上海高考英语语法复习2时态和语态备课讲稿.ppt

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1、上海高考英语语法复习2时态和语态动词主动态形式：(以write为例)过过去去现现在在将来将来过过去将来去将来一般一般进进行行完成完成完成完成进进行行动词主动态形式：(以write为例)过过去去现现在在将来将来过过去将来去将来一般一般wrotewrite/writeswill writewould write进进行行was/were writingam/is/are writingwill be writingwould be writing完成完成had writtenhave/has writtenwill have writtenwould have written完成完成进进行行had

2、been writinghave/has been writingwill have been writingwould have been writing一般过去时：一般过去时：We didnt have any land at that time.过去某一特定时间所发生的事过去某一特定时间所发生的事Lu Xun was a great writer.已故之人的行为已故之人的行为It was a pity that you didnt go to the lecture.从从实际语境实际语境中可以判断是过去发生的中可以判断是过去发生的常用时间状语：常用时间状语：yesterday(morni

3、ng),last(night),(a week)ago,that(day),the day before yesterday,the year before last,in the past,the other day,just now,this morning 过去进行时过去进行时What were you doing from six to eight yesterday evening?表示表示过去的某个时间点或时间段内过去的某个时间点或时间段内正在发生正在发生的动作的动作We were cleaning the house when they arrived.从上下文的从上下文的语境语

4、境进行判断进行判断 将来进行时将来进行时This time next week we will be working in that factory.表示表示将来的某个时间点或时间段将来的某个时间点或时间段正在发生的正在发生的动作。动作。一般现在时Lights travels faster than sounds.客观真理客观真理He loves sports.事实描述事实描述They walk to work every day.经常性的动作经常性的动作Tell her the good news when she comes.祈使句；主将从现的从句祈使句；主将从现的从句常用时间状语常用时间

5、状语：every(day),usually,often,sometimes,seldom,once a day现在进行时：Look!A woman with two children is coming up to us.He is playing football now.表示现在正在做的动作。表示现在正在做的动作。常用时间状语常用时间状语：now,at the moment,at present,always,all the time常见标志词常见标志词：look,listen注意！The girl is always asking the same question.进行时和进行时和al

6、ways,all the time连用，表示连用，表示说说话人抱怨或赞叹的情绪，带感情色彩。话人抱怨或赞叹的情绪，带感情色彩。She is leaving for Nanjing tomorrow morning.表示表示来往动作的动词来往动作的动词可用可用进行时进行时表示将要表示将要发生的动作。发生的动作。eg:come,go,arrive,leave,start,fly注意！表示表示“感官，心理活动，状态，从属感官，心理活动，状态，从属”的动词的动词不用不用进行时进行时。感官：感官：sound,smell,taste,feel,look,see,hear,notice,appear,see

7、m心理活动：心理活动：hate,love,fear,like,want,wish,prefer,refuse,forgive,understand,know,realize,believe,think,doubt,forget,remember状态：状态：be,exist,remain,stay,obtain,gain,get从属：从属：have,possess,own,contain,belong to,consist of一般将来时：I will/shall arrive tomorrow.将来某个时间点要做的事将来某个时间点要做的事 I will let you know when I

8、finish.主将从现的主句主将从现的主句 Hurry up,or you will be late.祈使句后面跟的并列句祈使句后面跟的并列句 常用时间状语：常用时间状语：tomorrow(morning),next(year),in(a week),the day after tomorrow,in the future,in a minute,before long,at once,soon,right away,right now,right off,presently注意!will do/shall do 将要发生的动作或状态。be going to do 打算；自然现象表明。be t

9、o do 按计划必须要做的事。be about to do 刚要做某件事。现在完成时：The city has taken on a new look.How many pages have you covered?到现在为止已发生的动作。到现在为止已发生的动作。常用时间状语：常用时间状语：already,yet,never,ever,since,for(some time),recently,lately,so far,by now,up till now,to this day,in the past 10 years,for the last few days,before注意!瞬间动词

10、不能和for(some time)连用：become-die-leave-return-marry-get up-borrow-join the army-bebe deadbe awaybe backbe marriedbe upkeepserve in the army现在完成进行时I have been writing letters all the morning.表示过去某一时刻开始的动作且状态表示过去某一时刻开始的动作且状态一直一直延续到现在延续到现在。常用时间状语常用时间状语：all the morning,all day long,all night long,all the

11、year round.过去完成时：When we got to the station,the train had left.The task was much harder than we had expected.以以过去某个时间点过去某个时间点作参照，在这之前已发作参照，在这之前已发生的动作。（过去的过去）生的动作。（过去的过去）过去将来时：She felt sorry and said she would make an apology to you.Without your help,I wouldnt succeed now.以以过去某个时间点过去某个时间点作参照，将来要做的动作参

12、照，将来要做的动作。常用于作。常用于间接引语间接引语和和虚拟句虚拟句中。中。有固定时态用法的几种情况：by the end of/by the time 后跟后跟过去过去时间，主句时间，主句过去完成过去完成时时。by the end of/by the time 后跟后跟将来将来时间或时间或一般现在时一般现在时，主句主句将来完成时将来完成时。Hardly/Scarcelywhen,No soonerthan 主句主句过去过去完成时完成时，从句从句一般过去时一般过去时。hope,expect,intend,mean,want,plan 用过去完成时表用过去完成时表示示没有实现的愿望，打算或意图没

13、有实现的愿望，打算或意图。例：例：I had hoped that I could pass the driving test,but I failed again.It is the first/second/third time that+现在完成时现在完成时It was the first/second/third time that+过去完成时过去完成时It is(high)time that+did/should dowould rather(that)sb+did/had done 过去时表示过去时表示现在或将来的愿望现在或将来的愿望；过去完成时表示；过去完成时表示过去的愿过去的愿

14、望望have/has donesincedid主句主句现在完成时现在完成时,从句从句过去时过去时It is/has been+一段时间一段时间sincedid从句从句过去时过去时It will be+一段时间一段时间beforedo/does从句从句现在现在时时It was+一段时间一段时间beforedid从句从句过去时过去时有固定时态用法的几种情况：容易混淆时态的区别：现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时与一般过去时The restaurant has been closed down.The restaurant was closed down yesterday.现在完成时现在完成时强调过

15、去发生的动作强调过去发生的动作对现在的对现在的影响影响，一般过去时，一般过去时发生的动作发生的动作与现在没有与现在没有联系联系。现在完成进行时与现在完成时 They have been repairing cars.他们一直在他们一直在修汽车。修汽车。They have repaired several cars.他们已修他们已修了几辆汽车。了几辆汽车。现在完成进行时现在完成进行时强调动作的强调动作的不间断性不间断性，当，当与与for+some time连用时可以与现在完成时连用时可以与现在完成时互换使用。互换使用。过过去去现现在在将来将来过过去将来去将来一般一般进进行行完成完成动词被动态形式

16、过过去去现现在在将来将来过过去将来去将来一般一般was/were doneam/is/are done will be donewould be done进进行行完成完成动词被动态形式过过去去现现在在将来将来过过去将来去将来一般一般was/were doneam/is/are done will be donewould be done进进行行was/were being doneam/is/are being done/完成完成动词被动态形式过过去去现现在在将来将来过过去将来去将来一般一般was/were doneam/is/are done will be donewould be don

17、e进进行行was/were being doneam/is/are being done/完成完成had been donehave/has been donewill have been donewould have been done动词被动态形式1.(人们人们)普遍认为普遍认为2.据说据说 3.据报道据报道4.众所周知众所周知5.必须指出必须指出It is generally believed that,It is generally considered that,It is universally acknowledged thatIt is said thatIt is repor

18、ted thatIt is well known thatIt must be pointed out that汉语句子汉语句子没有明确主语没有明确主语时，在英语中一般用时，在英语中一般用被动结构表示被动结构表示 不同形式的被动语态的转换1.含有直宾和间宾的句子含有直宾和间宾的句子He showed me his pictures.I was shown his pictures by him.His pictures were shown to me by him.Aunt made me a new dress.I was made a new dress by aunt.A new dr

19、ess was made for me by aunt.2.含有复合宾语的句子含有复合宾语的句子They call her Mary.She is called Mary.He left the door open.The door was left open by him.My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young.注意：注意：make,have,hear,watch,see,feel

20、,notice等等动词变为被动，必须动词变为被动，必须还原还原to3.情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态They can not find him.He can not be found.You must pay me for this.I must be paid for this.He can repair your watch.Your watch can be repaired.4.4.短语动词的被动语态短语动词的被动语态They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived.The fire had been put ou

21、t before the fire-brigade arrived.They will set up a new public school here.A new public school will be set up here.主动形式表被动含义 1.The door wont open.The pen writes smoothly.This set of books sells well.表示表示主语的性质主语的性质时，必须用主动态时，必须用主动态2.不定式不定式to blame,to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表（出租）作表语时，主动形式表被动被动含义含义3.need,want

22、,require doing=need,want,require to be done4.deserve doing=deserve to be done5.be worth doing 主动形式表主动形式表被动含义被动含义不用被动的情况 1.谓语动词为谓语动词为不及物动词或短语不及物动词或短语时，无被动。时，无被动。例：例：benefit,cost,last,lack,fail,happen,occur,take place,belong to,break out,consist of,come true,go/come/get/run构成构成的词组，以及表示的词组，以及表示“感官，心理活动，状态，感官，心理活动，状态，从属从属”的动词等等。的动词等等。强调人为因素时才用被动语态的动词：change,develop,hang,improve,prove,open The theory proved to be true.The theory was proved by the scientist.结束语结束语谢谢大家聆听！谢谢大家聆听！37