2011年中考英语阅读理解解题技巧.ppt

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1、主讲人：主讲人：ZhangJun一、一、先读问题，弄清考查要点先读问题，弄清考查要点，以便能带着问，以便能带着问题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。题看文章，这样会心中有数，有的放矢。二、二、快速浏览全文，掌握全貌快速浏览全文，掌握全貌，注意发现与问，注意发现与问题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起题有关的信息，如果时间紧，至少要扫视一下起首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一首段和尾段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来想一想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答想，这样全文大意便清楚了。此时，不要忙于答题。题。三、三、细读原文，捕捉相关信息词细读原文，捕捉相关信息词，掌握短文细，掌握短

2、文细节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：节内容。这是解题的关键，应特别注意以下几点：1抓住四个抓住四个W和一个和一个H，就是边读边用铅就是边读边用铅笔做些标记，把笔做些标记，把What(事件事件)，When（时间），时间），Where（地点），地点），Why（原因），原因），How（经过）经过）划出来。抓住了四个划出来。抓住了四个“W”和一个和一个“H”，就抓住就抓住了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。了文章的全貌，一些直接性的问题便可解决。2抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、抓住连接词及起关键作用的副词、代词、介词、插入语等介词、插入语等。因为这些词具有因果，让步，。因为这些词

3、具有因果，让步，递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接递进，转折，指代，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨上下文的特殊功能。这对考生分清文章层次，辨明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进明各种关系，了解人物心理，推断作者意图，进行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重行逻辑推理等手段来分析难点，都具有举足轻重的作用。的作用。3注意领会文章的寓意注意领会文章的寓意。4根据题意，初选答案根据题意，初选答案。这一步须仔细审题，。这一步须仔细审题，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，领会测试要求，确定解题方法。对那些明显的，有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把

4、其余三个答案有把握的题可以断然确定，不必把其余三个答案再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅再作推敲而浪费时间：有些略难的题，应再查阅短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排短文（不是重读一遍），迅速找出依据，予以排除。除。常用的解题方法有如下几种常用的解题方法有如下几种：直接解题法直接解题法。即从原文中直接找出答案。即从原文中直接找出答案。归纳解题法归纳解题法。对于不能从原文中直接找出。对于不能从原文中直接找出答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概答案的可在把握全文中心和线索的前题下进行概括、归纳得出正确答案。括、归纳得出正确答案。综合推理法综合推理法。读者需统观全文，认真分析，。

5、读者需统观全文，认真分析，综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。综合推理及至计算，最后归纳出正确答案。题干中有题干中有suggest,conclude,conclusion,probably,reason,because,accordingto“等等字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，字眼时，属于推断概括型，考查内容着眼于全篇，考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能考生应具备一定的分析归纳，推理等逻辑思维能力。力。捕捉关键词捕捉关键词。在阅读时应该注意与问题相。在阅读时应该注意与问题相关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词关的同义词，近义词，反义词或同位词等信息词来得出正确答案

6、。来得出正确答案。转换解题法转换解题法。即原文这么说，而在问题和。即原文这么说，而在问题和所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍所给选项中则用另外的词去转换一种说法，但仍表示同一含义。表示同一含义。排除法排除法。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和。根据语言，句法结构，信息词和常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答常识，在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。案。四、四、重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案重读原文，仔细斟酌核对答案。在解完最。在解完最后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；后一道题后，如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联用全文的主题思想统率各思考题

7、，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。典型例题分析典型例题分析根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。根据内容，从短文后每题的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。MrBrownfirstwenttolookattheunderground-firewhenhewasseven.Throughthehole（洞）洞）intheearthyoucouldseetheorangefire,butyouhadtolookfastbecauseitwassohot,saidMrBr

8、own.In1898,hesawthefireoncemore（再一次）再一次）.Now,wecanonlyseethesmoke.ThefireMrBrownsawisnottheunderground-fire.Infact,thereare260coal（煤）煤）firesintheworld.Theyareharmful（有害）有害）anddangerous.Thenhowtoputthemout?Scientistshavetriedtoset（放置）放置）firetoundergroundcoaltospeedup（加速）加速）thefires.Inthisway,theburni

9、ng（燃烧）燃烧）ofundergroundcoalwouldbesoonfinished.（被烧完）。被烧完）。1.MrBrownfirstsawtheunderground-fire_.A.attheageofsevenB.sevenyearsoldC.intheyearof1898D.morethan（超超过）过）80yearsago2.MrBrownsaidthatwehadtotakeafastlookatthefirebecause_.A.itwasintheholeB.itwasveryhotC.itwasorangeD.itwasharmful3.Howmanycoalfire

10、sarethereintheworld?A.Theresonlyone.B.Itshardtosay.C.Thereare260.D.Thearticle（文章）文章）doesnttellus.A ABC4.Whatsoneofthebestwaystoputout（扑灭）扑灭）theundergroundfire?A.Tocover（覆盖）覆盖）theholeswithstones（石石块）块）.B.Tospeedupthefires.C.Toseethefiresburning.D.Todosomeexperiments（试验）试验）.5.Whatisthebesttitle（标题）标题）

11、forthearticle?A.WatchingtheUnderground-Fire.B.AWaytoPutOuttheCoalFires.C.TheBurningEarth.D.CoalandCoalFires.BB分析分析1.在文章的第一段的第一句里可以在文章的第一段的第一句里可以找到依据找到依据。attheageofseven等于等于whenhewasseven，故正确答故正确答案为案为A。2这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于这一题可以在第一段里直接找到答案，属于直接直接回答题回答题。正确答案为。正确答案为B。3这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案，属于这一题可以在第二段里直接找到答案

12、，属于直接直接回答题回答题。正确答案为。正确答案为C。4在文章的在文章的最后一段提到最后一段提到了扑灭火的最好方法，那了扑灭火的最好方法，那就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为就是使火加速燃烧。正确答案为B。5完成这道题需作一定的完成这道题需作一定的归纳归纳，因为文章中，因为文章中没有给没有给出直接的回答出直接的回答。文章从。文章从MrBrown两次看火，然后说出地两次看火，然后说出地下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段下火的危害，最后提出如何灭火的方法。文章的前两段是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章是给为什么要灭火和如何灭火铺垫，如何灭火才是文章的中心。故正确答案为的中心。

13、故正确答案为B。一、根据文章内容判断正误一、根据文章内容判断正误Fredtelephonedhiswife.“Ivegottwofreeticketsforthetheatretonight,”hetoldher.“Meetmeoutsidetheoffice.Wellhavesomethingtoeatandthengoontothetheatre.”Fredswifewasverypleased.Theyhadntbeentothetheatreforalongtime.Shemetherhusbandashetoldher.Theyhaddinnerandgottothetheatrej

14、ustintime.AttheentranceFredtookouthiswallettogetthetickets.“Itsverystrange,”hesaid.“Theyarenthere!”“Tryyourpockets,”saidhiswife.Buttheticketswerentthere,either.ThenFredlookedveryembarrassed(尴尬尴尬).“Whatsthematter?”askedhiswife.“Well,”Fredsaid,“IrememberwhatIdidwithmytickets.Iputtheminmybag.Butbecause

15、Iwasntgoinghome,Ileftitintheoffice!”()1.Oneday,Fredwasgiventheticketsforthetheatre.()2.Fredandhiswifewenttothetheatrequiteoften.()3.Fredwantedtomeethiswifeinarestaurant.()4.Theyreachedthetheatreneitherlatenorearly.()5.ThenFredcouldntfindhisticketsandrememberedwhathehaddonewiththetickets.1 1、T T 因为第一

16、段中提到因为第一段中提到Fred told his wife Fred told his wife “I Ive got two free ticketsve got two free tickets”“freefree”此处是免费的意思。此处是免费的意思。2 2、F F 第二段中提到第二段中提到“They hadnThey hadnt been to the theatert been to the theater for a long time.for a long time.”3 3、F F 第一段中第一段中FredFred说说“Meet me outside the office.Me

17、et me outside the office.”4 4、T T 第二段中第二段中“in timein time”是及时的意思。是及时的意思。5T 5T 结尾处提到的。结尾处提到的。DavidMcConnellsoldbooksfromdoortodoor.Housewives(家庭主妇家庭主妇)werenotinterestedinthebooks.Usuallybeforehehadenoughtimetosayanythingabouthisbooks,thewomenclosedtheirdoors.Buthedidntgiveup.McConnelldecidedtobringea

18、chofthemapresent,asmallbottleofperfume(香水香水)madebyhimself.Hesoonfoundthatthewomenlikedtheperfumebetterthanthebooks.Hestoppedsellingbookstosellperfumeinsteadandstartedhisowncompany“Avon”,whichisagreatsuccess.Whenyoudonothing,youlearnnothing.Butwhenyoutry,eventhoughyouarenotsuccessful,youwilllearnwhat

19、doesntworkandthatputsyouclosertowhatwillwork.Itdoesntmatterhowmanytimesyouarenotsuccessful.Itdoesmatterthatyouwillbesuccessfuloneday.Edisonwasnotonthewaytosuccessuntilpeopleboughthisfirstinvention.SuccessonceisenoughforEdison.Andthesameforyousuccessonceisenough.()1.McConnellwassuccessfulasabook-sell

20、er.()2.McConnellhopedthosewomenwouldbuyhisbooksifhebroughtthemeachapresent.()3.Ifyoudonothingatall,youwillneverbesuccessful.()4.Edisonwassuccessfulattheverybeginning.()5.Thewriterencouragedustotryasmuchaswecan.F T T F TF T T F T1 1、F F 从第一段从第一段“He stopped selling books to He stopped selling books to

21、 sell perfume stead.sell perfume stead.”，可以判断出他在推销书可以判断出他在推销书方面并不成功。方面并不成功。2 2、T T 第一段第三行提到第一段第三行提到“McConnell decided to McConnell decided to bring each of them a present,bring each of them a present,”。3 3、T T 这句是第二段前两句的解释。这句是第二段前两句的解释。4 4、F F 最后一段，第一句说明最后一段，第一句说明Edison Edison 的发明被人的发明被人们认可后才走上了成功之路

22、。们认可后才走上了成功之路。5 5、T T 第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。第二段中作者提出了自己的观点。Sociologists(Sociologists(社会学家社会学家),working in western),working in western countries,have found that countries,have found that a large number ofa large number of women women wished they had been born men.The number is said wished they had been born

23、 men.The number is said to be to be as high asas high as 60%in Germany.60%in Germany.“Women often wish they had the same chances as“Women often wish they had the same chances as men have,and think it is still mens world,”men have,and think it is still mens world,”said Dr James Helen,one of the socio

24、logists who said Dr James Helen,one of the sociologists who did the did the studystudy.Many men say that they have Many men say that they have moremore duties duties than than women.A man has to make money to support(women.A man has to make money to support(养活养活)his)his family and to make the import

25、ant decision,so family and to make the important decision,so it it is right for men to be paid moreis right for men to be paid more.Some are even.Some are even against their wives working at all.When wives go against their wives working at all.When wives go out to work,they say,the home and children

26、 out to work,they say,the home and children cannot becannot betaken good care of.If women take full-time taken good care of.If women take full-time jobs,they wonjobs,they wont t be able tobe able to do what they do what they are are best at doingbest at doing:making a nice home and bringing:making a

27、 nice home and bringing up the children.up the children.Some women disagree.They say they want to get Some women disagree.They say they want to get out of their homes and to have freedom(out of their homes and to have freedom(自由自由)to to choose choose betweenbetween work work andand home life.Women h

28、ave home life.Women have the right of equal pay and equal chances(the right of equal pay and equal chances(平等机平等机会会).).Anne Harper has a very good job.She also Anne Harper has a very good job.She also believes in believes in“WomenWomens Liberation(s Liberation(解放解放).).”“I I dondont wish I were a man

29、t wish I were a man,”she says,she says,“and I and I dondont think many women do.But I do wish t think many women do.But I do wish people would stop treating(people would stop treating(对待对待)us like us like secondsecondclass people.class people.At work,for example,we usually do the At work,for example

30、,we usually do the work that men do but get paid less.There work that men do but get paid less.There are still a lot of jobs only to menare still a lot of jobs only to menusually they are the best ones.If you are usually they are the best ones.If you are a man,you have a a man,you have a much better

31、much better chance of chance of living a wonderful life.How many women living a wonderful life.How many women scientists are therescientists are thereor engineers?or engineers?”()1.many men think_.()1.many men think_.A.women cant do what men can A.women cant do what men can B.men have to work much h

32、arder than B.men have to work much harder than womenwomen C.men can make money more easily than C.men can make money more easily than womenwomen D.womens duty is mainly to do D.womens duty is mainly to do housework at homehousework at home1 1、D D 这是一道概括主旨的题，答此题的依据是第这是一道概括主旨的题，答此题的依据是第三段内容。这段开头两句话说的是

33、重男，那么不言三段内容。这段开头两句话说的是重男，那么不言而喻，家务活和教育子女的任务应有妇女承担；另而喻，家务活和教育子女的任务应有妇女承担；另有一些男士则公开反对女士外出工作。可见，不少有一些男士则公开反对女士外出工作。可见，不少男士认为妇女的主要职责是在家料理家务。男士认为妇女的主要职责是在家料理家务。()2.Some women have different ideas,()2.Some women have different ideas,They say that_.They say that_.A.women need chances to go out of the A.wom

34、en need chances to go out of the home more oftenhome more oftenB.women want more freedom in deciding B.women want more freedom in deciding the kind of life they wantthe kind of life they wantC.if women are given equal pay,they C.if women are given equal pay,they can do everything instead of mencan d

35、o everything instead of menD.women are no longer interested in D.women are no longer interested in taking care of their homestaking care of their homes2 2、B B 一些妇女持不同观点，文中第四段反映了一些妇女持不同观点，文中第四段反映了他们的意见。这也正是文章的中心思想的写作意他们的意见。这也正是文章的中心思想的写作意图图-争取人权平等，妇女自由，男女平等。争取人权平等，妇女自由，男女平等。()3.Anne Harper()3.Anne Ha

36、rper didn didnt wish to be a t wish to be a man_.man_.A.because she believed in A.because she believed in“WomenWomens s LiberationLiberation”B.but she wished to get the same jobs as menB.but she wished to get the same jobs as menC.because she had got a good job C.because she had got a good job D.but

37、 she wished to treated the same as a manD.but she wished to treated the same as a man3 3、D D 安妮安妮.哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望哈珀不希望自己是男士，但她希望社会像对待男士一样对待她。该题是一考查细社会像对待男士一样对待她。该题是一考查细节的题，答案在最后一段。节的题，答案在最后一段。()4.Anne Harper thought that_.()4.Anne Harper thought that_.A.women should live a better life than men A.wom

38、en should live a better life than men B.women should be really liberatedB.women should be really liberatedC.women should be given better jobs than menC.women should be given better jobs than menD.women should live a more wonderful lifeD.women should live a more wonderful life4 4、B B 安妮安妮.哈珀的想法正是作者的意

39、图，如哈珀的想法正是作者的意图，如最后一段写到：最后一段写到：She also believes in She also believes in“WomenWomens Liberation.s Liberation.”然后她又列举了许然后她又列举了许多事实，其立意还是为了说明这一正确论点。多事实，其立意还是为了说明这一正确论点。()5.Which of the following is not true()5.Which of the following is not true according to the passage?according to the passage?A.There

40、 are more men scientists,engineers A.There are more men scientists,engineers than women ones.than women ones.B.Women are secondB.Women are secondclass people,so theyclass people,so they shouldnshouldnt live a better life.t live a better life.C.Women do the same jobs as men,but get paid C.Women do th

41、e same jobs as men,but get paid less than men.less than men.D.There are some best Jobs that women have D.There are some best Jobs that women have few chances to take.few chances to take.5 5、B B 选题选题B B的观点在文中没有出现。文中男士尽管摆的观点在文中没有出现。文中男士尽管摆出种种理由，但还没有人敢明目张胆地发表歧视妇女出种种理由，但还没有人敢明目张胆地发表歧视妇女的观点，即把妇女作为二等公民，认为

42、妇女不应生活的观点，即把妇女作为二等公民，认为妇女不应生活的更美好。的更美好。Have you ever held a toy balloon(Have you ever held a toy balloon(气球气球)?)?They are very light.But there are much They are very light.But there are much bigger balloons.These balloons can fly very bigger balloons.These balloons can fly very high up in the sky.Th

43、ey are high up in the sky.They are big enough tobig enough to carry people.They are called hotcarry people.They are called hot-air air balloons.balloons.To make a hot To make a hot-air balloon go up,air balloon go up,turn on turn on the burnerthe burner(燃烧器燃烧器).That will make the air).That will make

44、 the air inside the balloon hotter.Then the balloon inside the balloon hotter.Then the balloon will go up.will go up.To make the balloon go down,turn off the To make the balloon go down,turn off the burner.The air inside the balloon will get burner.The air inside the balloon will get cooler.Then the

45、 balloon will go down.cooler.Then the balloon will go down.Underneath(Underneath(在在下面下面)the balloon there is a the balloon there is a large basket.That is where the pilot(large basket.That is where the pilot(飞行员飞行员)and the passengers(and the passengers(乘客乘客)go.go.The burner is just above the basket.

46、You can The burner is just above the basket.You can stand in the basket and turn the burner on and stand in the basket and turn the burner on and off.The balloon will go where the wind blows it.off.The balloon will go where the wind blows it.Do you want the balloon to go somewhere special?Do you wan

47、t the balloon to go somewhere special?First First make suremake sure the wind is blowing the right the wind is blowing the right way!way!People have been flying in hot-air balloons People have been flying in hot-air balloons for over two hundred years.Before planes it was for over two hundred years.

48、Before planes it was the only way of flying.Today people fly in hot the only way of flying.Today people fly in hot air balloons air balloons for funfor fun.Some people like to race.Some people like to race hot-air balloons.The first Hot-Air Balloon World hot-air balloons.The first Hot-Air Balloon Wo

49、rld Championship(Championship(锦标赛锦标赛)was held in 1973.was held in 1973.()1.Ahot-airballoonis_.A.smallerthanatoyballoonB.biggerthanatoyballoonC.thesameasatoyballoonD.lighterthanatoyballoon1 1、B B 由由“But they are much bigger But they are much bigger balloons.balloons.”可知。这里的比较级是与前面可知。这里的比较级是与前面“a toy

50、a toy balloonballoon”相比较。相比较。()2.Where will you sit if you want to fly in()2.Where will you sit if you want to fly in the balloon?the balloon?A.Inside the basket.A.Inside the basket.B.On top of the balloonB.On top of the balloonC.Under the basketC.Under the basketD.Inside the balloonD.Inside the bal