Unit 5 Humans and nature Lesson 1 A sea story 词汇讲义-高中英语北师大版（2019）必修第二册.docx

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1、1. *whirlpool n.旋涡2. wave n.海浪，波涛3. escape vi.& vt.逃离，逃避 n. 逃跑escape from 从逃离escape/avoid responsibility 逃避/回避责任escape from reality 逃避现实escape from ones mind/memory 某事被某人忘记The satellite is always escaping from/out of the earth only to be pulled back the same distance it has escaped by gravity.卫星总是要飞

2、离地球，而结果却被地球引力拉了回来，拉回的距离与飞出的距离相同。escape doing sth 逃脱做某事He was lucky to escape being punished.他幸运地逃脱了惩罚。have a narrow escape 九死一生They had a narrow escape when a car crashed into their car.当一辆轿车撞上他们的车时，他们死里逃生。escape to 逃至4. survive vi.& vt.活下来，幸存survive sth 在.中免于难，挺过survive the war/accident/flood/fire

3、在战争/事故/洪水/火灾中幸免survive the attack 在袭击中幸免于难survive the earthquake 在地震中幸免于难Sadly, it is very difficult for giant pandas to survive in the wild.令人沮丧的是，大熊猫在野外很难活下来。Life isnt about how to survive the storm; its about learning to dance in the rain.生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中跳舞。survivor幸存者； survival nU幸存；C残存物I

4、f he couldnt find his way out of the forest, there would be little chance of survival.如果他找不到走出森林的路，他生存的可能性很小。survive sb. by.years 比某人多活年As far as I know, the old woman survived her husband by ten years.据我所知，这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。survive on sth 靠.存活survive from. 从中沿袭下来5. float vi.浮:漂 vt. 使漂浮；（使）漂流Wood float

5、s on water.木头浮在水面上。The boy floated his toy boat in the shallow water. 那男孩把玩具船放在浅水中漂浮。float along/down/past 沿着漂流/漂过float in the sky 在空中飘浮着float down from 从飘落float既可以表示“漂”，也可以表示“飘”，具体表示哪一个，要看语境。A leaf floated down from the tree and floated on the river.一片树叶从这棵树上飘落，在河上漂着。6. file n.档案，卷宗7. *descent n.下降

6、，下落8. *tidal adj.潮汐的，潮水的9. poetry n.诗歌，作诗的艺术 poet n.诗人 10. *mystery n.神秘事物，难以理解的事物11. soul n.灵魂12. frightened adj受惊的，害怕的The moment I heard the word I became very frightened.我一听到这个词就非常害怕。A cry came from the frightened child.哭声来自受惊的孩子。She was frightened at what she saw.她对看到的事情感到恐惧。She was frightened o

7、f falling into the swimming pool. 她害怕掉进游泳池。I am frightened to go out alone at night.我不敢晚上一个人出去。frightened adj 感到害怕的frightening adj.令人惊恐的;骇人的frighten v.使惊恐,使害怕frighten sb. into (out of) doing sth. 吓得某人(不)做某事名师点津由过去分词或现在分词转化来的形容词，是分词形容词。这些词已失去了动词的性质，大多数可被副词 very或 too修饰，有的还有比较级和最高级，故称为分词形容词。v.-ing形式，意为

8、“令人.的”，多指事物；v.-ed 形式，意为“感到.的”，多用于指人。13. horrible adj.可怕的，吓人的，令人恐惧的 14. edge n.边缘 vt.慢慢移动；侧着移动；给镶边；使锋利/开刃the edge of. .的边缘We went round and round, nearer and nearer to the horrible edge of the whirlpool.我们一直旋转，越来越靠近那可怕的漩涡边缘。at the edge of. 在边上At the edge of lake, women were doing their washing.在湖边妇女们

9、正在洗衣服。be on edge 焦躁不安He is on edge as the exam approaches. 考试临近，他焦躁不安。have the edge on/over. 比有利He has the edge on the other students in English because he spent a year abroad.他在国外住过一年，所以英语比其他学生都强。take the edge off 减弱；减轻The old mans powerful words took the edge off the young mans arrogance.老人有力的话语挫败

10、了年轻人的傲气。edge sth. into. 侧着慢慢移进We edged the sofa into the room. 我们把沙发侧着慢慢搬进了房间。edge toward. 挤向edge in 插入；慢慢进入edge out 排挤出去at the edge of与on the edge of(1) at the edge of靠近的边缘at the edge of the desert/woods/forest 在沙漠/树林/森林边缘(2) on the edge of在边缘；某事快要发生 (尤指不好的事)I was on the edge of a mental breakdown

11、at that time. 那时我正处在精神崩溃的边缘。15. on the edge of 在.边缘; 某事快要发生 (尤指不好的事)16. *barrel n.桶17. curious adj.好奇的After a while, I became curious about the whirlpool itself. 过了一会儿，我对漩涡本身产生了好奇。If a boy is curious, he is always asking questions. 一个好奇的孩子总是要不断地提出问题。be curious about. 对感到好奇/ become curious about. 对变得

12、好奇The boy is curious about everything. 这个男孩对任何事情都很好奇。be curious to do sth. 很想做某事She is curious to know what happens. 她好奇地要知道发生了什么事。It is curious that. 真是奇怪out of curiosity 出于好奇词语积累 curious adj.curiosity n好奇心curiously adv.好奇地18. observation n.观察，观察结果19. equal adj.相等的；相同的 n同等的人；相等物 v等于；比得上；敌得过No one e

13、quals him in spelling.在拼写方面，无人能和他相比。be equal in 在方面相等Not all men are equal in ability.人的能力不全一样。He is my equal in strength.他和我力气一样大。be equal to 与相等；能胜任/应付be equal to the task 有能力承担这项任务Im not equal to (doing) the task.我不能胜任这项任务。equal opportunities/rights 平等的机会/权利Two plus two equals four. 二加二等于四。equal

14、sb. in sth. 在某方面与某人匹配词语积累equalityequality n. 平等 equallyequally adv.相等地；同样地20. extent n.面积，长度，范围，程度21. tube n.圆管，管子; (伦敦)地铁重点短语1. risk doing sth.冒险做某事.where we often risked going and got more fish than others.我们经常去探险，抓到了比其他人更多的鱼。risk ones life/health 拿自己生命/健康去冒险 risk ones life doing sth. 冒生命危险做某事When

15、 children start smoking, they dont realize that theyre risking their health.小孩开始抽烟时，并没有意识到是在拿自己的健康去冒险。at risk 处境危险The disease is spreading, and all young children are at risk.这种疾病在蔓延，所有儿童都有被感染的危险。at the risk of doing sth. 冒着做某事的风险He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.他冒着生命危险救了我的命。take/run a

16、 risktake/run risks 冒险take/run the risk of doing sth. 冒险做某事用作动词时，为及物动词，表示“冒的危险”“使遭受风险”。They risk their lives in order that we may live more safely.他们冒着生命危险是为了让我们生活得更安全。后接动词作宾语时，要用动名词。A lot of people run the risk of being killed.很多人都有被杀的危险。用作名词，表示冒危险时，通常与动词run, take等搭配。There was so much to lose we co

17、uldnt take any risks.失去的东西太多了，我们不能冒险。2. be covered with布满；覆盖着All at once, the sky was covered with dark clouds and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.突然，天空被乌云笼罩，刹那间，我们就被卷入了可怕的风暴中。The ground is covered with snow. 大地被白雪覆盖着。cover.with. 用把盖上Cover the food with a cloth. 用一块布把食物盖起来。cover sb

18、. from.with. 用来掩护某人免受侵害/打击He covered his son from the blows with his body. 他用自己的身体护着儿子，不让他挨打。from cover to cover 从头到尾Read the book from cover to cover. 从第一页读到最后一页。under the cover of. 在掩护下，以为借口；趁着Under the cover of darkness, the prisoner escaped. 犯人在夜幕掩护下逃走了。(l)cover 的基本意思是“覆盖,遮盖”, 既可表示无意地将某物放在某一物的上面

19、，也可表示有意地隐藏、遮掩。有时还可表示包含、包括、概括。(2)cover 可引申表示“走完(一段路程)” “够付(费用)” “(大炮、堡垒等的)射程能达到” “能控制” “用枪对准(某人)”(3)cover 是及物动词,接名词或代词作宾语,可用于被动结构。(4)cover 作名词，意为“覆盖物; 掩蔽物; 避难所; (书刊的)封面,封皮。”3. in the direction of朝方向The old man is willing to stand on the bend and directs the traffic.老人乐意站在转弯处指挥交通。in all directions/in

20、every direction 向四面八方The enemy soldiers escaped in all directions directly the PLA soldiers came.解放军战士们一来，敌兵就四散逃命了。directions for use 用法说明Follow the directions for the use of the medicine.请遵照此药的使用说明。from the direction of 从方向in the opposite direction 朝相反的方向under ones directionunder the direction of s

21、b. 在某人的指示下direction n方向；指导 director n导演；主任 direct vt. 指导，指挥 adj.直接的；径直的directly adv.直接地；一就 indirect adj.间接的4. at.speed以的速度The boat was on the inside of the huge whirlpool and we were going round in circles at great speed. 船在巨大的漩涡里面，我们以极快的速度绕着圈子。The train was travelling at speed. 火车在急速行驶。at a speed o

22、f 以的速度The car is running at a speed of 90 miles per hour. 这汽车以每小时90英里速度奔驰。speed up (使)加快，加速My heart sped up when it was my turn to have the interview.当轮到我面试时，我的心跳加速。at top speed 以最高速/ at full speed 以全速The plane was flying in the sky at top speed. 飞机正以最高速度在空中飞翔。with great speed 迅速地He moves with great

23、 speed. 他动作很迅速。speed用作动词时其动词过去式和过去分词有两组：speedspedspedspeedspeededspeeded5. fall down下降；落下；倒塌；跌倒(.the second, between two objects of equal extent, round objects fell down less rapidly.第二，在两个同等面积的物体之间，圆形物体落得更慢fall behind 落后He soon fell behind in the race. 比赛中，他很快就落在了后面。fall in love (with) 爱上To be succ

24、essful, the first thing to do is to fall in love with your work.成功的第一要素就是热爱你的工作。fall into the habit of. 养成习惯Its very easy to fall into the habit of smoking, but extremely difficult to stop.要养成吸烟的习惯很容易，但要戒掉极难。fall asleep入睡fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃fall out (头发等)脱落；争吵fall down/fall off/fall overfall over强调的是

25、向前摔倒，跌倒。如：She fell over and broke her leg.fall down强调的是“滑倒，倒下”，后接宾语时应加上from。如：The boy hit the tree so hard that he fell down.fell off表示“从上落下或掉下”。如：I saw him fall off his horse.6. pick up救起，捡起，拾起，学会；用车接；收听In the end, a boat picked me up. 最后，一条船把我救了起来。He has picked up slowly since he came out of hospi

26、tal. 他自出院以来，身体慢慢地康复了。pick on sb. 对某人刁难挑剔He gets picked on by the other boys because hes so small. 他因为个子小受到其他男孩子的欺负。pick out 挑出，辨别出She was picked out for the job. 她被挑选出来做这份工作。pick ones pocket 扒窃pick up一词多义：(1)捡起；救起pick something up 捡起某物 pick up the phone接电话(2)(用车)接(某人) pick up Susan at the airport 在机场接苏珊(3)偶然学会 pick up French习得法语(4)(生意等)好转(5)接收(信号等) pick up signals接收信号学科网（北京）股份有限公司