美国历史简介2.ppt

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1、美国历史简介2 Still waters run deep.流静水深流静水深,人静心深人静心深 Where there is life,there is hope。有生命必有希望。有生命必有希望IntroductionThe Discovery of AmericaThe War of IndependenceThe American Civil War Westward ExpansionThe Great Depression Introduction to British and American CultureThe Discovery of America Columbus In 1

2、492,Columbus landed at one of the Caribbean islands.Columbus called the local people Indians.Introduction to British and American CultureAmerigo Vespucci阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为阿美利哥韦斯普奇（意大利航海家，商人，美洲新大陆以其命名为 America）He first confirmed the fact that a new continent had been discovered.The New Wor

3、ld was named America to honor Amerigo Vespucci.Introduction to British and American CultureThe First Permanent English Colony In 1607Three ships crossed the Atlantic Ocean and landed by the side of a river-the James River.The first English colony was founded at Jamestown,Virginia.Introduction to Bri

4、tish and American CultureThe Founding of the Thirteen ColoniesDuring the first 150 years,the British colonies in North America became a“melting pot”.By the early 1760s,English settlers had established 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast.Introduction to British and American CultureThe Birth of the U

5、nited States nThe Conflict between Britain and the American Colonists nThe War of Independence Introduction to British and American CultureThe Conflict between Britain and the American ColonistsnBackgroundqThe British government started imposing new taxes on sugar,coffee and textiles(纺织业).qThey pass

6、ed many laws such as the Quartering Act and the Stamp Act(印花税法).Introduction to British and American CultureBoston Tea Party 波士顿倾茶事件 nBackground qIn 1773,British government passed a new law-the Tea Act.nSlogan q“No taxation without representation”nTime qDecember 16,1773 nEvent qA group of Americans

7、threw 342 boxes of tea into Boston Harbour(波士顿港）.Introduction to British and American CultureThe War of IndependenceTimeOn October 19,1781 Result The British soldiers were forced to surrender.Consequences George Washington became the first President.The 4th of July became the national holiday of Ame

8、rica-the Independence Day.Introduction to British and American Culture Complete a Timeline1763:The French and Indian War ended 1773:_1774:The First Continental Congress 1775:_1776:_ 1781:_ Boston Tea Party/Tea ActThe War of Independence beganDeclaration of Independence was adoptedThe War of Independ

9、ence ended Introduction to British and American CultureThe Declaration of Independence On July 4,1776 the Second Continental Congress officially declared independence and formed the United States of America by adopting the Declaration of Independence,written by Thomas Jefferson（托马斯杰斐逊）of Virginia.(J

10、uly 4 is celebrated as the nations birthday.)Westward Expansion “Manifest Destiny”西进运动 1.The hardship of early pioneer settlers Oregon Trail (俄勒冈小道俄勒冈小道)The trip on foot took four to six months.California Gold Rush加州淘金者 People traveled to California in the search for quick riches.The number of westw

11、ardmigrants multiplied.The American Civil War南北战争nNorthern vs.SouthernnAbraham Lincoln Introduction to British and American CultureNorthern vs.SouthernThree significant conflicts between the North and South of America.The slave problemDifferent economic interestsThe political conflictMajor issueSlav

12、ery Introduction to British and American CultureNorthern vs.SouthernThe Southern states Claimed for themselves the Confederate States(or the Confederacy)Slavery continuedThe Northern StatesFought to maintain the UnionCalled the Union States Slavery had been abolished Introduction to British and Amer

13、ican CultureNorthern vs.SouthernIssuesSouthern StatesNorthern StatesEconomyPlantations_centerSlavery_AbolishedPolitical powerMore powerful_ powerfulSupportThe Confederacy_Manufacturing Continued Less The Union Introduction to British and American CultureAbraham Lincoln March 1861-took the office of

14、the president.April 12,1861-the Civil War began.September 22,1862-issued the Emancipation Proclamationwhich granted freedom to about 4 million slaves.Made a famous speech in Gettysburg.Introduction to British and American CultureThe Civil Waron April 9,1865The Civil War officially ended with the unc

15、onditional surrender of the South.Consequence It resolved two fundamental issues:Slavery was completely abolished;America became a single and stronger nation.Introduction to British and American CultureThe Great DepressionIn October 1929,the stock market crashed,marketing the beginning of the Great

16、Depression.During this time,the United States experienced deflation,unemployment soared from 3%in 1929 to 25%in 1933,and manufacturing output collapsed by one-third.Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother,depicts destitute pea pickers in CaliforniaFranklin Roosevelt and the New Deal 罗斯福新政罗斯福新政 Hoovers respon

17、se to the depression President and Mrs.Roosevelt“First of all,let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itselfnameless,unreasoning,unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance.”FDR and the Early Phases of the New DealTo bring immedi

18、ate relief to those who were suffering Public Works AdministrationCivil Works AdministrationTo bring the economy back to prosperityAgricultural Adjustment AdministrationTennessee Valley AuthorityTo put safeguards in place so that the same situation would not occur againFederal Deposit Insurance Corp

19、orationSecurities and Exchange Commission The Second New Deal The New Deal did not pull the nation out of the Great Depression However,it did substantially improve the lives of millions of people for both the short term and the long term.The programs of the New Deal would help stabilize the country

20、and bring hope to millions.US in the Second World WarsAfter World War IIBecame the strongest power in the world Introduction to British and American Culture World War IIIsolationism and NeutralityFirst they came for the communists,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a communist.Then they came for

21、the trade unionists,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a trade unionist.Then they came for the Jews,and I didnt speak out because I wasnt a Jew.Then they came for meand there was no one left to speak out for me.Immediate Cause of Americas entrance into WWII-the Japanese raid on the US Naval Base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii on December 7,1941 THANK YOU