句的五种基本句型.ppt

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1、英语的基本句型 1.主语主语(Subject)表示句子说的是表示句子说的是“什么人什么人”或或“什么事什么事”。通常由名词、代词、主语从句或通常由名词、代词、主语从句或doing短语等充当。短语等充当。例如：例如：1.My teacher hates telling lies.（指老师这个（指老师这个人）人）2.Great changes have taken place in China in the past thirty years.所发生的事情所发生的事情 变化）变化）2.谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语说明主语“做什么做什么”“是什么是什么”或或“怎么样怎么样”。通常由动词或动

2、词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。通常由动词或动词短语结合时态、语态、语气等充当。要弄清两个概念：要弄清两个概念：及物动词：后面直接接宾语的动词；及物动词：后面直接接宾语的动词；不及物动词：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。不及物动词：后面不能直接接宾语的动词。例如：例如：1.Children like playing games.2.They were talking about a new film.3.宾语宾语(Object)常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。常指及物动词或介词后面使之意思完整的词或短语。常由名词、代词、动词不定式或常由名词、代词、动词不定式或doing短语等充当。短

3、语等充当。例如：例如：1.She has finished doing the experiment.2.We like English and are good at it.4.表语表语(Predicative)与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。与系动词连用，一起构成谓语，说明主语的性质特征等。常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、短语或从句等充当。英语中常见的连系动词有英语中常见的连系动词有:look;sound;feel;seem等。等。例如：例如：1.Her grandfather is an engineer.2.The two

4、 countries were at war then.3.The fact seems that he didnt notice the car.5.定语定语(Attributive)常指修饰名词的词或短语。常指修饰名词的词或短语。常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、常由形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。例如：例如：1.The black sweater is mine.2.We have eight classes every day.3.The coffee cup on the table

5、 is mine.6.状语状语(Adverbial)常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时常指修饰动词、形容词或副词的成分，修饰动词时表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰表示动作发生的时间、地点、目的或方式等；修饰形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、形容词或副词时表示它们的程度等。状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。例如：例如：1.The miners work very hard.2.She often helps Mike at school.3.Hearing the news,he couldnt help

6、jumping.7.宾语补足语宾语补足语(Object Complement)常指补充说明宾语的成分，逻辑上与宾语是常指补充说明宾语的成分，逻辑上与宾语是“主谓主谓”关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式关系。常由形容词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词短语等充当。或分词短语等充当。例如：例如：1.She keeps the house clean every day.2.Nobody calls me a liar.3.We last saw him playing on the playground.五种基本句型1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词 Everybody smiled.2

7、.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语He knows everything.3.主语主语+双宾动词双宾动词+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语I showed him my passport.4.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语The boy looks healthy.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补语宾语补语What made you angry?祈使句的主语一般都省略掉祈使句的主语一般都省略掉一主语+不及物动词1.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词Thesunisrising.Itwillsnow.Canyoufly?2.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+状语状语Didyou

8、sleepwell?Sheoftendreams.YougofirstandIwillfollowbehind.3.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词+副词副词(构成成语动词构成成语动词)Theenginebrokedown.Howdidtheaccidentcomeabout?Thebombblewup.4.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词(有被动意思有被动意思)Isthebooksellingwell?Doesthisclothwashwell?二主语+及物动词+宾语1.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+名词名词(代词代词)Doyouknowthem?Helovedice-cream.2.主语主语+及

9、物动词及物动词+反身代词反身代词NowIwillintroducemyself.Theyblamedthemselvesfortheaccident.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+不定式不定式(做宾语做宾语)Wecantaffordtopaysuchaprice.Youmusttrytoimprove.Heforgotwhichwaytogo.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+doing(做宾语做宾语)Wouldyoumindwaitingforafewminutes?Ipreferstanding.Iproposerestingforhalfanhour.5.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+从句

10、从句(做宾语做宾语)Heclaimedthathesawtheaccident.Isuggested(that)we(should)leaveearly.DoyouseewhyIdidit?Sheaskedifshemightcallandseeme.IlldowhatIcan.Idontrememberwhenthathappened.三主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语1.主语主语+双宾动词双宾动词+人人+物物Shegavemehertelephonenumber.(to)Illmakeyousomefreshtea.(for)Theyboughthimanewbike.2.主语主语+双宾

11、动词双宾动词+人人+从句从句Ihavewarnedhimthatitisnotallowed.Sheshowedmewhereherleghurt.Tellmewhateveryouknowaboutit.间接宾语前需要加间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：的常用动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,sell,send,show,teach,tell,wish,read,write等。间接宾语前需要加间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：的常用动词有：buy,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，choose,sing,等。1.感官类：f

12、eel,look,sound,taste,smell.2.变化类：grow,become,turn,get,go3.其他类：cometrue,fallill,staycalm,keepfit,remainseated,standstillseemsad,appearrich,proveuseful四主语+系动词+表语1.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词Howareyou?Imfine.Hehasfallenill.Theykeptsilent.2.主语主语+系动词系动词+名词名词Hisdreamhasatlastbecomeareality.Heappearedafool.Itsounds

13、agoodidea.3.主语主语+系动词系动词+副词副词IsHelenin?Summerisover.Thelightison.4.主语主语+系动词系动词+介词短语介词短语Youknowwhatyouareafter.Keepoffthegrass.Thestudentsareinfavourofreform.5.主语主语+系动词系动词+不定式不定式Hisplanistokeepitsecret.Theonlythingnowistotakeataxi.6.主语主语+系动词系动词+doingMyjobisrepairingcars.Talkingtohimistalkingtoawall.Hi

14、shobbyisplayingchess.7.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语从句从句Myopinionisthattheplanwontwork.Thequestioniswhatyouwanttodo.Thatswherewediffer.ThatshowIlookatit.Theproblemiswhocanbeputincharge.8.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+介词短语介词短语Sheisfondofthiscountry.Iwassickoflyinginbed.Theyseemdelightedwiththeresult.9.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+不定式

15、不定式（原因状语）（原因状语）Imhappytomeetyou.Shewaseagertoseeherpeople.10.主语主语+系动词系动词+形容词形容词+宾语宾语从句从句Imgladyouhavecome.Werenotclearwhattheyreupto.Iamnotcertainwhoheis.Hesdoubtfulwhetherhecanaffordit.五.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补1.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+形容词形容词Ithoughthersoniceandsincere.Theydidntbelievesuchathingpossible.Youmustma

16、ketheclassroomclean.2.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+名词名词TheycalledtheirdaughterMary.WeelectedSmithourchairman.3.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+介词短语介词短语Heputhisbooksinorder.Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.Shewasplacedinaverydifficultposition.4.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+副词副词Shewishedherselfhome.Dontleavemebehind.5.主语主语+及物动词及

17、物动词+宾语宾语+不定式不定式Whatdoyouadvisemetodo?Iwishyoutobehappy.Theteachersencourageustokeeptrying.6.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+不带不带to的不定式的不定式Wecantletthisgoon.Didyounoticehimcomein?7.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+doingIsawherchattingwithNancy.Ifoundaboysleepinginclass.Youmustntleavethelightsburning.8.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+过去分词过去

18、分词Hehadhishaircutyesterday.Youmustmakeyourselfrespected.Youhavetogetthecomputerrepaired.练习练习:判断下面的句子是哪种句型判断下面的句子是哪种句型1.Your sister dances beautifully.2.They proved that the earth was round.3.This food looks inviting.4.Doing that would be playing with fire.主谓主谓主谓宾主谓宾主系表主系表主谓宾主谓宾5.They kept their room

19、 tidy and clean.6.He played happily.7.I advise waiting till tomorrow morning8.Show me what you bought.9.She never doubted that she was right.10.Good food keeps you healthy.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补主谓主谓主谓宾主谓宾主谓双宾主谓双宾主谓宾主谓宾主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补11.The palaces were large and beautiful.12.Horse-riding,hammer throw and shooting ar

20、e some of the more unusual events.13.A species can become endangered for different reasons.主系表主系表主系表主系表主系表主系表14.Harry seems like a normal boy.15.It sounded like a woman crying.16.Tom suddenly felt cold.17.You can plant a tree or build a birdhouse.主系表主系表主系表主系表主系表主系表主谓宾主谓宾18.Steve also wants us to think abut what we do.19.I will tell my friends to protect the environment.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补20.Pop music makes people feel easy and forget about the real world;rock music makes people think abut the world and make their life better.主谓宾宾补主谓宾宾补