公开课-名词性从句.ppt

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1、名词性从句名词性从句volunteers The pictures tell us about v_ work.The pictures tell us that we should do some voluntary work.Its our social responsibility.That we should do some voluntary work.“It”refers to?It”refers to?Replace“it“!Replace“it“!That we should do some voluntary work is our social responsibility

2、.宾语宾语宾语从句宾语从句 充当主语充当主语 subject主语从句主语从句Develop itDevelop itIts our social responsibility that we should do some voluntary work.形式主语形式主语 Our social responsibility is _ we should do some voluntary work.Our social responsibility _ we should do some voluntary work is necessary.thatthat表语从句表语从句 同位语从句同位语从句

3、 oluntary名词性从句名词性从句 Noun clause名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.is important.表语表语This is his job.This is What he doeswhat he does every day辨别下列名词性从句的类别：1.How the book will sell depends on its author.2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.3.The fact is that

4、he has not been seen recently.4.The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S.6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句主语从句名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为名词从句又可分别称为主语从句

5、、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和和和和同位语从句。同位语从句。同位语从句。同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：连接词：that,whether,if连接代词：连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：连接副词：when,where,how,why1。that只只起起连连接接主主句句和和从从句句的的作作用用，在在从从句句中中不不担担任任任任何何成成分分，本身也没有词义，本身也没有词义，宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句

6、宾语从句中可省略中可省略2。引导主语从句、引导主语从句、表语从句表语从句表语从句表语从句和同位语从句和同位语从句,that不可省略。不可省略。1.That he will succeed is certain.2.Whether he will go there is not known.3.What he said is not true.4.Where he hid the money is to be found out.5.Whoever comes is welcome.Underline the subject 一主语从句一主语从句 主主语语从从句句是是在在复复合合句句中中充充当当

7、主主语语的的从从句句，通通常常放放在在主主句句谓谓语语动动词词之之前前或或由由形形式式主主语语itit代代替替，而而本本身身放放在句子末尾。在句子末尾。1.It 1.It 1.It 1.It 作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语作形式主语 It 作作形形式式主主语语代代替替主主语语从从句句，主主要要是是为为了了平平衡衡句句子子结结构构，主主语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：语从句的连接词没有变化。例如：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.1 That

8、 he will succeed is certain2 Whether he will go there is not known3 When they will start the project has not been decided yet1 It is certain that he will succeed2 It is not known whether he will go there3 It has not been decided yet when they will start the project改成改成it作形式主语结构作形式主语结构2.2.2.2.用用用用it

9、it it it 作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构作形式主语的结构(1)It is 名词名词 从句从句 It is a fact that 事实是事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识是常识(2)It is 形容词形容词 从句从句 It is natural that 很自然很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是奇怪的是(3)It 不及物动词不及物动词 从句从句 It occurs to sb that 某人突然想起某人突然想起 It seems that 似乎似乎 It

10、happened that 碰巧碰巧 It appears that 似乎似乎(4)It is 过去分词过去分词 从句从句 It is reported that 据报道据报道 It has been proved that 已证实已证实 It is said that 据说据说 4.what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的区别在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引引导导主主语语从从句句时时在在句句时时在在从从句句中中充充当当句句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。则不然。1)What you said yesterday is right.2)That sh

11、e is still alive is a surprise.3)What I want to know is this.4)That he can take good care of himself is quite certain.注注意意由由What引引导导的的主主语语从从句句不不能能构构成成It iswhat的句式。如的句式。如 It is right what he said.二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句二宾语从句 宾宾语语从从句句就就是是在在复复合合句句中中作作宾宾语语的的名名词词性性从从句句，通通常常放放在在主句谓语动词主句谓语动词(及物动词及物动词)或介词之后。或介词之后。1

12、.作动词的宾语作动词的宾语 (1)由由that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略通常可以省略),例如：例如：I heard that he joined the army.(2)由由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句，例如：引导的宾语从句，例如：She did not know what had happened.I wonder whether you can change this note for me.(3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如：She told me that she would accept my invitation

13、.2.作介词的宾语，作介词的宾语，例如：例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate(合作）合作）with one another.3.作形容词的宾语，作形容词的宾语，例如：例如：I am afraid(that)Ive made a mistake.I am sure (that)he will win the game.4.it 可以作为形式宾语可以作为形式宾语 it 不不仅仅可可以以作作为为形形式式主主语语，还还可可以以作作为为形形式式宾宾语语而而真真正正的的宾宾语语that 从从句句则则放放在在句句尾尾，特特别别是是在在带带

14、复复合合宾宾语语的的句句子子中中。例如：例如：We thought it good news that the fog had finally gone.5.否定的转移否定的转移 若若主主句句谓谓语语动动词词为为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等等，其其后后的的宾宾语语从从句句若若含含有有否否定定意意义义，一一般般要要把把否否定定词词转转移移到到主主句句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：_我认为这件衣我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。服不适合你穿。I dont think the dress

15、 fits you well 三表语从句三表语从句 表表语语从从句句在在复复合合句句中中作作表表语语的的名名词词性性从从句句，放放在在系系动动词词之之后后，一一般般结结构构是是“主主语语连连系系动动词词表表语语从从句句”。可可以以接接表表语语从从句句的的连连系系动动词词有有be,look,remain,seem等等。另另外外，常常用用的的还还有有the reason is that;It is because 和和This is why等结构。例如：等结构。例如：1)The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short t

16、ime.2)This is _ we cant get the support of the people.3)But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes.4)The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus.whether/howwhythatwhythat 四同位语从句四同位语从句1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句的功能 同同位位语语从从句句对对于于名名词词进进一一步步解解释释，说说明明名名词词的的具具体体内内容容，一一般般由由that引引导导，前前面

17、面名名词词通通常常是是 decision order,fact,news,idea,opinion 例例如：如：1)The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.2)The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。同位语从句就是在

18、复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语在句子中的位置 同同位位语语从从句句有有时时可可以以不不紧紧跟跟在在它它所所说说明明的的名名词词后后面面，而而是是被被别别的词隔开。例如：的词隔开。例如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定定语语从从句句中中的的that既既代代替替先先行行词词，同同时时以以在在从从句句中中作作某某个个成成分分（主主语语或或宾宾语语），而而同同位位语语从从句句中中的的that是是连连词词，只起连接

19、主句与从句的作用，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。不充当句中任何成分。(2)定定语语从从句句是是形形容容词词性性的的，其其功功能能是是修修饰饰先先行行词词，对对先先行行词词加加以以限限定定，描描述述它它的的性性质质或或特特征征；同同位位语语从从句句是是名名词词性的，其功能是性的，其功能是对名词进行具体内容的补充说明对名词进行具体内容的补充说明。例如：。例如：1)The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他他告告诉诉我我的的消消息息是是汤汤姆姆明明年年将将出出国国。）（第第一一个个that引导的从

20、句是定语从句，引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）在从句中作宾语）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（汤汤姆姆将将出出国国的的消消息息是是他他讲讲的的。）（同同位位语语从从句句，that在在句句中中不不作作任何成分）任何成分）（I）试比较下面两个例句）试比较下面两个例句:1.The suggestion that he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion that the students should have plenty of exercise

21、 is very good.（that引导定语从句引导定语从句,作宾语作宾语,可以省略）可以省略）（that引引导导同同位位语语从从句句,在在从从句句中中不不担担当任何成分，但不可以省略）当任何成分，但不可以省略）辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句1.We heard the news that our team had won.2.We must face the fact that we had spent all our money.3.The news that he told me yesterday was false.4.I have no

22、doubt that he will come soon.5.The fact is that we have spent all our money.同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从同位语从句句表语从句表语从句翻译以下句子，并指出带下划线的从句属于名词性从句中的哪一种。1.What he wants is a book.2.It is so nice that we can learn this grammar point together.3.Im so glad that I can make friends with you.4.This is why

23、he did it.5.Do you agree to the suggestion that we(should)have a trip in Tibet?6.That he wants a book is certain.7.I suggested just now we(should)take part in this activity.8.Whether you like him or not doesnt matter too much.9.He doesnt know whether you can sing it well.10.The problem is whether yo

24、u can sing it well.11.The problem whether it is right or wrong has not been decided.12.Please tell me who your monitor is.主语从句主语从句主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句考点考点 在下列情况下，在下列情况下，在下列情况下，在下列情况下，whetherwhether 不能被不能被不能被不能被 if if 所取代：所取代：所取代：所取代：1.主语从句主语从句Whether he will come is unknown.2.表

25、语从句，如：表语从句，如：The question is whether you should accept it.3.同位语从句，如：同位语从句，如：The question whether hell attend the meeting is not decided.4.从句作介词的宾语从句作介词的宾语，如：，如：Im not interested in whether theyll go or not.6.直接跟不定式连用直接跟不定式连用，如：，如：She hasnt decided whether to go or not.It depends on whether or not we

26、 have got enough money.5.有有or not 紧跟其后的紧跟其后的用if 或whether 填空1.I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow.2.I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow.3.The question is _ this book is worth writing.4.It depends on _ we will have enough money.5._ they can do it matters little to us.6._ you are not free tomorrow

27、,Ill go without you.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIf 考点考点 主谓一致问题主谓一致问题何时开会还没有决定何时开会还没有决定。When the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。When the person was murdered and why he was murdered_(is/are)still unknown.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般一般

28、用用_形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用从句作主语，谓语动词则用_形式。由形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用动词用_形式。形式。总结归总结归纳：纳：单数单数复数复数hasWhen they will start and where they will go_(have)still unknown.何时何地开会还没有决定何时何地开会还没有决定。When and where the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.havehas

29、单数单数名词性从句在句中要用名词性从句在句中要用_语序语序,从句从句的引导词必须始终置于的引导词必须始终置于_考点语序问题考点语序问题 1.No one can be sure _ in a million years.A.what will man look likeB.what man will look likeC.man will look like what D.what look will man like陈述陈述总结归总结归纳纳：2.You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how

30、they were excited B.how excited they wereC.how excited were they D.they were how excited 句首句首考点考点 时态问题时态问题2.Our physics teacher once told us that light _（travel）faster than sound.travels总结归总结归纳：纳：3)主句的动词用主句的动词用一般现在时一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需要选用从句谓语可根据需要选用各种各种时态时态1.He said that he will go to the station.(改错）改错）.

31、3.Tom says that Mary _(go)abroad last year and _(be)there for nearly 5 months.1 1）主句的动词用）主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句谓语动词用从句谓语动词用过去过去的某种时态的某种时态2 2）主句的动词用主句的动词用过去过去时，时，从句表示从句表示客观事实，格言，谚语客观事实，格言，谚语等等，从句谓从句谓语动词语动词用用一般现在时一般现在时wenthas beenwould I suggest that she (shoul)do her work alone.The commander insisted that

32、troops(should)set off at once.但但suggest意为意为“表明，暗示表明，暗示”等时；等时；insist 为为“坚持主张，坚持主张，坚持认为坚持认为”等时，应用陈述语气：等时，应用陈述语气：His expression sgguested that he disagreed with me.The doctor insisted the his treatment was right.在宾语从句中，在宾语从句中，表建议，命令，坚持，要求表建议，命令，坚持，要求command,order,suggest,advise,insist,desire(请求）请求）,dem

33、and,beg,require,request，propose 等动词如果等动词如果后面加上宾语从句的话后面加上宾语从句的话,从句谓语部分必须用（从句谓语部分必须用（should）do考点语气考点语气在主语从句中在主语从句中 it is+necessary(important,natrural,strange,essentail,etc）+that it is+a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc)+thatit is+suggested(requested,proprosed,desired,ect)+that如：It is strange that she(should

34、)think so 在同位语从句和表语从句中，名称是表示在同位语从句和表语从句中，名称是表示“建议，建议，请求，要求，命令请求，要求，命令”等的从句用虚拟语气，如等的从句用虚拟语气，如：His suggestion is that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the question.His suggestion that we(should)hold another meeting to discuss the question is surpported by us.1.It is important that _ our educa

35、tion in all available ways.A.we must develop B.we shall develop C.we would develop D.we should develop2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week.A.we got everything ready B.we have got everything ready C.We get everything ready D.we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _.A.my picture

36、s would surprise them B.my pictures surprised them C.my pictures should surprise them D.my pictures would have surprised them4.I wonder _.A.whether or not Ill catch the last bus B.if or not Ill catch the last bus C.that Ill catch the last bus or not D.that Ill catch the last busPractice1.what/thata.

37、_ he said at the meeting surprised us.b._ he spoke（发言）（发言）at the meeting surprised us.2.if/whether _you go or stay at home wont make any differences.3.What a pity _is _you didnt arrive by daylight！A.there,because B.it,that C.he,when D.that,for4.We are ready to do _ the country wants us to do.A.what

38、B.which C.no matter what D.whatever WhatThatWhetherBD5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson.A.so B.such C.it D.that6.I took _ for granted（想当然）（想当然）that they were not coming.A.that B.this C.it D.so7.I heard _ said that he had great concern（关心）（关心）for his classmates.A.and B.that C.was

39、 D.it8.I wish I _ to the football match last night.A.went B.go C.should go D.had gone综合运用：综合运用：1.The earth is round,_ is known to everybody.as/which2._ is known to everybody,the earth is round.As3._ the earth is round is known to everybody.That4._ is known to everybody that the earth is round.It5.Everybody knows _ the earth is round.that6._ surprised us very much that our teacher left without a word.It7._ surprised us very much was that our teacher left without a word.What