-Henrys,Mary-Marys,stand-by（备用的人或物）-stand-bys,penny（便士）-pennies/pence 4以o结尾 加-es：e.g.NegroNegroes,heroheroes,tomatotomatoes,potatopotatoes,volcano-volca

3、noes,mosquito（蚊子）-mosquitoes,echo（回音）-echoes 加-s：e.g.zoozoos,kangaroo-kangaroos,studio-studios,radioradios,pianopianos,photophotos,bamboo-bamboos,hippo（河马）-hippos,tobacco（烟叶）-tobaccos,kilo（千克）-kilos,auto（汽车）-autos 特例：motto（座右铭，箴言）-mottos/mottoes，zero-zeros/zeroes 5以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加-es：e.g.leafleave

4、s,wifewives,thief-thieves,half-halves 特例：beliefbeliefs,roofroofs,proofproofs,safesafes（保险柜），cliff（悬崖）-cliffs chiefchiefs，gulfgulfs（海湾）,serf（农奴）-serfs,staff（工作人员）-staffs,cafe（咖啡馆）-cafes,grief（悲痛的事）-griefs handkerchief（手帕）-handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,scarf（围巾）-scarfs/scarves，问题问题问题问题1 1：-How many doe

5、s a cow have?-Four.AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomachies 以以 s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词变复数时加等结尾的名词变复数时加 es；但如果以但如果以 ch 结尾的名词发音为结尾的名词发音为 k时，只加时，只加 s。另外，以辅音字母另外，以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，需将结尾的名词变复数时，需将 y 变成变成 i，再加，再加-es；以元音字母；以元音字母+y 结尾的则直接结尾的则直接加加-s。以辅音字母加。以辅音字母加 y 结尾的专有名词变复数时，结尾的专有名词变复数时，也直接加也直接加-s。问题问题问题问题3 3：When t

6、he farmer returned home he found three _ missing.Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies 当当sheep;deer;fish表示数量时，单复数同形；表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加如果表示不同种类，则需加 s 或或 es。单复数同形的名词有：单复数同形的名词有：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese,Swiss works,means,head 问题问题问题问题4 4：Some _ visited our school last Wednesday.AGermanBGermen

7、 CGermansDGermens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：1、单复数同形：、单复数同形：Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形：、需要变形：English-Englishman3、加、加 s 或或-es：German Germans详见下表。详见下表。问题问题问题问题6 6：Mr Smith has two _,both of whom are teachers in a school.Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law以连字符号连接的合成名

8、词一般将中心名词变成以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：复数，如：managers-in-chief;fathers-in-law。如。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 s。如：。如：grown-ups。二、抽象名词的具体化 表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用。例如：问题问题问题问题1 1 The _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.(01北京春季北京春季)A.bicycles shop B.bicycle shop C.bicycles

9、 shop D.bicycles shop名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。1)用复数作定语。用复数作定语。如：如：sports meeting 运动会运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系外语系 2)有些原有有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。保留。如：如：goods train(货车货车)arms produce武器生产武器生产 customs papers 海关文件海关文件 c

10、lothes brush衣刷衣刷 问题问题问题问题3 3：There are only twelve _ in the hospital.Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor man,woman,gentleman等作定语时，其单复等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。如：如：a man worker men workers a woman teacher women teachers a gentleman official gentlemen officials 四、名词的

11、固定搭配 主要考查名词的一些固定结构在具体语境中的选择和运用。做此类题目的时候,一要看懂句子的意思,二要牢记短语的含义以及在不同语境中的用法。常考的名词固定搭配：have/gain access to 可以获得take.into account 考虑gain/have an advantage over 胜过,优于pave the way for 为铺平道路make fun of 取笑,嘲弄take advantage of 利用,趁之机make the best of 充分利用,妥善处理put in order 整理,检修play a part/role in 在 起作用catch sigh

12、t of 发现,突然看见on condition that 在条件下考点五：词类转换考点五：词类转换.词类转换【考点】词类转换多以派生词变化为主。动词名词Instruct instruction(s)形容词名词widewidth1.1.由动词派生的名词由动词派生的名词 1.All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction（destroy)of nuclear weapons.一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。底销毁核武器

13、。2.Chinas successful explosion(explode)of its first atom bomb caused tremendous repercussion throughout the world.中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹，在全世界引起了巨大的反响。了巨大的反响。2.2.动词转变成名词动词转变成名词applyapplicant/applicationadmission advertise advertisementagreeagreement accomplishaccomplishmentachieveachieve

14、mentapologize apologyappearappearanceapplyapplicant/applicationapologize apologyappearappearance2.2.形容词转变成名词形容词转变成名词kind kindness fair fairnes different differencecuriositycuriousbenefitbeneficialfluencyfluent bravebravery impossible/possible（反）（反）impossibly/possibility（反）（反）语法填空句子专项练习语法填空句子专项练习:1Fa

15、ther went to his doctor for_(advise)about his heart trouble 2.There are ten_(woman)teachers and two hundred _ (girl)students in the school 3.Facing cut-throat _ (compete)in all subjects,students must devote as much of their time as possible.4.I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the

16、_ (exist)of the word“failure”.5.Youll want to know your body language is saying and how to interpret other _ (people).6.Not long ago he sent _(word)that he would return with his family.7.She was in London and spent her _(young)in China.8.The _(erupt)of Mount Kilauea,one of the most active volcanoes

17、in Hawaii,is always taking people by surprise.9.His _(curious)made him wonder about clouds.10.Except for some short songs and poems included in his plays,all of _(Shakespeare)greatest poems are sonnet.advicewomen,girlcompetitionexistence peoplewordyouth eruptioncuriosityShakespeares11.The number of

18、languages is getting smaller all the time because of the steady _(grow)of bigger languages.12.Tight jeans and trousers,short skirts and even sensible flat shoes may all cause _(ill).13.Reduce the amount of it if you suffered from restlessness or _(sleep)after taking the medicine.14.I saw many _(Japan)seated in the corner and reading something.15.You should take more _(exercise).Dont always sit at the desk busy doing your _(exercise).illnesses growthsleeplessness Japaneseexerciseexercises