超声引导下股神经阻滞联合坐骨神经阻滞在膝关节置换术术后镇痛的应用 (2).docx
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1、密级: 论文编号: 硕 士 学 位 论 文论 文 题 目 超声引导下股神经阻滞联合坐骨神经阻滞在膝关节置换术术后镇痛的应用申请学位类别 麻醉学硕士专业学位 专 业 名 称 麻醉学 研 究 方 向 区域阻滞麻醉 论文提交日期 学位论文独创性声明本人郑重声明:所呈交的学位论文系本人在导师指导下独立完成的研究成果。尽我所知,除了文中特别加以标记和致谢的部分外,论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果,也不包含本人为获得任何教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。与我一同工作的同事对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示谢意。本人如违反上述声明,愿意承担由此引发的一切责任和后果。研究生签
2、名: 日期: 年 月 日学位论文使用授权声明本人在导师指导下所完成的学位论文,学校有权保存其电子和纸制文档,可以借阅或上网公布本学位论文的全部或部分内容,可以向有关部门或机构送交并授权其保存、借阅或上网公布本学位论文的全部或部分内容。对于保密论文,按保密的有关规定和程序处理。本学位论文属于:1. 保密 ,在 年后适用于本声明;2.不保密 。研究生签名: 导师签名: 日期: 年 月 硕士学位论文 摘要摘 要目的 在对患者进行全膝关节置换术后,采用超声引导下股神经阻滞联合坐骨神经阻滞的方法,探讨其对患者的镇痛效果。方法 选取120名进行了全膝关节置换术手术的患者作为研究对象,研究对象来源于2019
3、年5月至2021年2月收治的患者。通过随机抽样的方式,将研究对象分为4组,分别为A组、B组、C组和D组,每组患者人数为30人。其中,A组(全麻组),B组(全麻复合0.5%罗哌卡因20ml股神经阻滞组),C组(全麻复合0.5%罗哌卡因20ml坐骨神经阻滞组),D组(使用罗哌卡因20ml对患者进行全麻,完成股神经阻滞;同时,使用罗哌卡因20ml对患者进行全麻,完成坐骨神经阻滞组。两组药物的浓度都为0.5%)。四组手术结束后均接一次性PCIA(Patient controlled intravenous analgesia)镇痛泵(舒芬太尼,剂量100ug;阿扎司琼,剂量10mg),输入剂量:2ml
4、/h,单次剂量:0.5ml,锁定时间:15min。用药后,评估四组患者的视觉模拟评分,评估时间为术后2h,6h,12h,24h,36h。(Visual analog scale,VAS),其他的评估项目包括有术后3天的AKS(American knee society)膝评分,还有首次静脉自控镇痛泵按压时间,还有术后总体有效静脉自控镇痛泵按压次数,还有研究对象术后首次下地时间,以及患者麻醉不良反应(包括有恶心呕吐,还有头痛,还有低血压,以及呼吸抑制等)状况。结果 (1)统计比较四组患者术后VAS得分:B组和C组在相同时间点得分基本相同,结果均无统计学意义(P 0.05),在术后2h、6h、12
5、h节点,各组之间的VAS评分均数对比结果为A组 B&C组 D组,同时具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。(2) 统计比较四组患者术后3天AKS膝评分得分:B组与C组两组患者得分的均数差异不明显,组间均数差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);AKS评分均数由高到低依次为D组 B&C组 A组。(3) 统计比较四组患者首次静脉自控镇痛泵按压时间,以及术后总体有效自控镇痛泵按压次数:B组与C组两组患者数据之间差异不明显,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);首次静脉自控镇痛泵按压时间由长到短依次为D组 B&C组 A组,且具有统计学意义(P B&C组 D组,且具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。(4) 四组患者首次下地
6、时间对比:A组的下地时间的均数长于B&C组,但无统计学意义;D组的下地时间均短于其他组,并且具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。(5)统计比较四组患者麻醉不良反应(恶心呕吐,或者头痛,或者低血压,或者呼吸抑制等)情况:A组的恶心呕吐的概率显著高于其他组,具有统计学意义(P 0.05)。对于低血压情况的统计,结果表明各组之间的差异也无统计学意义(P 0.05)。没有任何一名研究对象出现呼吸抑制。结论 超声引导下股神经阻滞联合坐骨神经阻滞可提高全膝关节置换术术后镇痛效果,膝关节功能有明显改善,术后首次下地时间缩短,能够符合患者麻醉需求。关键词: 超声引导下;股神经阻滞;坐骨神经阻滞;全膝关节置换术;术
7、后镇痛VI硕士学位论文 AbstractAbstractObjective To explore the effect of ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block combined with sciatic nerve block for analgesia after total knee arthroplasty. Methods A total of 120 patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty who were admitted from May 2019 to February 2021 were
8、 selected as the research objects, and they were divided into group A, group B, group C, and group D by random dispersion method, with 30 cases in each group. Among them, group A (general anesthesia group), group B (general anesthesia combined 0.5% ropivacaine 20ml femoral nerve block group), group
9、C (general anesthesia combined 0.5% ropivacaine 20ml sciatic nerve block group), D Group (general anesthesia combined 0.5% ropivacaine 20ml femoral nerve block combined with 0.5% ropivacaine 20ml sciatic nerve block). The four groups received a disposable PCIA (Patient controlled intravenous analges
10、iaanalgesic) pump (100ug sufentanil + azasetron 10mg) after the operation, background dose: 2ml/h, first dose: 0.5ml, lock-in time: 15min. The VAS (Visual analog scale) of the three groups of patients at 2h, 6h, 12h, 24h, and 36h after the operation, the AKS (American knee society) knee score at 3 d
11、ays after the operation, the first intravenous automatic analgesia pump compression time, and the overall postoperative effectiveness were evaluated. The number of intravenous self-control analgesia pump compressions, the time the patient first went to the ground after surgery, and the occurrence of
12、 adverse anesthesia reactions (nausea and vomiting, headache, hypotension, respiratory depression).Results (1) Comparison of postoperative VAS scores of the four groups of patients: the mean difference between group B and group C was not statistically significant at any time node (P 0.05), at 2h, 6h
13、, and 12h after surgery, between each group The results of the comparison of the mean VAS scores were group A group B&C group D, which was also statistically significant (P 0.05). (2) Comparison of the AKS knee scores of the four groups of patients at 3 days postoperatively: the mean difference betw
14、een group B and group C was not statistically significant (P 0.05); the order of the mean AKS scores from high to low was group D group B&C Group A. (3) Comparison of the first intravenous patient-controlled analgesia pump compression time and the overall effective postoperative patient-controlled a
15、nalgesia pump compression times in the four groups: the difference between group B and C was not statistically significant (P 0.05); the first intravenous patient-controlled analgesia pump The pressing time in descending order was group D group B&C group A, and it was statistically significant (P gr
16、oup B&C group D, and it is statistically significant (P 0.05). (4) Comparison of the first time to go to the ground of the four groups: the mean of the time to go to the ground in group A Longer than B&C group, but not statistically significant; D groups landing time was shorter than other groups, a
17、nd statistically significant (P 0.05).(5) Comparison of the occurrence of adverse anesthesia reactions (nausea and vomiting, headache, hypotension, respiratory depression) of the four groups of patients.The probability of nausea and vomiting in group A was significantly higher than that in other gro
18、ups, and it was statistically significant (P 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of hypotension among the groups (P 0.05). No patients had respiratory depression.Conclusion Ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block combined with sciatic nerve block can improve th
19、e analgesic effect after total knee arthroplasty, the total knee joint function is significantly improved, the first time to go to the ground after surgery is shortened, it can meet the patients anesthesia needs.Keywords Ultrasound guidance; Femoral nerve block; Sciatic nerve block; Total knee repla
20、cement surgery; Postoperative analgesia硕士学位论文 目录 目 录摘 要IAbstractII中英文缩略词对照表1第一章 前 言2第二章 材料和方法42.1 材料42.1.1 病例来源42.1.1.1 一般资料42.1.1.2 纳入标准42.1.1.3 排除标准42.1.2 主要设备和药物42.2 方法52.2.1 麻醉方法52.2.1.1术前准备及麻醉诱导52.2.1.2 超声引导下股神经阻滞(FNB)联合坐骨神经阻滞(SNB)方法62.2.1.3 麻醉维持62.2.1.4 术后镇痛72.2.2 指标评价72.3 统计学分析7第三章 结 果83.1 四组
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