英语专业四级语法分析.ppt

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1、专四语法专四语法专专四四题题型、型、时间时间、分、分值值比例比例题型时间数量分数Part I Dictation15min115Part IIConversations20min3015PassagesNewsPart III Close15min2010Part Grammar&Vocabulary15min3015Part Reading Comprehension25min2020Part Composition35 min115Note10 min110语法题目特点、比重1.51-65题 2.用时7.5分钟 3.易-难 语法命题新趋势 难度大幅度降低，基本上不再有偏题、怪题。对语法辨认

2、（语法术语）的考查加强。近三年语法题目统计201020112012基本术语51.56.58.61.62.6352.53.55.56.58.60.62.64.6552.53.55.57.58.59.61.62.64.虚拟语气606154.状语从句54.55非谓语动词65反义疑问句5754名词性从句51.63情态动词5255.60Myuncleisquitewornoutfromyearsofhardwork.Heisnolongertheman_hewasfifteenyearsago.2011/51A.whichB.whomC.whoD.thatFacingtheboardofdirector

3、s,hedidntdeny_breakingtheagreement.2013/51A.himB.itC.hisD.itsMybossorderedthatthelegaldocuments_tohimbeforelunch2012/54AbesentBweresentCweretobesentDmustbesentWhichofthefollowingisacompoundword(复合词复合词)?2013/53.A.NonsmokerB.Deadline?C.MeannessD.MisfitWhichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemoo

4、d?2013/54A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5oclock?B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddontturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause(主语从句主语从句)?2011/60A.Wearequitecert

5、ainthat we will get there in time.B.Hehastofacethefactthat there will be no pay rise this year.C.Shesaidthat she had seen the man earlier that morning.D.Itissheerluckthat the miners are still alive after ten days.Whichofthefollowingreflexive pronouns(反身代词反身代词)isusedasanappositive(同位语同位语)?2012/53A，He

6、promisedhimself rapidprogressBThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMaryCIhavenothingtosayformyselfDTheyquarreledthemselvesredintheface语法的核心语法的核心1.语法意识2.语法分析3.语法技巧Evenanendwhichitwouldbenobletopursueifitwereattainedmaybepursuedunwiselyifitisinherentlyimpossibleofachievement.语法策略 1.扎实掌握基本语法术语2.熟悉专四语法基本考点3.做真

7、题、多思考、找规律语法学习要求1.真题（2004-2013）2.3.1.1 上外出版4.1.2 以2009-2013真题为主5.1.3 效果：会背、会解释2.单项练习 英语专业四级语法新思维30天速成胜经3.合理安排时间语法辨认一、词性1.术语2.功能Whichofthefollowingdeterminers(限定词限定词)canbeplacedbeforebothsingularcountnounsandpluralcountnouns?2012、52AmanyaBfewCthenextDsuchWhichofthefollowingreflexive pronouns(反身代词反身代词)

8、isusedasanappositive(同位语同位语)?2012/53A，Hepromisedhimself rapidprogressBThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMaryCIhavenothingtosayformyselfDTheyquarreledthemselvesredintheface二、成分1.术语：主、谓、宾、状、补、定、同位语等2.功能3.做题技巧：弄清术语分析结构比较选项Inthesentence“Itsnousewaiting for her”,theitalicizedphraseis2010/61A.theobjectB.anadv

9、erbialB.C.acomplementD.thesubjectWhichofthefollowingsentenceshasanobjectcomplement?2010/63A.ThedirectorsappointedJohnmanager.B.IgaveMaryaChristmaspresent.C.YouhavedonePeterafavour.D.SheisteachingchildrenEnglish.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisusedasanobject?2011/58A.What doyouthinkhashappenedtoh

10、er?B.Who doyouthinkthevisitingprofessoris?C.Howmuchdoyouthinkheearnseverymonth?D.How quicklywouldyousayhewouldcome?Whichofthefollowingprepositionalphrasescanfunctionasanadverbial?2012、62ADespite of the rain,everyoneenjoyedthetrip.BThemanwith a beardistalkingtothemanager.CEveryprecautionwastakenagain

11、st the failure of the planDAreyousureofSimons disappearance?Whichofthefollowingreflexive pronouns(反身代词反身代词)isusedasanappositive(同位语同位语)?2012/53A，Hepromisedhimself rapidprogressBThemanagerherselfwillinterviewMaryCIhavenothingtosayformyselfDTheyquarreledthemselvesredintheface2011；652012；57、58、59.64三、功

12、能三、功能1、语气功能、语气功能2、语法功能、语法功能WhichofthefollowingsentencesisaCOMMAND?2011、52A.Begyourpardon.B.Haveagoodtime.C.Neverdothatagain!D.Whatnoiseyouaremaking!ThesentencethatexpressesOFFERis2011.64A.Illgetsomedrinks.Whatllyouhave?B.Doessheneedtobookaticketnow?C.MayIknowyourname?D.Canyoureturnthebooknextweek?Wh

13、ichofthefollowingitalicizedphrasesindicatespurpose?2011、53A.Shesaiditfor fun,butotherstookherseriously.B.For all its effort,theteamdidntwinthematch.C.Lindahasworkedforthefirmfor twenty years.D.Hesetoutfor Beijingyesterday.Inphraseslikefreezingcold,burninghot,orsoakingwet,theINGparticipleisused2011、5

14、5A.asacommand.B.asacondition.C.forconcession.D.foremphasis.2010.512011.642012.55四、句子类型、语法关系Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsisasubjectclause(主语从句主语从句)?2011.60A.Wearequitecertainthat we will get there in time.B.Hehastofacethefactthat there will be no pay rise this year.C.Shesaidthat she had seen the

15、 man earlier that morning.D.Itissheerluckthat the miners are still alive after ten days.Whichofthefollowingcontainsanadverbialclauseofcause?2012.61AIgotajobassoonasIleftuniversityBAstherewasnoanswer,IwroteagainCYoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyouDWealthyasheis，Markisnotahappyman非谓语动词非谓语动词一、形式：动词不定式;现在分词

16、;过去分词;动名词 二、功能：一个句子当中，已经存在谓语动词,又没有连词 的情况下，需要非谓语动词来修饰句子的其他成分。三、三、命题特点:1.非谓语动词的否定式；2.动词不定式的各种形式及应用；3.-ing结构、-ed结构的语法功能；（P136）4.非谓语动词的固定结构或习惯用法等。四、解题思路：四、解题思路：一、首先抓住主谓结构 确定主句、没有连接词、只有一个主语二、分析主动被动 分析语态就是在确定主语之后，分析非谓语动 词和主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。三、分析动作先后 要考虑动作发生的时间先后，即时态。Ifnot_withtherespecthefeelsduetohim,Jack

17、getsveryill-temperedandgrumblesallthetime.04.55A.beingtreatedB.treatedC.betreatedD.havingbeentreated(04.76)Allflights_becauseofthesnowstorm,wehadtotakethetrain.A.havingcanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.werecanceledD.havingbeencanceled(05.61)Whatsthechanceof_ageneralelectionthisyear?A.therebeingB.theretobeB

18、.C.therebeD.theregoingtobe(02.56)AIDSissaid_thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsintheregion.A.beingB.tobeC.tohavebeenD.havingbeen独立主格独立主格 1.Agricultureisthecountryschiefsourceofwealth,wheat_byfarthebiggestcerealcrop.a.isb.beenc.bed.being2.Time_,thecelebrationwillbeheldasscheduled.

19、a.permitb.permittingc.permittedd.permits3.There_nothingmorefordiscussion,themeetingcametoanendhalfanhourearlier.a.tobeb.tohavebeenc.beingd.be 4._nocauseforalarm,theoldmanwentbacktohisbedroom.a.Therewasb.Sinceb.c.Beingd.Therebeing5.Thecountryschiefexportsarecoal,carsandcottongoods,cars_themostimporta

20、ntofthese.a.havebeenb.areb.c.beingd.arebeingas的用法的用法as可以作连词、介词及关系代词和副词。1.as作连词作“在期间，当的时候”引导时间状语从句 eg：As time went on/by,she became more and more beautiful.As children get older,they become more and more interested in everything.一、连词2.As=Since 作“既然”、“由于”解,引导原因状语从句,常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。eg:As hes bee

21、n ill for ages,I will help him.As/Since youre not feeling well,you may stay at home.As he wasnt ready,we went without him3、As=in the way that“像”、“按照的方式”,引导方式状语从句。eg:Do as I told you.Remember,you must do everything as I do.4、用于asas或not/so/asas中,前一个as是副词,后一个as是连词,引导比较状语从句。(book3,unit7)eg:They helped t

22、he old as much as possible.I dont speak English so/as well as she does.5、表示虽然,尽管 等,引导让步状语从句,常用倒装语序,模式为:adj./adv./n.+as+主主语+谓语+主句。主句。eg:Young as he is,he knows much.Tired as they were,they walked on.Girl as she was,she was very brave.1.表示好像。如:He dressed as a policeman.2.表示作为当作。eg：I found a job as a g

23、uide.3.当某人是某身份时。eg：As a child,she was sent to abroad.二、as作介词的用法.4.as引导的介词短语大多用作状语,as译为作为;少数情况可引起宾语补足语。eg:As a Party member,Ill take the lead in everything.(状语)She works as a model.(状语)She has me as one of her best friends.(宾语补足语)1.引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句,表示正如表示正如,这一点，位置灵活这一点，位置灵活.eg:He is very careful,as

24、 we all know.As is well-known,Taiwan belongs to China.As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。三、as作关系代词2.当先行词被the same,such等词修饰时,常用as来引导定语从句。eg:Such a clever girl as she can learn anything quickly.I was reading the same book as he bought yesterday.1.表示与等同。eg：This dress is twice as expensiv

25、e as that one.2.像，如等。eg：As before,he remained unmoved.Such animals as foxes and squirrels have bushy tails.四、作副词的用法such as与as such的区别as such的用法(1)表示“按照某词通用的词义”“根据某词严格的词义”。eg：Its not an agreement as such,but it will have virtually the same effect as one.就协议的词义而言，它算不上是协定，但实际上起到了协定的作用。I cant call my bo

26、ok a best seller as such but its very popular.我不敢说我的书是畅销书，但可以说很受欢迎。(2)表示“就本身而论”。eg：Money as such will seldom bring happiness.金钱本身很少带来幸福。Money,as such,does not bring happiness.金钱本身并不给人带来快乐。(3)表示“以某种身份(或资格)”“像所指的人(或事物)那样”。eg：She is a kind woman and is known as such.她是位好心肠的女人，这是大家知道的。He is the author o

27、f the article,but he does not desire to be known as such.他是文章的作者，但他不想让人知道他是作者。than的用法than可以作介词、连词一、than作介词：用于名词、代词前表比较二、than作连词WesternNebraskagenerallyreceiveslesssnowthan_EasternNebraska.(1996)A.inB.itreceivesinB.C.doesD.itdoesinTheindoorswimmingpoolseemstobeagreatmoreluxuriousthan_.(1998)A.isneces

28、saryB.beingnecessaryC.tobenecessaryD.D.itisnecessaryThereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofmountainclimbingthan_inthepublicmindtoday.(1999)A.existsB.existB.C.existingD.toexistTheexperimentrequiresmoremoneythan_.(2002)A.havebeenputinB.beingputinC.hasbeenputinD.tobeputinThelessthesurfaceoftheg

29、roundyieldstotheweightofafully-loadedtruck,_tothetruck.(2003)A.thegreaterstressisB.greateristhestressC.thestressisgreaterD.thegreaterthestress比较级的用法归纳（比较级的用法归纳（book3unit9）1.nomorethannotmorethanHehasnomorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上他身上仅有有5美元。美元。(强调少少)Hehasnotmorethanfivedollarsonhim.他身上他身上带的的钱不超不超过5美元。

30、美元。(强调数数额少于少于5美元美元)2、no more/better than not more/better thanHe is no more diligent than you.他不勤奋，你也不勤奋。(两人都不勤奋)(含有消极否定的意思)He is not more diligent than you.他没有像你那样勤奋。(两人都勤奋，但你更勤奋)(含有积极、肯定的意思，表示程度上的差异）3、nootherthan=nolessthan只有，正是。只有，正是。它常用来加它常用来加强语气，多用于气，多用于书面面语。TheLondonrestaurateurFuTongquotesnoother/lessthananauthoritythanConfucius.4、“与其说，不如说与其说，不如说”的表述的表述 morethanItsmoreapoemthanapicture.notsomuchasIwasntbotheredbyhisloudnesssomuchashislackoftalent.我不是被他的噪声打搅，而是因他缺乏天赋而生气。我不是被他的噪声打搅，而是因他缺乏天赋而生气。Thelearningisnotsomuchtheacquisitionofinformationasitisaninvestigation.