从女性主义解读《灿烂千阳》中玛丽亚姆的悲惨命运.docx

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1、AcknowledgementsThanks for giving me the chance to accomplish this thesis as well as make a conclusion for my four years education. I have gained much more knowledge than I have supposed from writing this thesis.I would give my sincere thanks to my supervisor, Ms. Du, a respectable, responsible and

2、resourceful scholar, who has provided me with valuable guidance in every stage of the writing of this thesis. Without her enlightening instruction, impressive kindness and patience, I could not have finished this thesis.Also, I want to give my thanks to other teachers and my classmates who have give

3、n me much help. Thank you!AbstractThe Afghan American writer Khaled Hosseinis second novel A Thousand Splendid Suns has attracted much attention since its publication. The novel mainly tells a story about two Afghan women Mariam and Lailas miserable fate in the patriarchal society. The author Hossei

4、ni uses his skillful writing skills describing two vivid characters for readers. This thesis plans to make an interpretation of Mariams miserable fate from the angle of feminism, at the same time, take Patriarchy as the theoretical basis. Through the description of the changing process of Mariams fe

5、male consciousness reflecting her miserable fate. Finally analyze the causes of Mariams miserable fate from the aspects of family and society. This thesis aims to revel that women who are repressed in the patriarchal society must unite together to revolt and search for freedom and happiness bravely

6、in order to get rid of miserable fate.Kew Words: feminism; patriarchy; female consciousness摘 要美籍阿富汗作家卡勒德胡赛尼的第二部作品灿烂千阳，自发表以来广受关注。小说讲述了两名阿富汗女性玛丽亚姆和莱拉在父权社会中饱受压迫的悲惨命运。作者胡赛尼运用娴熟的写作技巧，为读者刻画了两个鲜明生动的人物形象。本论文将从女性主义对小说主人公玛丽亚姆的悲剧人生进行分析，以父权制理论为支撑，通过对主人公玛丽亚姆在父权制社会背景下女性自我意识变化过程的探析，侧面反映出其悲惨的人生。最终从家庭和社会两方面分析得出造成其悲剧

7、命运的原因。本文旨在揭示在强大的父权社会现实中，受压迫的女性只有团结一致，勇敢反抗，追求自由与幸福，才能摆脱悲惨命运。关键词：女性主义；父权制；女性意识ContentsTOC o 1-3 h z u 1. Introduction 11.1 Introduction of Khaled Hosseini 11.2 Introduction of A Thousand Splendid Suns 21.3 Literature Review 32. Feminism 42.1 A Brief Introduction of Feminism 42.2 The Reflection of Femi

8、nism in the Novel 53. The Changes of Mariams Female Consciousness in Patriarchal Society 63.1 The Obedience of Mariam 73.2 The Awakening of Mariam 83.3 The Revolt of Mariam 94. The Causes of Mariams Miserable Fate 104.1 Women were Repressed by Men in Patriarchal Society 104.1.1 Mariam was Repressed

9、by Her Father Jalil 114.1.2 Mariam was Repressed by Her Husband Rasheed. 124.2 Religious Extremism in Patriarchal Society 134.2 The Continuous Wars 145. Conclusion 14Bibliography 16An Interpretation of Mariams Miserable Fate in A Thousand Splendid Suns from Feminism1. IntroductionAs a new writer, Kh

10、aled Hosseinis works had received much international attention. After his first novel The kite runner sold six million copies around the word, he published his second novel A Thousand Splendid Suns four years later. As expected, the novel also gained a great success. The author described a moving st

11、ory happened in Afghanistan. In a euphemistic way, the author showed the Afghan womens unfortunate experience for readers.1.1 Introduction of Khaled HosseiniKhaled Hosseini was an Afghan-American writer. He was born in Afghans capital city Kabul in 1965. His father was a diplomat, and his mother was

12、 a teacher who taught Persian and history in Kabul female school. Under the influence of his parents, Hosseini showed a great interested in reading literary works particularly Persian poetry while he was a little boy. In 1970, Hosseinis father was dispatched to Teheran, Iran. So his whole family fol

13、lowed him there. Until 1973, they went back to Kabul. In the same year his mother gave birth to the youngest brother of him. It was the last year for the Afghan regime to maintain stability. After that time, Afghanistan suffered a continuous invasion by other countries. Because of that, Hosseinis wo

14、nderful childhood in Kabul ended up.In 1976, Hosseinis father was send to Afghan embassy in Paris for four years, so his whole family decided to move to France. Due to the extremely unstable of Afghan regime they never went back to Kabul. In 1980, Afghanistan was invaded by the Soviet Union so his f

15、ather decided to apply for political asylum from the United States .Luckily they were accepted and the whole family immigrated to San Jose, California. When they first arrived there, they lived a poor life. Once they tried to receive welfare fund and food stamps from American government. Gradually t

16、he situation improved.In 1984, Hosseini graduated from high school, and then he applied to study Biology in Santa Clara College. After that Hosseini then attended the University of California, studied medicine in the department of San Diego .Through several years study, he got a masters degree and p

17、hysician qualification.Because of his great interests in writing, he didnt choose to be a doctor throughout his whole life. After he worked as a doctor for several years he changed his career as a writer. His first book The Kite Runner was published in 2003 and gained a great success. Thus he won al

18、l kinds of New Writer Awards. The great influence of the novel make the author himself won the United Nations Humanitarian Award in 2006. Hosseini was also invited as a goodwill ambassador of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to promote the refugee rescue work. So far he has publishe

19、d three novels: The kite Runner, A thousand Splendid Suns, And The Mountains Echoed. Each of his novels had attracted much attention of many readers.1.2 Introduction of A Thousand Splendid SunsA Thousand Splendid Suns is the second published book of Hosseini. The novel had gained a lot of attention

20、before it was published. And was highly praised for the first time it was published in American on May 22, 2007. Hosseini also transformed from a new writer to a mature one who has been widely recognized and admired. On September 2007, A Thousand Splendid Suns was published in China.The novel mainly

21、 tells a story about two unfortunate Afghan women Mariam and Laila. Mariam was an illegitimate child. Her mother killed herself when she was fifteen. Her father who had three wives in order to save his dignity married her to a shoemaker Rasheed. Rasheed had a bad temper since then Mariam had to live

22、 under the shadow of domestic violence from his husband. The girl Laila lost her parents and lover during the war and was cheated by her neighbor Rasheed. At that moment Laila was pregnant, in order to save her baby Laila was forced to married to Rasheed. From then on, the fate of the two women was

23、closely linked. Although Mariam and Laila had different memorizes of their previous time, the two Afghan women suffered war, poor and domestic violence together.The creative background of the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns was based on the war happened in Afghanistan. It describes the struggling wom

24、en in the old society. Differ from Hosseinis former work, such as his first novel The Kite Runner in which he didnt follow the traditional male writers writing method and psychology. However, he makes an objective and smooth description of Afghan women who had gone through the war. He also linked th

25、e Afghan womens living conditions with the profound meaning of the title by the way of comparison to show the beautiful hope of the author and Afghan women.1.3 Literature ReviewAs a new writer, the introduction of Hosseinis works in China was not go through a very long time. At present, there were n

26、ot many researches on the writer and his works at home and abroad. Although the number of the papers about the novel published on some academic websites like CNKI was rare, some published papers mainly focused on the following points: analyzing the female characters in the novel from the perspective

27、 of trauma theory; combining ecologism with feminist to analyze the novel; analyze the novel from the narratology perspective; interpreting the novel from the perspective of post-colonialism.Cao Ying majored in English Language and Literature in YunNan Normal University. She analyzed the two heroine

28、s psychology from trauma theory. She firstly explained the reasons why the heroine suffered psychological trauma, and then she tried to find the way how the two heroines treated their trauma. Finally she revealed the damages that the patriarchal society caused to women.Liu Zhe, from the Foreign Lang

29、uage Department of ZhengZhou University. The author combined ecologism with feminism , through the description of the relationship between women and nature, the author pointed out Hosseinis criticism of the patriarchy and finally the author gave a high praise for womens brave action towards patriarc

30、hy.Luo Hao the master of English Language and Literature in the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China. The author made an interpretation of the novel from the perspective of post-colonialism .In his thesis, he firstly gave an introduction of post-colonialism, then he analyzed the

31、male characters in the novel, next he described the womens revolt after suffering a long repression, finally he summarized the whole papers and the realistic meaning of his thesis.Liu Jingxian, from GuangXi University. She made an exploration of the novel from the angle of narratology. She analyzed

32、the narrative features of the novel by using some narratologys theories and methods.However, this thesis aims to analyze the miserable fate of the heroine Mariam bases on the concept of patriarchy from the perspective of feminist. Firstly, the author will make a description of the changes of the her

33、oine Mariams female consciousness. Then, the author will explain the reasons why shes fate is miserable. Finally, the author is going to make a summary of the whole thesis. At the same time, point out the realistic meaning of the thesis.2. FeminismThe concept of feminism first came from the West. It

34、 was a kind of social and political movement based on womens life experience. In the western country there once emerged a lot of independent feminist movements, so it was widely believed that there existed a close association between feminism and feminist movements. During the development of feminis

35、m, more and more theoretical concepts had made a great contribution, patriarchy was one of them.2.1 A Brief Introduction of FeminismFeminism refers to the social theory and politic movement which is founded to end sexism, sexual repression, sexual exploitation and sexual discrimination. It also can

36、be regarded as a criticism of the male authority which represses women in the social, political and economic system. At the same time, it is also kind of literation to women. At present, it is generally believed that there is a strong relationship between feminism and the development of feminism mov

37、ement.The development of the feminism movement can be divided into three periods. The earliest feminism movement can be traced back to the Western Enlightenment Campaign in the 18th _ 19th century. This is commonly considered as the first period of feminism movement. During that time the European wo

38、men had no position in society. Later, with the development of all kinds of Natural Sciences, some thinkers began to put up with some doubts about the unfair status between men and women. As a result, the concept of “Men and Women are Equals” was put forward for the first time. Then in the 1960s-197

39、0s, feminism movement developed to the second period. The main task of women in this period was to pursuit the equal political rights. Meanwhile, a larger number of feminism theories began to emerge, various feminism groups started to spring up. Finally after the 1970s, it was the last period of the

40、 development of feminism movement. During this time, feminism movement paid much attention to the womens self-esteem, self-consciousness, self-care and self-control. People launched various social movements and social organizations to achieve social demands. It also made a great contribution for the

41、 society to improve the sensitivity of social gender. During the developing process of feminism movements, a sort of schools and thoughts were founded and each of them had different claims and demands. Among them the most influential three schools were: Liberalism Feminism, Radicalism Feminism and S

42、ocialism Feminism.However, there is a close relationship between the concept of patriarchy and feminism theory. The establishment of many feminism theories were based on the criticism of patriarchy, for example, the whole theoretical system of radicalism feminism was based on the concept of patriarc

43、hy. From a theoretical point of view, patriarchy is a social concept. It refers to a social structure, in this social structure, father is the head of a family. As time goes by, there are many new meanings are included in the concept of patriarchy. Nowadays, patriarchy mainly refers to the unequal s

44、tatus of men and women in a society. In this system, men are in a dominant role while women are ruled. The system can be economic, cultural even powerful. All in all, the concept of patriarchy plays an important role in the development of feminism.2.2 The Reflection of Feminism in the NovelLooking t

45、hrough the definition and the development of feminism, it is not hard for us to find that there exists a close association between patriarchy and feminism. And then we know the creative background of the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns was based on Afghan, however, patriarchy is an important constitu

46、ent part in Afghan society and culture. So we can find that the best reflection of feminism in the novel is the patriarchal repression of women in Afghan society.In Afghan, men always play an important role in family affaris. For most ordinary Afghan families, men are the only person who can go out

47、to earn money so they are the only source of family economy. Thus they control the absolute power of marriage and family. Under this social system, women have to rely on men for the sake of making a living. At present, although the whole world is advocating the equality between men and women, Afghan

48、istan is one of the few countries which still retains patriarchy. Women in Afghanistan are just like a good which only belong to men, they dont have the right to work out, to leave home alone, to expose their face in public or to be educated. Under this circumstance, women have to listen to men in o

49、rder to live. The only thing they can do is to endure everything silently.In the novel, the hero Jalil and Rasheed are the typical representatives of patriarchal society and the heroine Mariam is unlucky to live under the shadow of his father and husband. In her world, the two men are the only person that she can rely. So when she was abandoned by her father and abused by her husband she endured all of these silently instead of offered re