初中英语阅读理解解题技巧.ppt

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1、Reading Comprehension 1.Tolearnthefourtypesofquestionsinreadingcomprehension2.Tolearntheskills,methodsandstepstodoreadingcomprehension.3.Toimprovetheabilitiesofreadingcomprehension.Learning aims 预学探标预学探标Pre-task (Check preview work)1.Whendid“colorfulcutting”turnpopulardecorationartinYangzhou?A.Inthe

2、SuiDynastyB.IntheTangDynastyC.IntheQingDynastyD.AfterthefoundingofPRC.2.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedworldinparagraph2?A.开花开花B.繁茂繁茂C.凋谢凋谢D.发芽发芽3.Fromthepassageweknow_helpedthedevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cutting.A.thedevelopmentofpaper-makingindustryB.theprosperityofeconomyC.Chinesegovernmentshighval

3、ue（重视）（重视）D.Alltheabove4.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdopeoplemakepaper-cuttingB.ThewaytocutpaperC.ThehistoryanddevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cuttingD.TheimportanceofYangzhoupaper-cutting预学探标预学探标Pre-task (Check preview work)1.Whendid“colorfulcutting”turnpopulardecorationartinYangzhou?A.IntheSuiDyn

4、astyB.IntheTangDynastyC.IntheQingDynastyD.AfterthefoundingofPRC.2.Whatsthemeaningoftheunderlinedworldinparagraph2?A.开花开花B.繁茂繁茂C.凋谢凋谢D.发芽发芽3.Fromthepassageweknow_helpedthedevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cutting.A.thedevelopmentofpaper-makingindustryB.theprosperityofeconomyC.Chinesegovernmentshighvalue（重视）

5、（重视）D.Alltheabove4.Whatsthemainideaofthepassage?A.Howdopeoplemakepaper-cuttingB.ThewaytocutpaperC.ThehistoryanddevelopmentofYangzhoupaper-cuttingD.TheimportanceofYangzhoupaper-cutting 词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meanings 推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a conclusion 主旨大意题主旨大意题 Finding out main ideas 细节理解题细节理解题 Looking

6、for details1细节理解题此类考题一般在文章中都能找到相对应的答案。主要提问方式有：(1)Which of the following is TRUE(NOT true)?(2)Which of the following is not mentioned?(3)From the first(second/third.)paragraph we know that_.Task1 looking for details（细节理解）（细节理解）互学析标互学析标While-Task Last weekend,the four members of my family spent Last w

7、eekend,the four members of my family spent an enjoyable holiday at the Magic Kingdom-Disneyland.an enjoyable holiday at the Magic Kingdom-Disneyland.And one event made our visit seem truly magical.And one event made our visit seem truly magical.We got to the front of the line at Space We got to the

8、front of the line at Space Mountain,only to find out that our little daughter Mountain,only to find out that our little daughter Gloria couldnt take her ice-cream on the ride.We were Gloria couldnt take her ice-cream on the ride.We were so excited that we all forgot ice-cream was not allowed so exci

9、ted that we all forgot ice-cream was not allowed on the ride.on the ride.1 1.The familys visit to the Magic Kingdom was_.The familys visit to the Magic Kingdom was_.A)helpful B)awful C)frightening D)amazingA)helpful B)awful C)frightening D)amazing2 2.Before the ride,Gloria cried because _.Before the

10、 ride,Gloria cried because _.A)she couldnt find her parents in the line A)she couldnt find her parents in the line B)she was too little to take the ride B)she was too little to take the ride C)she couldnt take her ice-cream on the ride C)she couldnt take her ice-cream on the ride D)she had to wait f

11、or twenty minutes D)she had to wait for twenty minutes 技巧点拨：这类题目有两个特点：(1)凡是针对特定细节的考题，其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到对应的文字部分作为验证。这一部分可能是一个词或短语，也可能是一个句子或相关的若干句子，但句式、用词和表达方式与题设不同。(2)干扰项往往是真假细节混杂，甚至相关细节和无关细节混杂。解答此类试题，首先要弄清题目和每个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示。当答案难以确定时，还可辅以排除法。例例:79.No one wants to listen

12、 to_ from othersMP3 players.A)aloudsoundB)sadstoriesC)alongmovieD)thewordsofasong解析:第二段倒数第三行“Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalso be badforyourears”，可以得出答案，选择A 80.Weshouldturndownthemusicwhenwearealonebecauseloudmusic.A)isnotenjoyable B)makesustired C)isbadforMP3players D)hurtsourears解析】根据

13、第二段倒数第一行“Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldnthaveitturneduptoohigh”得出结论，选择D82.Wecantakeonceearphoneoutwhenwe_A)showothersthewayB)talktofriendsonthephoneC)watchasportingeventD)havedinnerwithourparents解析】根据第四段的介绍我们可以排除C项和D项，A和B在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的

14、是“answerthetelephone”这一短暂的动作，而B项是与朋友在“telephone”中聊天，是个延续性的动作，故选择A1.On February 9th,2013,Sarah Darling was walking along the street when she met a homeless man named Billy Ray Harris.She reached into her change purse,emptied out of all the coins he had and gave them to the homeless man Sarah didnt re

15、alize that she had given Billy not only all her change but also her diamond ring that she had put in her change purse until the following morning When did Sarah realize that she had also given Billy her diamond ring?A.On February 9th,2013 B.On February 10th,2013 C.On February 18th,2013 D.On February

16、 22nd,2013互学析标互学析标While-Task 常见提问方式有：1.The word in the passage means2.Whats the meaning of the underlined word?3.What does the underlined word mean?Task2 Guessing the meaning(词义猜猜测)互学析标互学析标While-Task 2.词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meanings 1.细节理解题细节理解题 Looking for details 3.推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a conclusion

17、4.主旨大意题主旨大意题 finding out main ideas 2词义猜测题此类考题要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。主要提问方式有：(1)The underlined word“.”in the passage(most probably)means _.(2)The underlined word in the first (second/third.)paragraph refers to _.(3)What does the underlined word“.”mean?技巧点拨：常见的猜词方法有：(1)通过定义、释义猜测词义(3)通过生活常识猜测词义如：Li

18、sa let the hairdresser“trim”her hair a bit because it grew too long.根据 because 从句所讲的意思，我们可推测 trim 就是之意。(5)通过构词法猜测词义根据学过的构词法知识，知道词根和前缀或后缀的意义，就可猜出由它们组成的新词词义。如：The journey to Hawaii this summer is“unforgettable.利用构词法常识和我们已熟悉的词 forget，我们可以知道unforgettable 就是 的意思。修剪修剪难以忘怀的难以忘怀的A,胸无点墨的 B,毫无兴趣的 C,寡言少语的 D，无话

19、可说的A,陌生人 B,行人 C,故人 D,古代人(6)根据列举的事例猜测词义1.Alotoftheworldsnaturalresourceslikeoilcomefrompoorcountries.A.环环境境B.资资源源C.汽油汽油2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.1.A.帽子帽子B.雨鞋雨鞋C.眼眼镜镜3.Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwasfaint.A.明亮明亮B.昏暗昏暗C.灿烂灿烂1.4.Tomisverypolite,buthisbrotherisquiterash.A.礼貌礼貌B.谦谦虚虚C

20、.粗粗鲁鲁Have a try:choose the best answers 互学析标互学析标While-Task Example:TodaywasaveryhecticdayformeIwokeuplate，hurriedtotheoffice，workeduntilfour，wenttothestore，cookeddinnerandwashedclothesIdidsomanythingsthatIwascertainlyverytiredA.焦急的焦急的B.忙碌的忙碌的C.悠悠闲闲的的D.快快乐乐的的Task2 Guessing the meaning(词义猜猜测)互学析标互学析标W

21、hile-Task I spent about one hour walking around the city to look for Bus No.32.The tricycle(三轮车)was nice,but it was a little too expensive for a small distance.Maybe I was ripped off by the guide who rode for me,but it was an enjoyable.The underlined phrase“ripped off”means_ A.优惠 B.退款 C.骗钱 D.免费 互学析标

22、互学析标While-Task Task3 Inferring a conclusion（推理判断）（推理判断）互学析标互学析标While-Task 2.词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meanings 1.细节理解题细节理解题 Looking for details 3.推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a conclusion 4.主旨大意题主旨大意题 finding out main ideas 3推理判断题这类题要求考生透过表面文字信息推测文字的隐含意思，对文章的发展情节及作者态度、意图等作出合乎逻辑的推理判断。它主要考查考生依据图表、短文内容及常识进行推理和判断的能力。

23、主要提问方式有：(1)What can we know according to the passage?(2)We can guess the writer of the passage may be a_.(3)From the passage we can know _.(4)The writer writes this passage to _.(5)The writer suggests that _.技巧点拨：解答此类题目时，考生要在阅读时抓住文章的主题和细节，从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义，对暗含在文章中的事件的因果关系、人物动机以及作者未言明

24、的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时，要善于抓住文章中实质性的东西，不要被表面的假象或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并注意在推断作者态度时力求从作者的观点去思考，切勿凭个人观点、习惯看法来选择答案。在一个寒冷冬天的夜晚，天气冷得让人不想出在一个寒冷冬天的夜晚，天气冷得让人不想出门，见习警员走在大街上，突然听到一个女子大门，见习警员走在大街上，突然听到一个女子大喊：喊：“有人打劫啦有人打劫啦!”!”见习警员刚一回身，就见一个黑影朝着远处逃见习警员刚一回身，就见一个黑影朝着远处逃离，他立刻追了上去，但是这贼跑得飞快，警员离，他立刻追了上去，但是这贼跑得飞快，警员追了八条街之后没影了

25、。追了八条街之后没影了。后来警员在一家商铺前看到了四个人，根据调后来警员在一家商铺前看到了四个人，根据调查，犯人就在这四人当中，请你猜一猜谁是？查，犯人就在这四人当中，请你猜一猜谁是？A,A,正在闲暇百无聊赖抽烟的人正在闲暇百无聊赖抽烟的人B,B,正在手机通话的人正在手机通话的人C,C,正在聚精会神看报纸的人正在聚精会神看报纸的人D,D,正在狼吞虎咽吃拉面的人正在狼吞虎咽吃拉面的人D D 你能列举一些常见的提问方式吗？1)It can be inferred from the passage that_.2)We can infer from the text that_.3)From the

26、 text we know that _.4)What does the writer mean?5)What does the story tell us?Task3 Inferring a conclusion（推理判断）（推理判断）互学析标互学析标While-Task Group work A,cruellyB,kindlyC,fairlyD,unfriendlyA,positive(A,positive(肯定的）肯定的）B,neutral B,neutral（中立（中立的）的）C,negativeC,negative（否定的）（否定的）D,nervous D,nervous（紧张的）（

27、紧张的）此类问题常见的提问方式 1)Which is the best title of the passage?2)This passage mainly talks about_.3)Whats the main idea of the paragraph or passage?2.词义猜测题词义猜测题 Guessing meanings 1.细节理解题细节理解题 Looking for details 3.推理判断题推理判断题 Inferring a conclusion 4.主旨大意题主旨大意题 Finding out main ideas Task4:Finding out the

28、main idea(主旨大意主旨大意)互学析标互学析标While-Task 4主旨大意题此类考题多针对段落或短文的主题或标题来设题。主要提问方式有：(1)Which is the best title of the passage?(2)Whats the main idea of the passage?(3)This passage mainly talks about _.主题句一般具有三个特点：(1)表述的意思比较概括，相对其他句子来看，它的概括性更为明显。(2)句子结构比较简单，多数都不会采用长、难句的形式。(3)段落中的其他句子起到解释支撑主题句的作用。在一篇短文或一个段落中，大部

29、分主题句的出现情况有以下三种：(1)主题句在篇首或段首主题句在篇首或段首的情况相当普遍。一般新闻报道、说明文、议论文大都采用先总述后分述的方法。(2)主题句在篇末或段末用归纳法写文章时，往往表述细节的句子在前，概括性的句子在后，并以此结尾。这种位于篇末或段末的主题句往往是对前面细节的总结、归纳或概括。(3)无主题句 有时，一篇文章里并没有明显的主题句，需从文章出提炼、总结出文章的主题。常用技巧是首先找出每一段的中心意思。各段的中心意思往往都是围绕一个中心来展开的，或者是来说明一个问题的，这个中心或问题就是这篇文章的主题或中心意思。Example 1 Smoking is harmful to

30、your health.Experiments show that smoking can cause cancer.Besides the most serious illness,smoking can also cause other health problems.Finally,studies have shown it is easy for smokers to catch colds.Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible cancer,smoking is harmful.Is it worth it?Task4:fin

31、ding out the main idea(主旨大意主旨大意)互学析标互学析标While-Task Example 2 Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to ju

32、dge a person only by his appearance.Task4:finding out the main idea(主旨大意主旨大意)互学析标互学析标While-Task Task4:finding out the main idea(主旨大意主旨大意)互学析标互学析标While-Task A A,1.Gifts giving is different in different countries.In Japan,gifts are not opened.Later,the same gift may be given away to someone else.In Ca

33、nada,many people will not give big gifts to someone else.They will pay for a park bench or a tree to help remember a person.In the USA,some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than buy them gifts.In Sweden,doing something for someone is the best gift.互学析标互学析标While-T

34、ask Thispassageismainlyabout_A.InCanada,manypeoplewillnotgivebiggiftstosomeoneelse.B.InJapan,giftsarenotopenedC.InSweden,doingsomethingforsomeoneisthebestgift.D.Giftsgivingisdifferentindifferentcountries.互学析标互学析标While-Task 2.Growing mushrooms(蘑菇)is probably the easiest thing you can do even if you a

35、re new to mushroom growing.It is becoming more common because restaurants are starting to create more dishes that include mushrooms.Mushroom growing is not difficult and it is easy to started in the world of farming.You will soon possibly be able to provide some of the great cooks of the world with

36、high quality mushrooms that will be enjoyed by thousands of people all over the world.The best title of the passage is _A.Healthy mushrooms B.The value of mushroomsC.How to choose mushrooms D.Suggestions on growing mushrooms 1.速读速读问题问题3.通读通读文章文章2.寻找答案寻找答案逆向解题法逆向解题法4.核对答案核对答案1.通读通读文章文章3.寻找答案寻找答案2.速读速

37、读问题问题4.核对答案核对答案正向解题法正向解题法促学化标促学化标While-Task Discussion:Do you know the steps to do reading comprehension?促学化标促学化标While-Task AnAustralia16-year-oldgirl,Jessicatookoffonhernon-stoptriparoundtheworld,onOctober18,2009.Jessicawasallaloneonheryacht(快艇快艇).Shehadtofightagainststrongwinds,wavesashighasmounta

38、ins,andloneliness,inordertoproveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreams,whatevertheymightbe.Jessicasailedaroundtheworldinorderto_A.writeabookaboutherselfB.becomerichandfamousC.wintheworldsadmirationD.proveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreams促学化标促学化标While-Task AnAustralia16-year-oldgirl,Jessicatookoffonhernon-s

39、toptriparoundtheworld,onOctober18,2009.Jessicawasallaloneonheryacht(快艇快艇).Shehadtofightagainststrongwinds,wavesashighasmountains,andloneliness,inordertoproveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreams,whatevertheymightbe.Jessicasailedaroundtheworldinorderto_A.writeabookaboutherselfB.becomerichandfamousC.winthe

40、worldsadmirationD.proveyoungpeoplecanrealizetheirdreamsA Youprobablyknowyoushouldsaypleaseandthankyouatrestaurants.Youprobablyknowtherulesofalibrary.Youknowyoushouldrespectandbenicetoyourclassmates.Butdoyouhavemusicmanners?KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsolou

41、dthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecanthearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldnthaveitturnedup

42、toohigh.TakeThemOff!Youneedtoknowwhentoturn yourMP3playeroffandputitaway.LibrariesandschoolsdontallowMP3players.Thereareotherplaces,likemuseums,thatdonthaverules,butitwouldberudetohaveyourMP3playeron.Sometimes,itjustdoesntmakesensetolistenyourMP3playeratevent.Whywouldyoulistentomusicataplay,amovieor

43、asportingevent?Youwouldmisswhatisgoingonandotherswouldwonderwhyyouevencame.TakeOneOut!Onceinawhileitsokayjusttotakeoutoneearphone.ImagineyouarelisteningonyourMP3playerwhensomeoneasksyoutheway.Itwouldnotberudetotakeoutoneearphone,tellhimtheway,andputbacktheearphoneandcontinuelistening.Youcanalsodothiswhenyouorderfoodatafast-foodrestaurantorwhenyouanswerthetelephoneanditsnotforyou.ItsYourChoice!Therearetimeswhenyouneedtodecidewhatisbest.Forexample,somepeoplecanlistentomusicontheirMP3playerswhenreadbooks,whileothersthinkitisdisturbing.Incaseslikethis,youneed10dowhatseemsrightforyou.