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1、宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。一、引导词1.that 本身无意义,只起连接作用,口语中可省略。例句:He said(that)Kate was good at swimming.他说凯特擅长游泳。2.what,which,who,whose,whom等连接词 在从句中做一定成分,如主语、宾语、定语等。例句:I dont know what they are going to do.我不知道他们打算干什么。He asked me whose the book was.他问我这是这的书。3.when(表时间),where(表地点),why(表原因),how(表方式)等连接副词 在从句
2、中做状语例句:Could you tell me where you are from?你能告诉我你来自哪吗?Do you know how they found the place?你知道他们是怎么找到这个地方的吗?4.if/whether 意为“是否”,不作句子成分,但不能省略。例句:He asked me if Miss Gao was a teacher.他问我高小姐是否是一位老师。Teachers were asking me whether I had gone there or not at that time.那时老师们在问我是否我曾经去过那里。二、主句与从句时态一致的问题1.
3、如果主句是现在的某种时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时),那么宾语从句的时态可根据情况而定。如:I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。He has told me that hell leave for New York tomorrow.他已经告诉我明天他就动身去纽约了。2.如果主句是过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时),那么宾语从句一般要用过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)。如:He told me that he would take part in the high j
4、ump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,即便主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。如:He told me that the earth is round.(真理)他告诉我地球是圆的。关于时态问题总结1.主句谓语过去时,从句相应过去时;2.主句谓语现在时,从句时态任所需;3.具体过去永不变,真理格言现在时;三、宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。在把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时,要特别注意从句的语序,即按照主语、谓语的顺序。如:Whats Kates e-mail address?Do you know?=Do you know wha
5、ts Kates e-mail address is?你知道凯特的电子邮件地址么?He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.()He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.()四、宾语从句的连接词1.当宾语从句是陈述句时,用that引导。如:“She is a good girl,”the teacher told us.=The teacher told us(that)she was a good girl.注意!引导词that用于下列情况时不可省略:(1)当宾
6、语从句的主语是that时。如:He says that that is a useful book.他说那是一本有用的书。(2)当宾语从句中含有主从复合句时。如:Im afraid that if youve lost it,you must pay for it.我恐怕如果你丢了它,你必须赔偿。(3)当两个或多个宾语从句由并列连词连接时,除第一个从句中的that可以省略外,其余从句中的that都不可以省略。如:He said(that)the film was very interesting and that he enjoyed seeing it very much.他说这部电影非常有
7、趣,并且他非常喜欢看。2.含疑问语气的句子构成宾语从句时用whether或if连接,句尾的标点符号取决于主句。如:Are you from Japan?He ask me.=He asked me if/whether I was from Japan.他问我是不是来自日本。Do you like watching TV?He ask me.=He asked me if/whether I like watching TV.他问我是否喜欢看电视。3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,连接词就用原来的疑问词,但一定要注意用陈述句语序。如:When did he leave for Japan?Coul
8、d you tell me?=Could you tell me when he left for Japan?你能告诉我他什么时候去的日本吗?五、否定转移在主从复合句中,当主句的主语为第一人称,谓语动词是think,believe,suppose等时,要将从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:I dont think he will come with you.我认为他不会和你一起来。六、宾语从句的简化1.当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且主句的谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,agree,choose等时,从句可简化为不定式结构。如:I
9、 hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive your e-mail.我希望收到你的电子邮件。2.当宾语从句的主语和主句相同,且主语的谓语动词是know,remember,forget,learn 等时,从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:She doesnt know what she should do next.=She doesnt know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。3.动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式(短语)来简化,但句型要有适当的变化。通常将宾语从句的主语作为简化的句子的主语,seem(适当时态形式)作谓语。如:It seems that football is very interesting.=Football seems to be very interesting.足球似乎非常有趣。4.宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。如:I dont believe what Tom said.=I dont believe Toms words.我不相信汤姆说的话。
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