高中英语《定语从句》课件 新人教版.ppt

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1、The Attributive Clause 定语从句定语从句定语从句复习定语从句复习定定语语从从句句TheRestrictiveAttributiveClause限制性定语从句限制性定语从句TheNon-RestrictiveAttributiveClause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句定义：用来修饰或限制先行词的句子。定义：用来修饰或限制先行词的句子。关系词的判断办法首看先行词：即先行词是表人的还是表物（时间、地点等）再看从句成分：缺什么成分补什么成分（关系词的具体用法见下表）关系词的用法一览表关系词先行词在从句中的作用关系代词who人主（宾）表whom人（宾）that人/物主（宾）表

2、which物主（宾）表whose人/物定as人/物主宾表关系副词when物（时间）状where物（地点）状whythe reason 状限制性定语从句的构成限制性定语从句的构成The old lady who lives next to us sells books.You should do all that I said.I have found the teather whom I am looking for.I visited the factory where my father works.关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词先行词先行词 之后之后,用陈述式语序用陈述式语序“.的的”

3、关系词关系词1.从句位置及语序从句位置及语序:2.翻译方法翻译方法:3.构成构成先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系1.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2.TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.3.Theboywhoseparentsaredeadwasbroughtupbyhisgrandfather.4.TheschoolwhereIstudyisfarfrommyhome.the machine=thatthe boy=whothe boys=whosein the school=where关系代词实际上是先行词的复指关系代词实际

4、上是先行词的复指关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.先行词和关系词的关系先行词和关系词的关系Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质the machinea machineJoin the following s

5、entences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.关系代词的实质关系代词的实质a machine that/which关系代词的实质关系代词的实质Join the following sentences:TheladyisGreen.Wesawheryesterday.herThelady wesawyesterdayisGreenWho/that关系代词的用法练习关系代词的用法练习1.Theeggswerenotfresh.Iboughtthemyesterday.2.Thefriendwasnothun

6、gry.Hecametosupperlastnight.3.Heprefersthecheese.Itcomesfromhisparentsfarm.4.Thenoodlesweredelicious.Youcookedthem.5.Idontlikethepeople.Theysmokealot.Theeggs(that/which)Iboughtthemwerenotfresh.Thefriendwho/thathecametosupperlastnightwasnothungry.Heprefersthecheesethat/whichitcomesfromhisparentsfarm.

7、Thenoodles(which/that)youcookedthemweredelicious.Idontlikethepeoplethat/whotheysmokealot.关系副词和先行词的关系关系副词和先行词的关系IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.Idontlikethewaythatyouspeak.on the day=whenin the house=wherefor the reasons=wh

8、yin the way=that关系副词实际上是介词先行词关系副词实际上是介词先行词1.Illneverforgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.IwenttotheplaceIworkedtenyearsago.4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.when/inwhichwhichwhere/inwhichwhichwhy/forwhichtha

9、t/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词如何判断从句动词是否及物？让先行词作宾语，如果正确，就是及物的，否则就是不及物的。如句1：We worked the days.(错误）work为不及物动词。句2：we spent the days.（正确）spend为及物动词。难用的难用的 whoseThe teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.The teacher praised the student whose English is the best i

10、n our class.Join the following pair of sentences.whose=the students关系词关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格实际上是先行词的所有格在定语从句中，只有whose做定语。使用whose时要注意：Whose+名词，名词前不能用冠词，但可以用形容词。Whose+N难用的难用的 whoseThe+N+of whom/whichOf whom/which+the+N难用的难用的 whoseThe house is mine.The window of the house is broken.Join the following pair

11、 of sentences.The house whose window is broken is mine.whose=the houses windowThe house is mine.the window of which is brokenof which the window is broken非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句ThetownwhereIliveisbeautiful.Kenli,whereIlive,isbeautiful.Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwi

12、ththestudents.Please compare:形式形式作用作用能否省略能否省略 翻译翻译限制性定限制性定语从句语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句插入成分插入成分修饰限定修饰限定补充解释补充解释不能不能能能.的的Teacherswhoarekindarepopularwiththestudents.MrWang,whoiskind,ispopularwiththestudents.分析两种定语从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果The town where I live is beautiful.Kenli,where I live,is beautiful.分析两种定语

13、从句省略后的结果分析两种定语从句省略后的结果限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，限制性定语从句省略后主语所指就不明确，所以不能省略所以不能省略非限制性定语从句和单句的比较非限制性定语从句和单句的比较2.He failed in the exam._ made his parents angry.3.He failed in the exam,_made his parents angry.4.He has two sons.Both of _ are teachers.5.He has two sons,both of _ are teachers.Thiswhichwhomthem1.I

14、am reading Harry Porter,_is an interesting book.whichas 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句The earth is round._ is known to all.The earth is round,_ is known to all._ is known to all,the earth is round_ is known to all that the earth is round.Itwhich/as AsItas 具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you

15、 know/as you see/as we planned/as we expected定语从句在句首时只能用定语从句在句首时只能用as,as 引导的非限制性定语从句引导的非限制性定语从句(1)This is the same pen as I lost.This is the same pen that I lost.Please compare:这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。这本书就是我丢的那本。这本书就是我丢的那本。as 引导的限制性定语从句引导的限制性定语从句(2)This is such an interesting book _ we all like.

16、This is so interesting a book _ we all like.This is such an interesting book _we all like it.This is so interesting a book _we all like it.asthatPlease complete the following sentences and compare:asthat这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句定语从句)这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句结果状语从句)介词+whom/whi

17、ch介词的判断办法：如果看不出介词与动词、名词及形容词的搭配，那么，我们可以讲先行词放在从句中，将从句变成一个介词填空，就可以将问题简化。介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 1The man whom you spoke was a scientist.The city which she lives is far away.toin可以改为：可以改为：You spoke the man.She lives the city.注意介词+whom（表人）（表人）which（表物）（表物）介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 2Themanwho/whomyouspokewasascient

18、ist.Thecitythat/whichshelivesisfaraway.toinAre these two sentences right?介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 3The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.toin Are these two sentences right?可见可见,who、that 不能用与介词之后不能用与介词之后 介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 4Is this the watch that you are loo

19、king for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.在固定短语中介词不能提前在固定短语中介词不能提前下面两句中的介词能提前吗下面两句中的介词能提前吗?1.Doyoulikethebookshespent$10?2.Doyoulikethebookshepaid$10?3.Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?4.Doyoulikethebooksheoftentalks?5.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.介词介词+关系代词的情况关系代词的情况 练习练习onwhichf

20、orwhichfromwhichaboutwhichthroughwhich6.Thereisatalltreeoutside,standsourteacher.7.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_istheYellowRiver.8.Thetower_peoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.9.Theman_Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling.10.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most_hadntbeencleanedf

21、oratleastayear.underwhichofwhichfromwhichtowhomofwhich1.不：当先行词是不定代词时不：当先行词是不定代词时,如如:All,few,little,much,every,something,anything,everything,等等只能用只能用that 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况2.日：谐音日：谐音the 当先行词被当先行词被the only,the very,the same,little,few,no,any等修饰时等修饰时4.两：当人和物合做先行词时两：当人和物合做先行词时3.赘：谐音最高级赘：谐音最高级 婿：谐音序数词婿：谐音序

22、数词当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时 5.在疑问词在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中开头的句子中可以用口诀记忆：可以用口诀记忆：不不 日日 赘赘 两两 婿婿在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中只能用只能用which 做关系代词的情况做关系代词的情况在介词后面在介词后面1.Hedidall/everything_hecouldtohelpme.2.Thisisthe verything_Iamafter.3.Wetalkedaboutthe men and the things_werememberedatschool.4.Heisthe

23、 onlyman_candothework.5.Thisisthe firstthing_Iwanttosay.6.Heisthe finestman_Ihaveeverworkedwith.7.Whoistheman_spoketoyouatthegate.8.Whichisthestar_isnearesttotheearth.Exercisethat,whichorwho?thatthatthatthatthatthatthatthatthat,which,whose,whomorwho?9.Isthereanythingelse_ youwanttosay?10.Anyperson_ hasthemoneycanjointhegroup.11.Heoftenspeakstheroleheplayedintheplay,_ madeothersupset.12.Heopenedthedoor,infrontof_ sataboy.13.Themanto_Ispokeisafamousscientist.14.Theboy_ motherisdeadwasbroughtupbyhisfather.thatthatwhichwhich whomwhoseThanks for attendingThanks for attending！