英语论文引用文献参考格式Citation.ppt

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1、Final Exam:Final SpeechGrading:Total 50 PointsGet the audiences attention5Introduction:Main Idea5Supporting Idea 110Supporting Idea 210Concluding Statement5Evidence for Your Ideas10Eye Contact/Posture/Etc.5Grammar10Sample Speech:The University Should Provide Air-Con in the Dorms1)Introduction:Bring

2、in the Audience.2)Main Point3)Supporting Point 1:With 2 facts.4)Supporting Point 2:With 2 facts5)Conclusion6)Bibliography SlideStarting and Ending SpeechesThe Function of the IntroductionReveal the topic of your speech and then.Get the attention of the audience by:1)Concern the audience2)Emphasize t

3、he Importance of Your Topic3)Surprise the Audience in Some Way4)Question the Audience5)Tell A Story6)Begin With a QuoteConcern the AudienceExample:Warning Students About Low GradesLook to the left of you,look to the right.One of you will not be here next semester.Example:CancerHow many of you are ov

4、er 35,smoke,or drink often?(Wait for the hands to go up)All of you are at risk.Emphasize the Importance of Your TopicExample:Importance of Road SafetyEveryday thousands of people die on Chinese roads.Tens of thousands more families go bankrupt from loosing income and health expenses.Surprise the Aud

5、ienceExample:After explaining the grading of a writing course.This course is one of the hardest writing courses in the university.The majority of my students failto use proper punctuation.I will help you to improveQuestion the AudienceExample Topic:Importance of AfricaHow many of you have drank coff

6、ee this morning?How many of you have worn a cotton shirt?Audience raises their handsAll of you have been involved with something invented in Africa.Tell A StoryTake something from your daily life and related it to your topic.Tell a funny story and relate it to your topic.(the hurricane helicopter jo

7、ke)Tell a story and explain why it doesnt relate to your topic.Begin With a QuoteExample:Introduction to a Writing Course“I know of no sword so sharp as the pen,no blood thicker than the ink of the written word.If knowledge is power,writing is war.”William ShakespereExample:Describing how things are

8、 not as they seem.“A cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night.”Moses(in Exodus)Conclusion:Revisiting the IntroductionReinstate the main points addressed in the introduction.Refer back to the introduction.If the introduction was a question,then answer your question,if it was a quote then address yo

9、ur quote,if it was a story,then rehash the story.Introduction(Slide 1)Get the Attention of the Audience:Anyone feel hot in here?I sure do.How many people here feel hot,raise your hand.Questioning the AudienceMain PointIf you are feeling hot like me,then perhaps you need what I need,air conditioning

10、in your dorm now!Here are some reasons why.Slide 1:IntroductionSupporting Point 1First of all,students who feel to hot cant get enough sleep.Fact 1 Students who cant get enough sleep tend not to do as well in class.Fact 2 Students who dont get enough sleep tend to be unhealthy and get sick easier an

11、d in a crowded dorm they can get anyone sick.Slide 2:Loosing SleepSupporting Point 2Second of all,students who get too hot are in danger of getting ill.Fact 1 Students who are too hot tend to get dehydrated which can lead to passing out.Fact 2 Students who are too hot tend to get fever related illne

12、sses easier.Slide 3:Getting IllConclusionMake sure to add both supporting points in your main point.ConclusionEnd with a point that is dramatic and inspiring.Example:If you manage to learn one new sentence in English,you pass on knowledge to thousands and increase the quality of life for an untold a

13、mount of people through your spreading of knowledge.ConclusionEnd with a quote that is dramatic and inspiring.Example:Why your one small gift to charity is important“The power of one,is the power of the whole world for the world is United by one spirit”Nelson MandelaConclusionSo therefore,the univer

14、sity should provide air conditioning to students because being to hot can make students loose sleep and make them become ill.Remember,a cool student is a happy,well rested,healthy student.Inspiring PointSlide 5:ConclusionBibliographies and CitationsBibliographyEach supporting point should have proof

15、.Proof should come from a book,an academic journal,a newspaper,or a respectable website.BibliographyA list of the works that are in the students essay,or publication.Works that can be in a bibliography can include books,academic articles,newspaper articles and websites(sometimes).Sample Book Bibliog

16、raphy CitationAuthor:Adam SavranBook Title:Tropical Zion:Historical Geography of the Jews in SurinamPlace of Publication:Baton Rouge,Louisiana,USAPublisher:Louisiana State University PressYear of Publication:1999Savran,A.(1999).Tropical Zion:Historical Geography of the Jews in Surinam.Baton Rouge:Lo

17、uisiana State University Press.Sample Academic Journal Article Bibliography CitationAuthor:Eric VanderhausenArticle Title:Jewish Life in Surinam.Academic Journal:Journal of Latin American Jewish Studies.Year of Publication:1985Volume:45Article:3Pages:100-120Vanderhausen,E.(1985).Jewish Life in Surin

18、am.Journal of Latin American Jewish Studies,45(3):100-120.Sample Newspaper Article Bibliography CitationAuthor:John SmithArticle Title:Jewish History in the Jungle.Academic Journal:Jerusalem Post.Date of Publication:January 7th,1994Pages:10-15Smith,J.(1994,January 7).Jewish History in the Jungle.Jer

19、usalem Post:10-15.Sample Website Bibliography CitationAuthor:Jose FernandesArticle Title:History of the Jewish Community in SurinamWebsite:Year of Publication:2009Fernandes,J.(2009).Historical Geography of the Jews in Surinam.Retrieved from Web Sample Bibliography Citation With Two AuthorsAuthor:Mar

20、c Angel,Fredrick BarringtonBook Title:History of SurinamPlace of Publication:Boston,Massachusetts,USAPublisher:McMillian PublishingYear of Publication:1998Angel,M.,&Barrington,F.(1998).Surinam.Boston:McMillian Publishing.Sample Bibliography Citation With Multiple AuthorsAuthor:Jeffrey De Witt,Hans L

21、opez,Drew MalloyBook Title:Surinam:Geography and LinguisticsPlace of Publication:Paramaribo,SurinamPublisher:Torarica PublishingYear of Publication:1995De Witt,J.,Lopes,H.,&Malloy,D(1998).Surinam:Geography and Linguistics.Paramaribo:Torarica Publishing.CitationsEvery idea in an essay must have a sou

22、rce.Each essay should be linked back to one of the sources in the bibliography.Examples of CitationsOne of the reasons for the Jewish departure from Surinam was the depletion of resources.Resources were being more and more used up as the population of the Joden Savanna grew larger.In particular wate

23、r and wood were in short supply(Savran,1999).Examples of CitationsAnother reason for the Jewish departure from Surinam were the lack of supplies needed to live a life according to Jewish law.Animals that were kosher were in short supply forcing the villagers at times to eat pork(Angel and Barrington

24、,1998).In addition,it was impossible to obtain the proper spices needed for the Jewish Sabbath(Smith,1994).Slide 6:BibliographyJohnson,F.(2005).How to Get a Quality Sleep.Franklin Publishers:New York,USA.Mackey,J.(2008,July 2).Illnesses from the Heat.Jackson Daily:3-5.Activity 1Students are giving a

25、 list of books and authors and must organize them into a bibliography(15 Minutes)and then bring their lists to the classroom computer for analysis(10 Minutes).Author:John TanatawaBook Title:The History of World War Two in ChinaPlace of Publication:Tokyo,JapanPublisher:University of Tokyo PressYear o

26、f Publication:1999Author:John HolmesArticle Title:Japanese Sabotage in China Academic Journal:Journal of Military History.Year of Publication:1972Volume:45 Article:2 Pages:110-130Author:Fred WilsonArticle Title:Bomb Blast Kills Scores in Mukden,China.Academic Journal:The New York Times.Date of Publi

27、cation:September 18th,1937Pages:4-5.Authors:Marcus Johnston,Fredrick HughesBook Title:History of JapanPlace of Publication:Boston,Massachusetts,USAPublisher:McMillian PublishingYear of Publication:1998Author:Anal Greenberg,Joe Hazen,Albert WestwoodBook Title:A History of Japan During World War TwoPlace of Publication:Boston,MassachusettsPublisher:McMillian PressYear of Publication:1995