英语语法-动词不定式.ppt

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1、 动词不定式的基本形式是动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形动词原形“，有时可以不带，有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。用法：用法：1.1.用作宾语用作宾语 (v.+to do)(v.+to do)I want I want to buyto buy a computer.a computer.She hopes She hopes to findto find a better job.a better

2、 job.I wish I wish to goto go with you.with you.need to doneed to do learn to do learn to do agree to do agree to do plan to do decide to doplan to do decide to do refuse to do refuse to dobegin to do start to dobegin to do start to do try to dotry to doforget to do remember to doforget to do rememb

3、er to do like to do like to doStop to doStop to dogo on to dogo on to doShe She asked asked meme to help to help her.her.The teacher The teacher told told himhim to come to come on time.on time.Edisons mother Edisons mother taught taught himhim to read and write to read and write.wantwant sb to do s

4、b to dowishwish sb to do sb to do getget sb to do sb to doorderorder sb to do sb to do findfind sb to be sb to be likelike sb to do sb to do would likewould like sb to do sb to dohelphelp sb to do sb to do常见动词有：常见动词有：一感：一感：feelfeel二听：二听：listen to,hearlisten to,hear三让三让:let,make,have:let,make,have四看四

5、看:see,look at,watch,notice:see,look at,watch,notice比较：比较：I saw her I saw her crossing crossing the street.the street.I saw her I saw her cross cross the street.the street.I went there I went there to seeto see my teacher.my teacher.She came back She came back to getto get her English book.her Englis

6、h book.The box was too heavy The box was too heavy to moveto move.(目的目的)(目的目的)（结果）（结果）4.4.用作主语用作主语1.To be an actress is my dream.2.To go abroad is his dream.3.To say is easy,to do is difficult.（这时可将其用形式主语（这时可将其用形式主语it来替换）来替换）It is my dream to be an actress.It is his dream to go abroad.It is easy to

7、say,it is difficult to do.Its+adj+of sb+to do sth.Eg:你能邀请我，你真是太善良了。Its very kind of you to invit me.若形容词是描述人的性格、品质的，如kind，good，nice，right，wrong，clever，careless，polite，foolish等，用of sb.Eg:你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。Its clever of you to work out the maths problem.Its+adj+for sb+to do sth.若形容词是描述事物的性质，用for sb.这类形容词有

8、difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，（im）possible等。Eg:对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.Eg:对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。Its difficult for us to finish the work.5.用作表语用作表语His work is to feed the animals.Her job is to look after the patients.My wish is to be a scientist.

9、6.用作定语用作定语Give me something to drink.They have much food to eat.（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。（这时不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）若是不及物动词，介词不能省略）He asked for a room to live in.I dont have a pen to write with.7.疑问词疑问词who,what,which,where,when,how加加to do可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、可构成不定式短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。Whe

10、n to start has not been decided.I dont know what to do.He can tell you where to get the book.The question is who(m)to ask.(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(宾语补足语宾语补足语)(表语表语)I dont know I dont know what to dowhat to do.I dont know I dont know how to do ithow to do it.I dont know I dont know what to do about itwhat to do

11、about it.1.1.It takes you ten minutes to get there.It takes you ten minutes to get there.2.2.I hope to see him soon.I hope to see him soon.3.3.His wish is to become an artist.His wish is to become an artist.4.4.People eat to live,but not live to eat.People eat to live,but not live to eat.5.5.I have

12、a lot to tell you.I have a lot to tell you.6.6.Its not right to be always thinking of oneself.Its not right to be always thinking of oneself.7.7.We often see him play football.We often see him play football.定语定语主语主语状语状语表语表语宾语宾语主语主语宾语补足语宾语补足语1 1跳舞非常有趣。跳舞非常有趣。2 2种些植物是非常有必要的。种些植物是非常有必要的。3 3说英语对我来说并不容易。

13、说英语对我来说并不容易。4 4听到你的声音真高兴。听到你的声音真高兴。To dance is a lot of fun.It is a lot of fun to dance.To grow plants is very important.To hear your voice is so nice.To speak English is not easy for me.It is so nice to hear your voice.1 1我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。我的工作是每天打扫这间屋子。2 2最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿。3 3 我的梦想就是成为一名科学

14、家。我的梦想就是成为一名科学家。My work is to clean the room every day.The best plan is to leave at once.My dream is to be a scientist.1 1他想借用我的录音机。他想借用我的录音机。2 2他们开始读和写。他们开始读和写。3 3李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。李琳喜欢玩什么？她喜欢踢足球。4 4你长大了想做什么？你长大了想做什么？He wants to borrow my radio.They began to read and write.What sports does Li Lin like

15、 to play?She likes to play soccer.What do you want to be when you grow up?1 1 我有许多书要看。我有许多书要看。2 2 她有几个问题要问。她有几个问题要问。3 3 他有一台电视要修。他有一台电视要修。4.4.我没什么可担心的。我没什么可担心的。I have many books to read.She has a few questions to ask.He has a TV set to repair.I have nothing to worry about.5 5他是一个值得信赖的人。他是一个值得信赖的人。6

16、6 爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。爱迪生是第一个发明电灯的人。7 7 他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。他那生病母亲最多可活三个月。He is a man to believe in.Edison was the first man to invent the lights.His sick mother has three months to live at most.They looked for him everywhere and found him _ under the tree.a.liesb.lyingc.layd.lain考点：考点：see/hear/find/watch sb.do

17、 sth.(看见某人做了某事）看见某人做了某事）See/hear/find/watch sb.doing sth.（看见某人正在做某事）（看见某人正在做某事）I saw him _ the supermarket just now.a.enteredb.enteringc.enterd.to enterThe girl who sold matches was found _ the next morning.a.dieb.dyingc.diedd.dead-Do you remember _ me somewhere in Hangzhou?-Yes.I think thats 2 year

18、s ago.a.seeb.seeing c.to seed.saw forget/remember to do sth.forget/remember doing sth.stop/go on to do sth stop/go on doing sthThe scientist stopped _ to me though he was busy.a.talkingb.to talkc.to have talk d.having talkThe more you think about it,the more questions you will think of _.a.askb.askedc.askingd.to ask考点：考点：to do 表示目的表示目的The doctor did what he could _ that child.a.saveb.to savec.savedd.savingI have no pen _.a.writing b.writing withc.to write withd.writing to do 作定语，作定语，如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作如是不及物动词构成不定式短语作定语，其后需接介词定语，其后需接介词