商务英语 从美国电视剧《了不起的麦瑟尔夫人》略论美国20世纪50-60年代女权主义.doc

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1、A Brief Study on Feminism in America in 1950s and 1960s from the American TV Series-the Marvelous Mrs. Maisel学 院： 外国语学院专 业：姓 名：指导老师：商务英语苏梓欣学 号：职 称：161005103764刘华副教授中国珠海 二二 年 五 月14毕业论文诚信承诺书本人郑重承诺：我所呈交的毕业论文A Brief Study on Feminism in America in 1950s and 1960s from the American TV Series-the Marvelou

2、s Mrs. Maisel是在指导教师的指导下，独立开展研究或调查所取得的成果，文中引用他人的观点和材料，均在文后按顺序列出其参考文献，文中所使用的数据真实可靠。承诺人签名： 苏梓欣 日期： 2020 年 4 月 13 日 A Brief Study on Feminism in America in 1950s and 1960s from the American TV Series-the Marvelous Mrs. MaiselAbstractIn 1960s, there was a national Feminism movement in America, which is c

3、alled a re-rise Feminism movement. At the meantime, the Black Civil Rights movement rises in the United State. In this context, two groups of people strive for legal protection of their rights. This paper attempts to discuss the reasons behind the movement and the influence after the second Feminism

4、 movement. The character Mrs. Maisel in American TV series the Marvelous Mrs. Maisel is to talk about most womens position in 1950s to 1960s. The show was a hit in 2017. Therefore, many viewers love the characters, scenes and comedy in it. Besides these, the messages from the TV series are more note

5、worthy. Its background was set in the 1950s, before the second feminism movement, but what the show talking about still relevant today. It was the emergence of a woman like Mrs. Maisel that led to the feminist movement of the 1960s.Keywords: women, the marvelous Mrs. Maisel, America, 1960s 从美国电视剧了不起

6、的麦瑟尔夫人略论美国20世纪50-60年代女权主义摘 要20世纪60年代的美国兴起的女权主义运动，被称为妇女运动的再次崛起。同期，美国的黑人人权运动也正兴起。在这个背景下，两类人群都在争取法律对自己权利的保障。这篇论文目的在于讨论第二次女权运动产生的原因以及影响。以及通过美国电视剧了不起的麦瑟尔夫人中的女主角麦瑟尔夫人来谈谈大多数美国妇女在1950-1960年的地位。这部美剧是2017年热播的美剧，很多观众对于剧中人物、场景造型以及喜剧色彩十分喜爱。除此以外，剧中所透露出的信息更值得我们关注。剧中场景设定在19世纪50年代，早于第二次女权主义的发生，但故事被放到当今依然具有现实意义。正是因为像

7、麦瑟尔夫人那样的女性出现，引发了60年代的女权运动浪潮。 关键词：演讲稿；奥巴马；公共演讲；肢体语言ContentsAbstract摘 要Introduction11 Mrs. Maisels Feminist Consciousness Changes 2 1.1 The Rise of a Feminist Consciousness2 1.2 The Employment Situation42 Characteristics of Feminism in 1950s-60s62.1 Political Oppression to Female62.2 Combination with

8、the Civil movement72.3 Law System Protection83 Influences of this Feminism Movement9 3.1 Changes in Political area9 3.2 Changes in Employment area93.3 Changes in Education area103.4 Changes in Womens awareness10Conclusion11References13Acknowledgments13IntroductionThe Marvelous Mrs. Maisel was a hit

9、TV series in 2017, and many viewers love the characters, scenes and comedy. Its set in the 1950s, before the second feminism movement, but its still relevant today. It was the emergence of a woman like Mrs. Maisel that led to the feminist movement of the 1960s. This movement brought women the protec

10、tion in laws.Feminism, as a social and political movement in the United States has a history of more than 100 years. Women fight so hard to get their freedom and independent for their rights. It was a long time that the concept of “Human Rights” existed in history. But it seemed never include the ri

11、ghts for women and the black, take this as an example, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens released in 1789 and the Declaration of Independence published by the United States. The concept of “Rights of Man” just declared males rights. There were two famous movements at that time. What

12、happened on December,1955, Rosa Parks, a black seamstress, was arrested for refusing to offer her seat on a bus to a white man, which caused more than 5, 000 black protesters rallied, sparking a wave of black movements. On one hand, the contradiction between conservative gender consciousness and dev

13、elopment social economic was the main reason that causes the feminist movement. Besides, the rapid development of western capitalism and industry provides financial support for the feminism movement. In the 1960s, various social movements took off in the United States; feminism movement was the most

14、 famous one among them. In this paper we will discuss the reasons and influence of the movement. The rise and characteristics of the second feminist movement are different from the first feminist movement. It has gained a lot of success and provided guidance to the later feminist movement. The study

15、 of the second wave of womens rights in the United States gave us with a deep understanding of the movement with great significance and influence, and at the same time provide help for the contemporary American womens rights movement and current womens issues.1 Mrs. Maisels Feminist Consciousness Ch

16、angesIn this chapter, I would use the TV series-The Marvelous Mrs. Maisel to discuss the social circumstances and the number of women employees in labor market before the second feminism movement.1.1 The Rise of Feminist Consciousness Before this topic, we need to know why we need the feminism movem

17、ent. Just like the Confucianism is the core consciousness of Chinese culture, Christian shaping the western culture. When Eve led Adam astray and tasted the forbidden fruit. God punished eve and made her have more children and her wish must conform to her husbands, and he must dominate you. This sto

18、ry set a core value that women would subordinate to men. However, the protestant reformation began to bring American women out of closed homes and join the social activities. The social image of women that the media created is glamorous, they told the women that the lives they living is what the wom

19、en in the world desire for. From the media and social trends in the 1950s, we can see that in American women need to be a good wife and mother, and try her best to be the perfect partner for her husband. The world was in a big change that time. However, those women magazines did not mention a word i

20、n it. They kept the women inside their world. For example, Castro led the Cuban revolution, Armstrong was being trained to travel into space, and Martin Luther King Jr. led the black civil rights movement. Womens spiritual world was totally empty. Women were limited to taking care of their body and

21、beauty, husband and children. Betty Friedan, pointed out that 15 years after the World War , the problem of women has been an serious issue to the American society. American women do not care about international and domestic affairs, nor do they care about the development of science and technology.

22、“A happy housewife” became their dream to go after. Nevertheless, when they actually became a housewife, they were trap into a lot of housework and could not see a future, and there is no meaning of lives. They were depressed and upset. Betty uses Nazi concentration camps as a metaphor for their sit

23、uation, because their status totally depended on their husbands instead of what their certain talent. Or we can say women were like a canary in a cage. And there is another famous, outstanding author- Simone de Beauvoir wrote in her book The Second Sex: “If a woman is worldly, banal, and essentially

24、 utilitarian, it is because she is forced to devote her existence to cooking and nappy-washing - she cannot attain a sense of sublimity. It was her duty to undertake the monotonous repetition of life, to be in the unconscious reality. The natural woman must repeat, must begin anew without innovation

25、, and must feel as if time were wandering aimlessly round and round. She is busy and never gets anything done, so she identifies with what she has. This attachment to things is the result of the kind of attachment the man keeps her, and it also explains her stinginess and greed.” (Beauvoir, 1949, Ch

26、apter 21) These words were beautifully tells the situation that women going though and the reason why women in a low self-thinking.Although there was a feminism movement before, but it did not bring the position or rights that women want. Women were still in an unequal status. After the first womens

27、 movement, American women partially improved their subordinate political and social status and gained certain victories, the most majority of American women still suffered from differentiation and oppression in various aspects, whats more, they still had no right to participate in many social and po

28、litical activities. The reason why the first time of American feminist movement finally died down is the complicated social conditions, on the one hand the serious problems of the movement itself. After World War , peace returned. Men were back to their career position, there was another opinion abo

29、ut female which consider women are born to be housewives. It would be the best gift to play the role of mother and wife well. Our character Miriam Midge Maisel lives in these social circumstances too. As a matter of fact, Mrs. Maisel is her stage name. Midge lives a middle class Jewish family at tha

30、t time in America. Her father is a professor in Columbia University and her mother is a student abroad, her brother is a gifted student. They live in the rich zone since they were kids and had a maid. From the drama, we could tell that Midge and her mother care lots about their appearance, they even

31、 get up early to put on make-up before their husbands awake and remove their make-up after husbands were go to bed. Whats more, they think highly of they weight control in order to look perfect. Because women have to be the society wants them to be. Back in that time, it was the common situation amo

32、ng American women. As Beauvoir argues in the second sex, women are not born, they become.(Beauvoir, 1949) Like most women at that time, Midge was giving her heart and soul to the family. When her husband, a senior manager, told Midge that he wants to become a talk show actor, she supported him uncon

33、ditionally. It seems like it was becoming her dream too. But they ended up with a divorce because her husband was having an affair with his secretary. An unexcepted chance, Midge gave a freestyle talk on the stage and found a passion to it. Betty Friedan published a book-The Feminine Mystique in 196

34、3 which ignited the second feminist movement in the United States. It inspires the American middle-class women to doubt and question the patriarchal social consciousness. At that time the whole society was hyping “The Feminine Mystique” which in some ways confined female to traditional female roles.

35、 In that case, the book plays an expressive role at that time. It was credited with permanently rewriting the social fabric of countries like the United States. She said in her book: “The image of the woman in this beautiful big magazine is young, shallow, almost baby-faced, silly, meek, quite femin

36、ine, happy and content with the world made up of bedrooms, kitchens, sex, babies and families. The magazine certainly does not exclude sexual content, allowing a woman to have her only passion, her only pursuit and her only goal is to find a man. But, as the life of mind and spirit, where is the rea

37、lm of thought? The magazine portrays a woman who does nothing but does housework, maintain her figure, find and relate to men.” (Betty, 1963, p.23) Just like the circumstances that Betty Friedan stated, it was fully revealed in Mrs. Maisel. Even Midges father, a professor, thinks women should try th

38、eir best to please their husbands, a woman just can not live without man. So when this couple get a divorce, her parents blame Midge for everything. And they asked Midge to beg her husband back.During World War , the government encouraged women to join the army. Women became an important component t

39、o American economic and society. After the war, the consumer goods industry is booming than ever before, on the other hand, women are becoming more educated, more aware of themselves and more eager to improve their material lives. But when peace came back, people seemed to forget the sacrifice that

40、women gave. Instead, the social slogan changed to call for women to come home to be housewives again. The low status of women in the 1960s coupled with the intensification of social contradictions in the United States led to the rise of the womens movement. 1.2 The Employment SituationPeople think m

41、ost women should stay at home to take care of children and tons of housework, while men should be the one to work outside to make money. Between 1900 and 1940, it was a time that called on womens place is in the home, which only 20%-26% of women worked outside the home, and the majority of them were

42、 unmarried women or wives without children. In particular, the development of the tertiary industry is mainly attributed to the participation of women. According to the data shows, the employment of women workers in manufacturing industry increased 16% from 1948 to 1963, the employment of women in s

43、ervices area rise 53%. For instance, there were about 2 million women stepped into the area of the defense industry, causing an increase of 46%. Whats more, women got chances to choose their working place or area base on their personal preference. Therefore, after the war, there was a prominent cont

44、radiction in American societythe society advertised the slogan of the feminine mystique while the labor market attracted women to participate. Because the labor market was in a shortage of manpower，not because the reason that they have changed the views on women participating in work. However, the p

45、ayment of women was quite unequal to men in the same job. In 1960s-1970s, white women earn only 56.3% of what white men earn, while black women earn 49.8% of what white men earn. It was well known to many people that, in all positions, those jobs were taken by women were always those with low social

46、 status and also with a low payment. With womens growing awareness of being treated unfairly and their increasing experience in life, their desire to change their position was stronger. They began to pay more attention to their equal rights and interests. After world war , Americas economy fully rec

47、overed. Though most women gave up their jobs during the war and back to be housewives, womens self-awareness and self-thinking ability has been enhanced by the war time. Eventually, the marvelous performance of women at work won themselves the wide recognition of the society. Since 1945, the Preside

48、ntial Commission on The Status of Women (mentions on the chapter two, 2.1) fought real hard on the equality of womens payment. The president, John F. Kennedy, enacted the Equal Pay Act in 1963. Although, there was still the situation of same work with different pay, the act was the first time the federal government had enacted a law against sex discrimination, and it was the first time congress had r