英语构词法复合词.ppt

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1、definitioncompound:Inlinguistics,acompoundconsistsofmorethanonestem.Compoundingreferstothefacultyanddeviceoflanguagetoformnewwordsbycombiningorputtingtogether.Inotherwords,compound,compoundingoccurswhenapersonattachestwoormorewordstogethertomakethemoneword.classificationCompoundNounsCompoundadjectiv

2、esCompoundVerbsCompoundNounsAcompoundnounisanounthatismadewithtwoormorewords.Eachcompoundnounactsasasingleunitandcanbemodifiedbyadjectives.threeformsforcompoundnouns1.openorspaced-spacebetweenwords(tennisshoe)2.hyphenated-hyphenbetweenwords(six-minute)3.closedorsolid-nospaceorhyphenbetweenwords(bedr

3、oom）A.noun+noun：honeybee:honey+beehousework:house+workdinningroom:dinning+roomkingship:king+shipsnowman:snow+mansnowball:snow+ballsnowfall:snow+fallboyhood：boy+hoodhitchhiker:hitch+hikerskyjacker:sky+jackerfootball:foot+balldaydream:day+dreamshoelace:shoe+laceweekend:week+endclassroom:class+roomfire

4、-fly（萤火虫）:fire+flyboy/girlfriend:boy/girl+friendpoliceman:police+manB.adjective+nounfullmoon:full+moonclearway(超速道路)：clear+wayeasy-chair（安乐椅）:easy+chairredhead:red+headfreshwater:fresh+waterhardwood:hard+woodgrandfather:grand+fatherblackboard:black+boardsoftware:soft+ware(制品；器具；货物)freshman:fresh+man

5、shorthand(速记）:short+handdeadline:dead+linewasteland:waste+landC.Verb+noun:breakfastbreakwaterdrivewaychatroomjumpsuit(跳伞服）workexperienceswearwordplayboypickpocketDverb(-ing)+noun：washingmachinerunningwaterworkingclassrulingclasswritingdeskwritingpaperchewinggumreadinglampwaitinglistdivingboard跳板driv

6、inglicense驾驶执照landingcard登陆卡E.Noun+verb/（-ing）sunrisehaircutnightfallSnowfalltoothpicksurfridefruitpickinglorrydriving开运货汽车coalminingweightliftingbirdwatchinghandwritingbookkeepingF.adverb+nounonlookerbystander(旁观者）under-clothesafter-effectupgradeoverburdenunderworlddownfall(垮台，大雨，衰败）overcoatG.adver

7、b+verbOver(结束）throwinputoutputoutletupset(翻倒，混乱）upturnUpstartonflow(湍流）outbreakoutcomeVerb+preposition:check-out/intake-offget-togetherNoun+prepositionalphrasemother/father-in-lawPronunciationCompoundnounstendtohavemorestressonthefirstword.Stressisimportantincompoundnouns.agreenhouse=placewherewegro

8、wplants(compoundnoun)agreen house=housepaintedgreen(adjectiveandnoun)abluebird=typeofbird(compoundnoun)ablue bird=anybirdwithbluefeathers(adjectiveandnounPluralformsofcompoundnounsIngeneralwemakethepluralofacompoundnounbyadding-stothebaseword(themostsignificantword).Lookattheseexamples:singularplura

9、latennisshoethreetennisshoesoneassistantheadmasterfiveassistantheadmastersthesergeantmajor（军士长）somesergeantsmajoramother-in-lawTwomothers-in-lawanassistantsecretaryofstatethreeassistantsecretariesofstatemytoothbrushourtoothbrushesawoman-doctorfourwomen-doctorsadoctorofphilosophytwodoctorsofphilosoph

10、yapasserby,apasser-bytwopassersby,twopassers-byBecareful!deadpresidentbusybodymaddoctor=ThePsychiatristconfidencemandressingroomhorsesensecapitalideafamiliartalkwhitemanGreekgiftCompoundnounquizUsingcompoundnouns,canyoushortenthefollowingphrases?1.aroomforstoresastoreroom2.thehusbandofmydaughtermyso

11、n-in-law3.twoperiodsofthreemonthstwothree-monthperiodsCompoundadjectives1.Acompoundadjectiveisbasicallyanadjectivephrasemadeupoftwoormorewordsthatserveasasingleadjectivewhenusedtogether.2.Asageneralrule,thewordsinacompoundadjectivearehyphenatedwhentheycomebeforeanoun(awell-knownactor)butnotwhentheyc

12、omeafter(Theactoriswell known).3.Also,compoundadjectivesformedwithanadverbendingin-ly(suchasrapidly changing)areusuallynothyphenated.Examples:1.Pleaserequestafour-foottable.(Four-footisanadjectivedescribingthetable.Ahyphenisusedtolinkfourandfoottoshowthatitisoneadjective.)2.Itisa6-pagedocument.3.Cla

13、ireworkedasapart-timekeeperatthepark.4.Thatisanall-too-commonmistake.Thewarm-heartedmanboughtaready-madetoy(热心的人儿买个现成的玩具热心的人儿买个现成的玩具)；Thehard-workingmanproducedahand-madetoy(勤劳的人儿做个手工的玩具勤劳的人儿做个手工的玩具)；Thegood-lookingmanlovestoeatfat-freefood(相貌堂堂的人喜欢低脂食品相貌堂堂的人喜欢低脂食品)；Thepeace-lovingmanlovestobewell-b

14、ehaved(热爱和平的人喜爱彬彬有礼热爱和平的人喜爱彬彬有礼)；Theone-eyedmanwasbornababy-facedone(独眼的男子天生有张娃娃脸独眼的男子天生有张娃娃脸)；Thelow-costjourneymustbeaseven-dayone(低成本的旅游当数七日游低成本的旅游当数七日游).doggerel1.adj+noun+-edwarm-heartedkind-heartedbad-temperedsweet-temperedfresh-facedmiddle-agedwhite-hairedshort-sightedwarm-bloodedcold-blooded

15、light-heartedlight-headed头晕light-fingeredopen-mindedslow-footedcross-eyedgood-naturedsharp-eyediron-willedred-lipped2.adj/adverb+pastparticiple:far-fetched(牵强附会的）ready-madedeep-setnew-bornbadly-woundedhighly-developedwell-informed消息灵通的poorly-litwell-knownquickly-curedbetter-trainedpoorly-dressedwell

16、-cuthard-wonnewly-madewell-behavedwell-spreadnewlymarried3.adverb+verb(-ing):everlastinghard-workingslow-thinkingfast-thinkingfast-movingslow-moving4.noun+pastparticiple：man-madehome-madehand-madegrass-coveredwater-coveredsnow-coveredtravel-worn(旅行得疲乏的）air-filledpoverty-strickensun-burntheart-felt(衷

17、心的）self-taughtair-borne(忍受；负荷)hen-pecked(啄食；扔石头；吹毛求疵）good-lookingfast-developingordinary-lookingfree-standingfunny-lookingsoft-feelingtired-lookingfar-reachingeasy-goingfamiliar-soundingbad-smelling5.adj+verb(-ing):6.noun+adjsnow-whitecolor-blindday-longlife-longWaterproof(不能透入的)nation-wideduty-free

18、fire-resistant反抗的；顽固的world-famoustax-freecar-sicktight-lipped嘴紧的airtightice-coldworld-wide7.noun+verb(-ing):peace-lovingfreedom-lovingtime-savingself-generating.产生的；生成的summer-floweringkite-flyingocean-goingmouth-wateringEnglish-speakingfun-lovingearth-shakinglong-sufferingtime-consuming8.number+noun

19、+-ed:afour-storeyedbuildingathree-leggedtableafour-footedladderatree-linedavenueaone-eyedmantwo-sidedtwo-facedchicken-heartedhoney-mouthed9.noun+noun+-ed:10.adj+noun:full-timefast-foodlong-distancefull-lengthwhite/blue-collarred-letter(喜庆的）high-levelshorter-termlarge-scaledeep-seamid-termpart-timesp

20、ecial-gradehigh-minded11.number+noun:Afour-starhotelasix-poundchickenaseven-dayjourneyafour-hourmeetingasecond-handbookaone-roomhouseaone-childfamilyathree-goodstudentatwo-persontent12.verb+noun:break-necktelltate(搬弄是非的）cut-rate(减价的，次等的）13.adj+adjwet-coldicy-coldred-hotbitter-sweetlight/dark-bluedea

21、f-mutepaleyellow14.verb(-ing)+adj:steaming-hotsmoking-hot(滚烫的）biting-coldfreezing-coldsoaking-wetwringing-wet15.Adverb+adj:ever-victoriousover-cautiousall-round16.noun+noun:X-ray（X光的）光的）English-language（英国语言的）（英国语言的）17.prepositionalphraseat-riskin-your-face(明目张胆的）18.Sentencecompoundadjectivesdevil-m

22、ay-caredog-eat-dogrun-of-the-mill(平常的）dot-and-dash(莫斯科电码的）practice1.Thisisadresswhichwasmadebyhand.Thisisa_hand-made_dress.2.Itisawalkwhichtakesjust7minutes.Itisjusta_seven-minute_walk.3.Ilikethehousewhichwaspaintedbrown.Ilikethe_brown-painted_house.4.Canyouseethestarwhichisshiningbrightly?Canyousee

23、the_brightly-shining_star.5.Thisisacakewhichismadecarefully.Thisisa_carefully-made_cake.CompoundVerbsInlinguistics,acompoundverbisamulti-wordcompoundthatactsasasingleverb.Onecomponentofthecompoundisalight verb,whichcarriesanyinflections,indicatingtense,mood,oraspect,butprovidesonlyfineshadesofmeanin

24、g.Theother,primary“componentisaverbornounwhichcarriesmostofthesemanticsofthecompound,anddeterminesitsarguments.Dontunderestimateherpotential.Inthissentence,underestimateisacompoundverbwhichcontainstwomorphemes,underandestimate.1.noun+verb:sleepwalkwindsurfbrainwashcross-questionsidestep2.adjective+n

25、ounwhitewashdry-cleansafeguardblacklistfast-talk3.adverb+verb:downloadoverthrowovertakedownsizeupgradeupliftupbuildoverrateunderestimateoutgooutdoouteatoutrun(超过；跑得比快)off-load1.Conversion（转化法）2.Back-formation(逆生法）Usually:dancer&dancing(dance+-er&-ing）Conversiontonicknamenicknametospotlightspotlighttohoneymoonhoneymoontooutlineoutlinetomachine-gunmachine-gunBack-formationtomass-producemass-productiontoproof-read(校对）proofreadingtochain-smokechainsmokertospeed-readspeed-readingtosoft-landsoftlandingtosight-seesight-seeingtotape-recordtaperecorder