初中英语定语从句演示教学.ppt

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1、1.什么什么(shn me)是定语是定语(attribute)？I like the colours.Which colours?energetic第一页，共35页。an ancient countrythe colour of wisdomthe high-speed railway connecting A to Bthe person who has influenced me most定语定语-是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语、或句子用的词、短语、或句子(j zi)。汉语中常。汉语中常翻译成翻译成“的的”第二页，共35页。定语可以(ky)由形容词,代

2、词,数词,名词,分词,不定式,介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词,介词短语为例）第三页，共35页。The girl behind the tree is Kate.(介词(jic)短语作定语)(现在(xinzi)分词作定语)The man driving too fast was drunk.The boy named Tom is my classmate.(过去分词作定语(dngy)第四页，共35页。1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词，定语从句一般放

3、在先行词的后面词的后面(hu mian)。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。引导定语从句的词叫关系词。第五页，共35页。1.1.作引导作引导(yndo)(yndo)词词2.2.在定语从句在定语从句(cn j)(cn j)中担任一定的成中担任一定的成分分;3.3.同时同时(tngsh)(tngsh)连接先行词与它引导的连接先行词与它引导的定语从句定语从句 (把主句和从句连起来）把主句和从句连起来）引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose关系副词关系副词 when where，why作作用用第六页，共35页。2.关系词在从句中做成分关系词在从句中做成

4、分(chng fn)：相当于代词：相当于代词用的叫关系代词，相当于用的叫关系代词，相当于副词用的叫关系副词。副词用的叫关系副词。第七页，共35页。关系词判关系词判 断断 步步 骤骤:首先，要看先行词。首先，要看先行词。如果如果(rgu)先行词是指人先行词是指人,关系代词关系代词 可用可用 who,that,whom,whose。如果。如果(rgu)先行词指物先行词指物,关系关系 代词可用代词可用which或或that;v 然后然后(rnhu)，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表先行词先行词 主主语语 宾宾语语 所有格所有格 人人who,thatwho(m

5、),that whose 物物which,thatwhich,thatwhose,of which第八页，共35页。5.定语从句定语从句(cn j)的结构的结构.先行词（名词先行词（名词/代词代词(dic)）+关系代词关系代词(dic)（who/which/that/whom)+.1.He never forgets the things that/which he needs to do.2.You should pay no attention to those that/who laugh at you.3.Do you know the teachers that/who are si

6、tting in our classroom now?第九页，共35页。将两个句子合并将两个句子合并(hbng)成成定语从句定语从句Match the two sentences1.Im reading an article.The article is about Tom.Im reading an article that/which is about Tom.2.She is a teacher.The teacher teaches us English.She is a teacher that/who teaches us English.3.Where is the coat?Y

7、ou bought it last week.Where is the coat which/that you bought last week?1.找先行(xinxng)词 2.换关系(gun x)词 3.抄其余部分抄其余部分第十页，共35页。I like music.Most people like the music.I like musicthat most people like.that 修饰先行词修饰先行词 musicthat 在从句中做宾语在从句中做宾语.(可以可以(ky)省省略略)定语定语(dngy)从从句句I第十一页，共35页。I like singers.The sing

8、ers sing the words clearly.I like singerswho sing the words clearly.who 修饰先行修饰先行(xinxng)词词 singerswho 在从句中做主语在从句中做主语.(不能省不能省)第十二页，共35页。1.Rosa likes music thats quiet and 2.3.gentle.Rosa喜欢轻柔喜欢轻柔(qngru)的音乐。的音乐。4.2.I like music that I can sing along 5.6.with.我喜欢能随之歌唱的音乐我喜欢能随之歌唱的音乐7.3.I love singers who

9、 write their own8.9.music.我喜欢能自己作曲的歌星我喜欢能自己作曲的歌星第十三页，共35页。1.who指人指人,作主语作主语(zhy)或宾语或宾语(作宾语作宾语可省略可省略The man(who)I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.(who作宾语作宾语(bny)(who作主语作主语(zhy)第十四页，共35页。2.whom2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语(作宾语可作宾语可省略省略,如介词如介词(jic)(jic)提前则不能提前则不能省省)The man(wh

10、om/who)I talked to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I talked is Mr.Li.(whom前有介词前有介词(jic)to,whom 不能不能省去。省去。)第十五页，共35页。We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher will give us a talk.aThe teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.注注:定语从句的时态定语从句的时态(sh ti)(sh ti)不受主句的限制。不受主句的限制。第十六页，共35页。3.whose 是代词的所有格形式是

11、代词的所有格形式(xngsh),它既可以代人也可它既可以代人也可以代物。以代物。I saw a woman.Her bag was stolen.aI saw a woman whose bag was stolen.(whose 作定语作定语(dngy)第十七页，共35页。4.which 指物，作主语(zhy)或宾语(作宾语可省,如介词提前则不能)Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrow books?第十八页，共35页。关系代词的作用：关系代词的作用：a.

12、做代词，代替先行词做代词，代替先行词 b.在从句中担任句子成分主语或宾语在从句中担任句子成分主语或宾语 c.做连词做连词(linc)，把主句和从句连接，把主句和从句连接起来起来注意：注意：who/that 在定语从句中做主语时，在定语从句中做主语时，谓语动词谓语动词(dngc)的单复数应与先行词保的单复数应与先行词保持一致持一致 I like a pizza that is really delicious.I love singers who are beautiful.Grammar第十九页，共35页。单项选择(xunz)。1.This is the job _they laughed a

13、t.（嘲笑）A.which B.as C.it D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seenACB第二十页，共35页。单项选择(xunz)4.The man _is painting the house is my unc

14、le.A.he B.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.its D.whichDB第二十一页，共35页。关系关系(gun x)副副词词 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样代词一样,在从句中代替先行在从句中代替先行(xinxng)词词,在句中在句中作状语。作状语。where:在从句中作地点状语在从句中作地点状语(zhungy),指代地点指代地点.when:在从句中作时间状语在从句中作时间状语(zhungy),指

15、代时间。指代时间。1.The hotel wasnt clean.+We stayed at the hotel.The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel(which)we stayed at wasnt clean.第二十二页，共35页。2.Ill never forget the day.I joined the Party on that day.Ill never forget the day when I joined the Party.Ill n

16、ever forget the day on which I joined the Party.第二十三页，共35页。5.从句的谓语从句的谓语(wiy)动词要与动词要与先行词的单复数保持一致。先行词的单复数保持一致。I like the book which/that is on the desk.我喜欢桌上的那本我喜欢桌上的那本书。书。I like the books which/that are on the desk.第二十四页，共35页。The girl _ won the match not so long ago is called Guo Yue,a famous Chinese

17、 table tennis player.A.who B.which C.what D.whom 第二十五页，共35页。在以下在以下(yxi)情况下只用关系情况下只用关系词词that1.指物的先行(xinxng)词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时2.先行词是 something,nothing,anything 等不定(bdng)代词时 3.先行词既有人也有物时,只用 that第二十六页，共35页。4.先行(xinxng)词是one of,the one,或用 little,much,few,no,all,some,any,the only,the very,the same,the last 作

18、修饰时5.当主句(zh j)已有疑问词 who 或 which时，用that第二十七页，共35页。只能用只能用which，不用，不用that 的情况：的情况：(1)在非限制性定语从中。在非限制性定语从中。The meeting was put off,which was exactly what we wanted.(2)定语从句由介词定语从句由介词(jic)+关关系代词引导系代词引导 先行词是物时。先行词是物时。The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.第二十八页，共35页。注注:who,that在指人可以在指人可以

19、(ky)通用通用，但下列宜用，但下列宜用 who,不用不用that 1)先行词是先行词是anyone,someone,those时，关系时，关系(gun x)词使用词使用who2)在在there be 句型句型(j xn)中，先行中，先行词指人词指人,关系词用关系词用who第二十九页，共35页。I still remember the girl(whom/that)we saw yesterday.第三十页，共35页。请用请用that or who 并成一句并成一句1.I like music.The music is loud and exciting._2.She loves movies

20、.The movies are romantic._I like music that is loud and exciting.She loves movies that are romantic.Ex.I第三十一页，共35页。3.Tony has a good friend.The friend can speak English well._4.Jim reads books.The books are written in English._ Tony has a good friend who can speak English well.Jim reads books that a

21、re written in English.Ex.I第三十二页，共35页。5.We have a good teacher.The teacher is very beautiful._6.I love songs.Zhou Jielun singsthe songs_We have a good teacher who is very beautifulI love songs that Zhou Jielun sings.Ex.I第三十三页，共35页。根据句意，用正确根据句意，用正确(zhngqu)的关系代的关系代词填空。词填空。He is the man _ is ready to he

22、lp others.2.The girl _ I spoke to just now is my friend.3.The dress _ you bought in the city mall is made of silk.4.Bill likes music _ he can sing along with.that/who that/who that/whichthat/which第三十四页，共35页。5.This is the village _ I used to live in.6.Women always like buying many things _ they dont need at all.7.Im studying a subject _ I am very interested in.that/whichthat/whichthat/which第三十五页，共35页。