广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译.ppt

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1、广东外语外贸大学高级翻译学院高级英汉汉英口译 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望Active vs.Passiven They arrived at the summit on the fifth day.n The fifth day saw them at the summit.n(Halliday)n A behavioral pattern vs.A psychological patternnWhat people have done to

2、the world vs.What the world reflects of peoples behaviourActive vs.Passiven 一进房间他就闻到了一股浓烈的花香。n 一进房间一股浓烈的花香扑鼻而来。nPsychological process of apperception vs.The role of the real world on apperceptionActive Voice vs.Passive Voicen Voice enables us to look at actions in a sentence from two perspectives,wi

3、thout any change to the fact.n(Quirk)eg.The butler murdered the master.The master was murdered by the butler.Active Voice vs.Passive Voicen Passive the opposite of Activen(J.Vendryes)Active voice emphasizes the action itself.Passive voice emphasizes the condition after the action is taken.Active Voi

4、ce vs.Passive Voiceneg.My brother broke the teapot.n(active,dynamic)n The teapot was broken by my brother.n(passive,condition of the teapot)n The teapot was broken.n(passive,condition)n The teapot is broken.n(passive,stative)English vs.ChinesenEnglish:1)more variations of verb formsn 2)clear divisio

5、n between man and n naturen 3)distinction between being subjective n and objectiven 4)no strong need to emphasize doernChinese:1)few variations of verb formsn 2)unity of man and naturen 3)no clear distinction between being n subjective and objectiven 4)always emphasizes doerExamples Analysis:n 1.我生于

6、北京，在广州参加工作。n I was born in Beijing,and joined the workforce in Guangzhou.n I was born in Beijing,and got employed in Guangzhou.n 2.老虎被 他们打死了。n 老虎被打死了。n 老虎打死了。Passive Voice:A Closer Lookn1.Syntactic Passive:n passive voice in the form and structure as being passiven 2.Notional Passiven passive voice

7、not in the form and structure as being passive,but offering a passive notionn(Jesperson)Syntactic Passiven1.施动者方面的原因n 1）说不清施动者n eg.Tom was killed in World War 2.n 2）不必说出施动者n eg.China fought against Russia in the womens volleyball match and Russia was beaten.n 3）不愿意说出施动者n eg.Some rude comments on the

8、 plan were made at the board meeting.Syntactic Passiven2.受动者方面的原因n 1）心理上的原因n eg.Madame Currie will long be remembered as the discoverer of radium.n 2）信息结构上的原因n eg.Unfortunately,this message was not put across by the speaker.Syntactic Passiven3.修辞的需要n subject,cohesion,etc.n4.文体的需要n science,journalism

9、,business,etc.Notional Passiven1.由及物动词或系动词构成的谓语表示事物特征。n eg.The new book reads well.n The dish smells wonderful.n The rice is cooking.n The suggestion needs further n consideration.n2.由系动词+介宾短语构成系表结构表示事物状态。n eg.The railway is under construction.Translating Active Voice into Passive Voice(C E)n1.无主句 n

10、 10%-40%Chinese sentences are without a subject.n eg.装配和调试的时候应该把所有零件清洗干净。n When being assembled and adjusted,all parts should be cleaned.Translating Active Voice into Passive Voice(C E)n2.泛指人称句n Sometimes Chinese sentences take a generic person as the subject.n eg.众所周知，改革开放二十年来经济发展取得了显著的成绩。n It is w

11、ell known that marked success has been attained in economic development since China implemented the policy of reform and opening-up some 25 years ago.Translating Active Voice into Passive Voice(C E)n3.话题评说句n eg.这个问题我们正在研究。n This problem is being considered(by us).n eg.这些工作中遇到的困难应当给予高度重视。n Great atte

12、ntion should be given to the difficulties in the work.n eg.长江上已经建起了上百座大桥。n Over 100 bridges have been built across the Yangtze River.Translating Active Voice into Passive Voice(C E)n4.“由”字句n eg.这个任务由小刘完成。n This task will be completed by Xiao Liu.n eg.所有被邀请出席会议的国家都由政府首脑代表。n All the countries that are

13、 invited to attend the meeting will be represented by the heads of their governments.Translating Active Voice into Passive Voice(C E)n5.“把”字句n eg.你把她吓得哭了起来。n She was scared to tears(by you).n eg.把我冷得直哆嗦。n I was made shivering by the cold air.Examples Analysisn我们两国人民贸易的交往可以追溯追溯到很久以前。nTrade contacts b

14、etween our two peoples can be traced back to long time ago.Examples Analysisn团结统一，深深地印在印在中国人的民族意识中。nSolidarity and unity have been inscribed in the hearts of the Chinese people as part of their national identity.Examples Analysisn在美国的对华政策上，现在显然经济利益放在放在比较重要的位置上。nIn terms of the China policy of the US

15、,obviously economic interest is now placed on a more important position.Examples Analysisn品牌名称是能看得见看得见、能说出来说出来、能写写出来出来的，而品牌标识是只能看得见看得见而不能说出来说出来的。nA brand name can be seen,spoken out and written out,whereas a brand logo can only be seen instead of being spoken out.Examples Analysisn秦朝的时候，修建修建了交通要道，统一

16、统一了文字和货币，并且把长城连接连接了起来。nDuring the Qin Dynasty,a road system was developed,writing and coinage were standardized and the Great Walls were joined into one.Examples Analysisn对发展中国家提供提供经济援助，应当严格遵守受援国的主权，不附带任何政治、经济条件。nEconomic assistance to the developing countries should be granted in strict observance

17、of the sovereignty of the recipient countries with no political or economic conditions attached.Examples Analysisn这两份文件都是花了大工夫花了大工夫的，我看都是比较成熟的。nMuch effort has been put into the drafting and in my opinion,both documents are well thought out.nBoth documents have been drafted with great efforts and se

18、em quite well-done.Translating Passive Voice into Active Voice(E C)n1.被动句正译（谓词）n2.还原主语或调整句式n3.动词译为名词n4.谓词后由by引导的短语转化成由“因为”、“由于”等引导的短语或从句Examples Analysis(It)nIt is hoped that 希望nIt is reported that 据报道nIt is said that 据说nIt is supposed that 据推测nIt must be admitted that 必须承认nIt must be pointed out th

19、at 必须指出nIt will be seen from this that 由此可见Examples Analysis(It)nIt is asserted that 有人主张nIt is believed that 有人认为/相信nIt is generally considered that 大家认为nIt is well known that 大家知道 （众所周知）It will be said that 有人会说 It was told that 有人曾经说Examples AnalysisnImplementation of international human rights s

20、tandards must be pursued with great efforts.n贯彻人权标准的工作必须大力进行进行。Examples AnalysisnIn the past two centuries,China was repeatedly invaded by foreign powers.n在过去的两百年中，中国曾不断遭受遭受外国列强侵略侵略。Examples AnalysisnThe novel of Mr.Ba Jin has been translated into and published in many languages.n巴金先生的小说已经翻译翻译成多种文字出

21、出版版。Examples AnalysisnThe opening of China in foreign trade,investment and technology will transform her economy very soon.These forecasts have been received with mixed feelings by Southeast Asian countries.n中国在对外贸易、引进外资和技术方面实行的开放政策，不久就会使它的经济改观。面对这一预测，东南亚国家的心情是复杂的东南亚国家的心情是复杂的。Examples AnalysisnI bel

22、ieve that our differences are greatly overshadowed by issues which bind us and strengthen our relationship.n我认为，同那些把我们联结在一起并使我们之间关系更加紧密的问题相比，我我们之间的分歧也就算不了什么了们之间的分歧也就算不了什么了。Examples AnalysisnIf religious leadership assumes a stronger and constructive role,then positive steps could be made in overcomi

23、ng the tensions among groups of different faiths.n如果宗教领导人能够发挥更强有力的建设性作用，那么，（我们）应该采取应该采取积极的步骤来克服不同信仰团体之间的紧张关系。Examples AnalysisnThe problems of refugees should be dealt with in an integrated manner.n难民问题的处理处理应采用综合的方法。Examples AnalysisnThe relationship between the two countries was characterized by mu

24、tual understanding.n这两国关系的特点特点是相互谅解。Examples AnalysisnNatural disasters can be defined as great and sudden misfortunes or terrible accidents that can do great harm to human beings.n自然灾害的定义定义是，能够给人类带来巨大伤害的大规模突发灾祸或可怕的事故。Examples AnalysisnIt is a long way from Beijing to London.The distance has sometim

25、es seemed to be compounded by historical,philosophical and political gaps in our outlooks.n北京和伦敦相距遥远。这个距离有时似乎更加扩大了，因为因为历史上、哲学上和政治上，我们的观点差异甚大。Examples AnalysisnThe processes of economic regionalization and integration have been reinforced by the recent agreement on the establishment of a free trade z

26、one.n经济区域化及一体化的趋势有所加强，因为因为最近达成了建立自由贸易区的协定。Examples AnalysisnSuch a viewpoint,particularly prominent in the developing countries,is reinforced by the widely-held belief that it is not the peaceful application of nuclear that is endangering the survival of mankind.n这种观点在发展中国家中尤为突出，这种观点的加强是因为因为存在着一种普遍持有的看法，即和平利用核能并没有危及人类的生存。Examples AnalysisnLiberalization of trade and investment has been influenced by the expansion and intensification of regional integration efforts.n由于由于区域一体化努力的普遍加强，贸易和投资的自由化已受到了影响。