高铬铸铁的热处理工艺研究》.docx
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1、高铬铸铁的热处理工艺研究摘要:本文以渣浆泵耐磨眼镜板为研究对象,以超高铬(Cr26)合金铸铁为原料,提高其耐腐蚀性,并设计了后续的热处理工艺。提高合金的坚硬程度和冲击韧性。热处理结果表明,在相同的回火温度下,随着淬火温度的升高,材料的坚硬程度先增加后减小,在1010淬火时材料的坚硬程度最高;在相同的淬火温度下,随着回火温度的升高,材料的坚硬程度先增大后减小,在450回火时材料的坚硬程度最高;在淬火和回火之后,冲压铸造材料。当材料坚硬程度达到最大值时,冲击韧性大大提高,冲击韧性仍然良好;因此,最佳热处理标准确定如下:在1010保持2小时,在450淬火2小时,在450回火此时,材料的宏观坚硬程度达
2、到65.9HRC,冲击韧性达到4.6J。 /厘米2。与铸态样品相比,宏观坚硬程度提高25,冲击韧性提高53,质量大大提高。详细研究了处理前后材料的金相组织和断口形貌。对微结构中的共晶碳化物和二次碳化物进行EDS分析。结果表明,铸态金属中的共晶碳化物是M7C3和M23C6碳化物的混合原理。在热处理之后,二次碳化物分散并沉淀在金属基质中。通过EDS分析,二次碳化物的类型是M7C3。根据每种元素的原子比,C型碳化物的分子式为(Fe2Cr5)C3。摩擦和磨损实验表明,材料的耐磨性与坚硬程度变化一致。在最佳热处理工艺下材料的耐磨性最好,相对耐磨性是铸态条件下的1.42倍。通过分析磨损形态,可以看出热处理
3、前后材料的磨损原理是磨料颗粒的微切削。热处理后,材料的耐磨性有所提高,但仍不能令人满意。为了进一步提高其耐磨性,采用EPC负压铸渗透法制备了高坚硬程度陶瓷颗粒增强超高铬铸铁复合材料,镀镍提高了陶瓷颗粒与铁水的润湿效果。预处理。铁水的出钢温度为1520。采用0.05MPa的负压制备F20,F12和F6粒度的复合铸件和高铬铸铁。 SEM和EDS分析结果表明,镀镍预处理有利于液态金属对陶瓷颗粒的包封和渗透,相当于在高铬铸铁复合界面附近添加合金元素。在该区域中合金元素的富集降低了液体的表面张力和固体与液体之间的界面张力,因此形成的复合界面紧密结合并且层次分明。此外,详细分析了复合材料的铸造渗透原理,并
4、将复合材料在1010淬火,450回火,研究了热处理后复合材料界面的变化规律。摩擦磨损试验表明,铸态复合材料的相对耐磨性是铸态纯金属材料的1.93倍,是热处理后铸态纯金属材料的2.21倍。结果表明,纯金属的热处理工艺仍可应用于复合材料,对提高复合材料的整体耐磨性有很大的作用。通过分析磨损形态,复合材料的磨损原理仍然是磨粒的微切削。关键词:高铬铸铁;热处理工艺;锆刚玉颗粒;复合材料ABSTRACTIn this paper, the wearable glasses board of slurry pump is studied. Considering its special working e
5、nvironment, in order to enhance its corrosion resistance and wear resistance, Ultra-high chromium alloy cast iron is usually used as the raw material to manufacture this kind of materials. Heat treatment results shows that at the same tempering temperature, the hardness of casting increased at first
6、 and then decreased with the increase of quenching temperature, and the hardness reaches the maximum at 1010 quenching. At the same quenching temperature, the hardness of casting is also increased at first and then decreased with the increase of tempering temperature, the hardness of casting reaches
7、 the maximum at 450 tempering. The best heat treatment process parameter is comprehensive determined: 1010quenching temperature and 450tempering temperature. The average hardness of the heat treated material reached 65.9HRC and impact toughness value reached 4.6J/cm2. Compared to the cast sample, th
8、e macro hardness increased 25% and the impact toughness increased 53%. Comprehensive mechanical properties improved obviously. The microstructure and fracture morphology of the materials before and after heat treatment were analyzed. The chemical composition analysis of the eutectic carbides and sec
9、ondary carbides which exist in the micro organization is made. It can be known that the eutectic carbides in the cast state are the mixing mechanism of carbide M7C3 and M23C6, after the heat treatment, the metal matrix will disperse and precipitate secondary carbides, the chemical composition analys
10、is shows that the carbide type is M7C3, the specificchemical formula is (Fe2Cr5)C3. The friction and wear tests show that with the best heat treatment process, the comprehensive wear resistance of the material is best, the relative wear resistance of the material is 1.42 times as much as the cast st
11、ate, which indicate that the trend of wear resistance of the material and the hardness is consistent. Finally, the wear morphology showsthat the wear mechanism of the materials before and after heat treatment is micro cutting of abrasive grains. The wear resistance of the material is improved to som
12、e extent after heat treatment, but still not ideal. So, in this study, ceramic particles were used to further enhance the wear resistance of high chromium cast iron, the preparation method is the EPC negative pressure casting infiltration, and the surface of ceramic particles is pretreated with nick
13、el plating to improve its wetting effect with the molten iron .The temperature of molten iron is 1520 , the negative pressure is 0.05MPa, successfully prepared F20, F12 and F6 three different particle size complex material with ceramic particles and high chromium cast iron. SEM and EDS analysis show
14、ed that the pretreatment of the ceramic particles is beneficial to the infiltration of molten iron, its effect is equivalent to the addition of alloying elements to high chromium cast iron near the interface of the composite, and the enrichment of the alloying elements in this region makes the surfa
15、ce tension and solid-liquid interfacial tension decreased. So, composite interface combined closely, gradation is distinct. In addition, the mechanism of casting infiltration was analyzed, and the composite casting was quenched at 1010 tempered at 450. The changes of composite interface after heat t
16、reatment were studied. Friction and wear tests show that the relative wear resistance of the cast composite sample is 1.93 times as much as the cast pure metal, the relative abrasion resistance of the composite sample after heat treatment is 2.21 times as much as the pure metal sample. Indicating th
17、at pure metal heat treatment process can still be applied to composite materials,it can also improve overall wear resistance of composite materials obviously. Finally, the wear morphology showed that the wear mechanism of the composites is still micro cutting of abrasive grains. KEYWORDS: High chrom
18、ium cast iron; Heat treatment process; ZTA particles; Composite material 22 / 22目录第一章 绪 论41.1 课题工程背景及意义4第二章 实验方案52.1 实验材料52.1.1 基体金属成分的设计52.2 主要实验设备52.3 本章小结5第三章 高铬铸铁的热处理工艺63.1 高铬铸铁热处理的作用及工艺63.2 热处理结果分析63.2.1 维氏显微坚硬程度结果分析63.2.2 金属断口分析83.4 本章小结12第四章 锆刚玉/高铬铸铁复合材料12第五章 总结与展望13第六章 参考文献14第一章 绪 论1.1 课题工程背
19、景及意义 众所周知,两个彼此接触或相对移动的物体在其表面上产生摩擦。 在正常情况下,摩擦通常伴随着磨损,并且当在一定程度上磨损时,不可避免地导致各种机器或部件的故障。 面临巨大的安全隐患。 中国也是一个制造大国。 在中国,采矿机械,工程机械和各种破碎和研磨设备都非常庞大,类似于冶金,采矿,建材,电力,煤炭等部门。 这些设备通常运行不良。 在这种情况下,某些部件被各种材料消耗,例如沙子,矿石,土壤和磨料体,每年消耗大量金属1。 因此,提高材料的耐磨性和使用寿命具有重要的经济和实际意义2。在实际情况中,一些易损件不仅磨损,而且经常伴有腐蚀磨损和高温磨损。在复杂的磨损条件下,许多因素会相互作用并加剧
20、零件的磨损3。这种情况在采矿,冶金,建材等工业生产中很常见,如输送含煤泥和蛭石的稠浆泵,内部易损件的耐磨玻璃板易受腐蚀和磨损。流动介质腐蚀,使用寿命短,零件尺寸小,但技术要求高,制造困难。在类似的复合材料磨损条件下,消耗品被大量消耗。因此,对于在苛刻条件下操作的这种部件,如果采用简单有效的制备方法,可以在确保一定的内部冲击韧性的同时获得一定程度的工作表面硬度,并且其耐磨性和使用性极大改进。生活。相关文献表明,在耐磨金属材料表面结合一定厚度的硬质颗粒,不仅可以提高易损件的可靠性和使用寿命,还可以提高易损件的性能和质量,提高经济性。 ,促进高科技。发展。技术和节能的发展具有重要意义4。陶瓷颗粒增强
21、金属基耐磨复合材料的研究已引起相关领域专家的关注。目前,该研究主要集中在与金属基体具有良好润湿性的陶瓷颗粒,如WC颗粒,铸铁基耐磨材料,粉末烧结等。这种制备方法往往需要更高的材料成本或更复杂的制备工艺 5。因此,本文拟采用一些简单的复合方法,采用低成本陶瓷颗粒和金属复合材料,最初提出使用氧化锆刚玉陶瓷颗粒来提高高铬铸铁表面复合材料的制备,从热处理工艺入手。基板本身首先强化基体本身然后,探索陶瓷颗粒的表面改性,使其与金属基体具有良好的润湿性。最后,确定了铸造工艺标准,制备了具有紧密复合界面和良好耐磨性的复合材料,并对复合材料进行了热处理。进一步的发展。提高复合铸件的耐磨性。第二章 实验方案2.1
22、 实验材料 2.1.1 基体金属成分的设计 基体金属不仅需要满足耐磨玻璃所要求的高耐磨性和耐腐蚀性,而且还要求在与陶瓷颗粒复合时具有良好的粘合界面。 因此,基材主要选自以下几个方面:(1)基体本身具有高硬度和耐磨性;(2)具有良好的耐腐蚀性和抗氧化性;(3)具有良好的淬透性,便于在后续热处理过程中进一步提高材料的硬度和冲击韧性;(4)基础结构应与陶瓷颗粒形成良好的结合,具有很强的支撑保护和防止工件陶瓷颗粒在磨损过程中完全剥落并缩短使用寿命。本文主要研究厚泥浆泵耐磨玻璃板的复合材料。 Cr26耐磨白口铸铁是一种超高铬合金铸铁,碳化物分布均匀,耐磨性好,耐高铬。铸铁的研究也比较成熟,具有良好的理论
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