情态动词用法详解.ppt

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1、情态动词用法详解 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，情态动词数量不多，但用途广泛，主要有下列：主要有下列：can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 位位 置置情情态态动动词词在在句句中中放放在在谓谓语语动动词词之之前前，谓谓语语动动词词前前若若有有助助动动词词，则则在在助助动动词

2、词之之前前，疑疑问问句句中中，情情态态动动词放在主语之前。词放在主语之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.Hemusthavebeenaway.WhatcanIdoforyou?你要什么？你要什么？Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 特特 点点情情态态动动词词无无人人称称和和数数的的变变化化，情情态态动动词词后后面面跟跟的的动动词词需需用用原原形形，否否定定式式构构成成是是在在情情态态动动词词后后面面加加“not”。个个别别情情态态动动词词有有现现在在式式和和过过去去式式两两种种形形式式，过过去去式式可可以以用用来来表表达达更更加加客客气气

3、、委委婉婉的的语语气气，时时态态性性不不强强，可可用用于于过过去去，现现在在或将来。或将来。Hecouldbeheresoon.他很快就来。他很快就来。Wecantcarrytheheavybox.ImsorryIcanthelpyou.情情 态态 动动 词词 的的 用用 法法1.can(could)表表示示说说话话人人“能能,可可以以,同同意意,准准许许”,以以及及客客观观条条件件许许可可,could为为can的过去式。的过去式。Canyoupassmethebooks?Couldyouhelpme,please?Whatcanyoudo?你能干点什么呢你能干点什么呢?Canyoubesur

4、e?你有把握吗你有把握吗?can和和could只能用于现在式和过去只能用于现在式和过去式两种时态，将来时态用式两种时态，将来时态用beableto来表来表示。示。beableto还表示过去具有还表示过去具有某种能某种能力并实施了。力并实施了。Hecouldhelpusatall.他完全可以帮助我们。他完全可以帮助我们。Withtheteachershelp,IshallbeabletospeakEnglishcorrectly.有老师的帮助有老师的帮助,我将能准确地讲英语。我将能准确地讲英语。2.may(might)“可可以以”，表表示示说说话话人同意，许可或请求对方许可。人同意，许可或请求对

5、方许可。Youmaytakethebookhome.MayIcomein?我可以进来吗我可以进来吗?MayIuseyourdictionary?Youmayputonmoreclothes.He said he might lend us somemoney.他说他可以借给我们一些钱。他说他可以借给我们一些钱。may否定式为否定式为maynot,缩写形式是缩写形式是maynt。might是是may的过去式，有两的过去式，有两种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚种用法，一种表示过去式，一种表示虚拟语气，使语气更加委婉、拟语气，使语气更加委婉、客气或对可客气或对可能性的怀疑。能性的怀疑。Hetold

6、mehemightbehereontime.MightIborrowsomemoneynow?Hemightbealive.他可能还活着。他可能还活着。3.must“必必须须；应应该该；一一定定；准准是是”，表表示示说说话话人人认认为为有有必必要要做做某某事事，命命令令、要要求求别别人人做做某某事事以以及及对对事事物物的的推推测测。must用用来来指指一一般般现现在在时时和和一一般般将将来来时时，过去式可用过去式可用haveto的过去式代替。的过去式代替。I must finish my work today.You mustnt work all the time.Must I return

7、 the book tomorrow?After such a long walk,you must be tired.走了这么长的路走了这么长的路,你一定累你一定累了了 He must be the man I am looking for.他一定是我要找的人。他一定是我要找的人。He had to go because of somebodys calling him that day.那天他要走，因为有人叫他。那天他要走，因为有人叫他。值得值得注意注意的是：的是：（1）must+have+过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。推测。He must have t

8、old my parents about it.He must have received my letter now.Its six oclock already,we must have been late again.（2）must和和haveto的区别的区别:must表示表示说话人的主观思想说话人的主观思想,haveto“不得不不得不,必必须须”,表示客观需要表示客观需要,客观条件只能如此。客观条件只能如此。Youmustdoitnow.你必需现在就干。你必需现在就干。(说话人认为必须现在干说话人认为必须现在干)Ihavetogonow.我得走了。我得走了。(客观条件必须现在走客观条件

9、必须现在走)Youmustbehereontimenexttime.Ihavetocookformychild.4.need情情态态动动词词，“需需要要”，多多用用在在否否定式或疑问句定式或疑问句中中.Need I attend the meeting tomorrow?You need not hand in the paper thisweek.这一周你不必交论文。这一周你不必交论文。need作作情情态态动动词词的的用用法法完完全全和和其其他他情情态态动动词词一一样样，但但need还还可可当当作作实实义义动动词词使使用用，这这时时need就就象象其其他他动动词词一一样样，有有第第三三人人称

10、称，单单复复数数，后后面面加加带带 to的动词的动词等特性。等特性。Ineedabiketogotoschool.Doyouneedadictionary?Sheneedsanecklace.注意：注意：“neednt+have+过去分过去分词词”表示过去做了没必要做的事表示过去做了没必要做的事情。情。Youneednthavetakenitseriously.这件事情你不必太认真。这件事情你不必太认真。5.dare作作情情态态动动词词,“敢敢”，多多用用在在否否定定或或疑疑问问句句中中。Dareyoucatchthelittlecat?Thelittlegirldarenotspeakinp

11、ublic.dare除除用用作作情情态态动动词词外外，更更多多的的是是当当实实义义动动词词使使用用，用用法法同同实实义义动动词词一一样样，要要考虑人称，单复数，时态等。考虑人称，单复数，时态等。Doyoudaretowalkinthedark?Hedoesntdaretotelltheteacherwhathappenedthatday.6.ought“应当；应该应当；应该”，后面跟，后面跟带有带有to的动词不定式。的动词不定式。Yououghttoreadthesebooksifyouwanttoknowhowtorepairthemotorcar.如果如果你想知道如何修理汽车你想知道如何修

12、理汽车,你应该读这些书。你应该读这些书。Yououghttobringthechildhere.你应该你应该把孩子带来。把孩子带来。ought+tohavedone句型句型,指过去指过去动作动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。表示一件事情该做而未做。Yououghttohavebeenhereyesterday.oughtnottohavedone句型句型,表示一表示一件不该做的事情却做了。件不该做的事情却做了。Yououghtnottohavetakenthebookoutofthereading-room.7.will(would)表表决决心心、愿愿望望。would为为will的过去式的过去式,

13、可用于各人称。可用于各人称。Ill do my best to catch up with them.Illneverdoitagain,thatsthelasttime.我再不会做那件事情了我再不会做那件事情了,这是最后一次。这是最后一次。Hesaidhewouldhelpme.他说他会帮助我他说他会帮助我。will,would用用于于第第二二人人称称疑疑问问句句表表示示说说话话人人向向对对方方提提出出请请求求或或询询问问,用用would比比will更婉转更婉转,客气。客气。8.shall,should表表示示命命令令,警警告告,允允诺诺,征求征求,劝告劝告,建议建议,惊奇。惊奇。Yoush

14、ouldhandintheexercisebook.Thisshouldbenoproblem.这应该没问题。这应该没问题。Shallwegonow?WhyshouldImeethim？为什么我要见他为什么我要见他?Itshot.Willyouopenthewindows?Willyouhelpmetoworkitout?Wouldyoulikesomecoffee？情态动词专练题情态动词专练题1.Putonmoreclothes.Youbefeelingcoldwithonlyashirton.A.can B.couldC.mustD.would2.MustIdrivetohishousea

15、ndpickupthechildren?No,_.A.youshouldntB.youmightnotC.youneedntD.youmustnt3.Youtoattendthemeeting,butyoudidnt.A.shouldcomeB.wouldhavecomeC.came D.shouldhavecome4.WedidntseeTomatthemeetingyesterday.Heit.A.mustnthaveattendedB.cannothaveattendedC.neednthaveattendedD.wouldhavenotattended5.Tomwentonfoot,b

16、uthebybus.A.mightgo B.maygoC.couldhavegoneD.oughthavegone6.Weplaychessthanbridge.Someofusdontknowhowtoplaybridge.A.hadbetterB.wouldbetterC.wouldratherD.hadrather7.Thereissomeoneknockingatthedoor.itbeTom?A.Can B.MustC.ShouldD.Ought8.Therewasalotoftime.He.A.mustnthavehurriedB.neednthavehurriedC.couldh

17、avehurriedD.oughttohavehurried9.WedidntstudyChemistrylastnight,butwe.A.hadstudiedB.could C.shouldD.couldhave10.Oneoughtforwhatonehasntdone.A.nottobepunishedB.tonotbepunishedC.tonotpunishedD.notbepunished11.MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?.A.No,youneedntB.Not,pleaseC.No,youmustntD.No,youwont12.CouldIcally

18、oubyyourfirstname?Yes,you.A.willB.couldC.mayD.might13.Twoyearsago,myhusbandboughtmeabicycle.Ifyouliveintown,itisoftenfasterthanacarandyouworryaboutparking.A.mustnot B.maynotC.shouldnotD.donthaveto14.Ididntseeherinthemeeting-roomthismorning.Sheatthemeeting.A.mustnthavespokenB.shouldnthavespokenC.need

19、nthavespokenD.couldnthavespoken15.Iwonderhowhethattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay16.Youtakeyourumbrella.Iamsureitwontrain.A.shouldntB.cantC.donthavetoD.mustnt17.Thedoghibernateinwinter.A.dontneedB.doesntneedtoC.needsnottoD.needsnot18.Lookwhatyouhavedone.Youhavebeencareful.

20、A.shouldB.canC.mustD.may19.Tomdidnotgotothepartyyesterday,orIhim.A.wouldseeB.couldmeetC.mighthaveseenD.mightsee20.Letsgotothecinema,shallwe?A.No,IcantB.Yes,IwillC.Yes,thankyouD.No,wedbetternot21.Ifyouhadbeenmorecareful,youhavemadesomanymistakes.A.wontB.wouldntC.maynot D.mustnt22.WheneverMotherwasnot

21、here,thechildrenmakealotofnoise.A.will B.wouldC.weretoD.weregoingto23.Whyisitsodark.Therebeaheavyraincoming.A.shallB.mayC.shouldD.will24.Tomislate.Whattohim?A.shouldhavehappenedB.musthavehappenedC.canhavehappenedD.wouldhavehappened25.Tom,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.A.wont,could B.mustnt,mayC

22、.shouldnt,mustD.cant,should26.“Canyouimaginehowaboutit?”“No,Icant.”A.couldtheyknowpossiblyB.couldtheypossiblyknowC.theycouldpossiblyknowD.possiblytheycouldknow27.Tomfullmarks,buthewastoocarelessaspellingmistake.A.couldgain,tomakeB.couldhavegained,tomakeC.couldhavegained,andmadeD.couldhavegained,asto

23、make28.Iwonderhowshethedrunkensailortheotherday.A.darefightingoffB.daredfightoffC.daretofightoffD.daredfightingoff29.themantherebeournewteacher?Hebe,butImnotsure.A.May,mustntB.Can,mayC.Must,cantD.Can,cant30.Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Whoitbe?ItbeTom.Heisstillintheschool.A.can,cantB.can,mustntC.might,couldD.might,mayGood-bye!