小学生英语语法：名词.ppt

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1、 nounp名词名词(n)：nounp表示人、动物、物品、地点以及抽表示人、动物、物品、地点以及抽象概念的词。即所有东西的象概念的词。即所有东西的名字名字都都是名词。是名词。名名词词专有名词专有名词普通名词普通名词可数名词可数名词不可数名词不可数名词单数形式单数形式复数形式复数形式 表示表示特定的特定的人或事物的名称，首个人或事物的名称，首个字母要字母要大写大写，前面一般，前面一般不加冠词不加冠词1.所有人的名字；所有人的名字；2.大洲、大洋、江河的名称；大洲、大洋、江河的名称；3.国家、城市和地名；国家、城市和地名；4.建筑物和街道的名字；建筑物和街道的名字；5.月份、星期和节日的名称；月份

2、、星期和节日的名称；6.团体、机构、组织的名称。团体、机构、组织的名称。（一）专用名词（一）专用名词 不属于不属于特定的人、事物名称的词，包特定的人、事物名称的词，包括我们平时吃的、喝的东西，动物的名括我们平时吃的、喝的东西，动物的名称，物质的名称以及一些抽象概念等。称，物质的名称以及一些抽象概念等。1.可数名词可数名词：可以可以一个一个地数一个一个地数的名词的名词2.可数名词有可数名词有单数单数和和复数复数两种形式。两种形式。3.2.不可数名词：不可数名词：4.不能够一个一个地数不能够一个一个地数出来的名词。出来的名词。（二）普通名词（二）普通名词1一般名词复数是在名词后面加上一般名词复数是

3、在名词后面加上“s”如：mapmaps，bagbagsbook-books，hat-hats，pencil-pencils，girl-girls（一）名词的单数形式一般在名词前一）名词的单数形式一般在名词前面加上面加上“a”或或“an”，表示，表示“一个一个”。如：abook，anorange（二）名词单复数的规则变换：（二）名词单复数的规则变换：2以s，sh，ch，x等结尾的词加“es”如：busbuseswatchwatchesbeach-beachesbrush-brushesbox-boxesclass-classesglass-glasseslunchlunches3以以“辅音字母辅

4、音字母y”结尾的词，变结尾的词，变y为为i加加es如：如：babybabiescity-cities，family-familiescountry-countries以以元音字母元音字母 y结尾的词变复数时，直接加结尾的词变复数时，直接加s如：如：monkeymonkeysdaydays，playplays，boyboys，toytoys4以o结尾的名词变复数时：1）以“辅音字母辅音字母+o”结尾的名词，加es如：tomatotomatoes（西红柿）potatopotatoes（土豆）hero-heroes（英雄）Negronegroes（黑人）2)以以“元音字母元音字母+o”结尾的名词，加

5、结尾的名词，加-s如：如：radioradioszoozooskangarookangaroos注意例外情况：注意例外情况：photophotospianopianos5.5.以以f f或或fefe结尾的名词变复数时，结尾的名词变复数时，先把先把f f或或fefe变为变为v v，再加，再加eses。如：wife-wives，leaf-leaveshalfhalvesknife-knivesthief-thievesshelfshelves注意例外情况：注意例外情况：gulfgulfs roof-roofs chief-chiefs（三）名词单复数的不规则变化：（三）名词单复数的不规则变化：1.

6、有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加有些名词由单数变复数时，不是在词尾加s,2.而是而是变换其中的字母变换其中的字母，如：man-menwoman-womenpoliceman-policemenEnglishman-Englishmenfoot-feet，toothteeth在词尾加在词尾加“en”或或“ren”child-childrenox-oxen(公牛)mousemice老鼠老鼠2.表示某国人，通常在单数后面加表示某国人，通常在单数后面加s。但是但是中日友好不变化，英法联军中日友好不变化，英法联军a 变变e如：Chinese（中国人）（中国人）Japanese（日本人）（日本人）En

7、glishmanEnglishmen（英国人）（英国人）FranchFrench（法国人）（法国人）3.单复数同形单复数同形 fish fishsheepsheepcattlecattledeerdeer4.4.除人民币元、角、外，除人民币元、角、外，美元、美元、英镑、欧英镑、欧 元元等都有复数形式。例词:adollartwodollarsonepoundtwopounds名词的表示名词的表示所属关系所属关系的形式叫做名的形式叫做名词所有格，意思为词所有格，意思为“的的”。例如：例如：Damings mother is a hotel manager.其中其中Damings“大明的大明的”，为

8、名词所有格，为名词所有格1）单数名词一般直接加）单数名词一般直接加 s 例：例：_hat looks like a cat.(Lucy)2）不以）不以 s 结尾的复数名词加结尾的复数名词加 s 例：例：This shop sells _(child)toys.3）以）以 s/es 结尾的复数名词加结尾的复数名词加 例：例：They are the _ (twin)desks.Lucys twinschildrens（一）一）表示有生命的名词所有格表示有生命的名词所有格在名词后面加在名词后面加 s。其变换规律如下：其变换规律如下：（二）表示无生命的名词所有格（二）表示无生命的名词所有格 用用“o

9、f”例：例：1）the door of the classroom （教室的门）（教室的门）2）the top of the hill （山顶）（山顶）4）表示两个或两个以上的人）表示两个或两个以上的人共同所有共同所有的事物时的事物时,只在最后只在最后一个名词上加一个名词上加 s 例：例：He is _father.(Kate and Jim)5）表示两个或两个以上的人）表示两个或两个以上的人各自所有各自所有的事物时的事物时,每个名词每个名词后都加后都加 s,后面的名词用复数后面的名词用复数例：例：_ mothers are in the same factory.(Kate and Jim)

10、Kate and JimsKates and Jims1 1 选出下列名词复数形式的正确拼写：选出下列名词复数形式的正确拼写：1）deerA.deers B.deer2）child A.childrenB.childs3）toy A.toysB.toies4）match A.matches B.matchs5）leafA.leafs B.leaves6）AmericanA.Americans B.American7）cityA.citys B.cities8）mouth A.mouthsB.mouthes9）man doctorA.men doctors B.men doctor10）baby

11、 dogA.babies dogB.baby dogs答案：1._ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6._ _ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._2 2、写出下列名词的复数形式、写出下列名词的复数形式 broom car tree _ horse_ bus_ fox _ branch _ class _ baby _ family _ country _ radio photo _ piano _ knife leaf_ life _ thief _ man _ woman _ child _ foot _ woman teacher _ apple tree _ step son _brooms

12、carstreeshorsesbusesfoxesbranchesclassesbabiesappletreesfeetleavesphotosfamiliesstepsonswomenteacherschildrenwomenlivespianoscountriesradiosknivesthievesmenorangeorange class class texttext monkey monkey _pianopiano childchild shelfshelf sheepsheep _ countrycountry family family toytoy foot _ foot _

13、 JapaneseJapanese radio radio photophoto army _army _ tomatotomato foxfox woman_woman_ _ _ knife_knife_micemice thanksthanks geese geese book _ book _ hair _ meat _ boy _ flower _hair _ meat _ boy _ flower _baby _baby _ zoo _ watch _ people _ zoo _ watch _ people _ orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianosfo

14、xesshelvessheepcountriesbooksfeettomatoesphotosfamiliesbabieshairchildrenwomenflowersarmiestoysradiosknivesgoosemeatJapaneseJapanesemousethankboyspeoplewatcheszoos3.3.选择填空选择填空1）There_on the wall.They are very beautiful.There_on the wall.They are very beautiful.A.are photoes B.are photos A.are photoe

15、s B.are photos C.is a photo D.is photos C.is a photo D.is photos2 2）This kind of car_made in Shanghai.This kind of car_made in Shanghai.A.is B.are C.were D.has A.is B.are C.were D.has3 3）There are four_and two_in the There are four_and two_in the group.group.A.Japanese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen A.Ja

16、panese,Germen B Japaneses,Germen C.Japanese,German D.Japanese,Germans C.Japanese,German D.Japanese,Germans4 4）Thats _ art book.Thats _ art book.A.an B.a C.the D.are A.an B.a C.the D.areBADA 5）Theboyshavegot_already.A.twobreadB.twobreadsC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopieceofbread6）Theoldmanwants_.A.sixboxeso

17、fapplesB.sixboxesofappleC.sixboxofapplesD.sixboxsofapples7）There_some_intheriver.A.is,fishB.are,fishsC.is,fishsD.are,fish8）There_two_inthebox.A.iswatchB.arewatchesC.arewatchD.iswatchesCA D B 9）Weshouldclean_twiceaday.A.ourtoothB.ourtoothsC.teethD.ourteeth10）The_meetingroomisnearthereadingroom.A.teac

18、herB.teachersC.teachersD.teachers11）InBritain_areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxD.lettersbox12）Arethese_cars?No,theyarebuses.A.aB.anC./D.the13）Six_areinthesixth_.A.pen,boxB.pens,boxC.pens,boxsD.pens,boxesD C A C B 1414）There There two apples on the table.two apples on the table.

19、A.are B.is C.am D./A.are B.is C.am D./1515）Are these your bikes?Yes,Are these your bikes?Yes,.A.these are B.they are C.those are D.theyre A.these are B.they are C.those are D.theyre 1616）They are They are pencils.pencils.A./B.an C.a D.this A./B.an C.a D.this1717）How much How much do you have at home

20、?do you have at home?A.rice B.banana C.apple D.pear A.rice B.banana C.apple D.pear1818）I can see I can see in the box.in the box.A.a bread B.some bread C.some breads D.any bread A.a bread B.some bread C.some breads D.any bread1919）A bottle of orange A bottle of orange on the table.on the table.A.is

21、B.are C.puts D.put A.is B.are C.puts D.putA B A B A A 2020）Look!Some meat Look!Some meat in the box.Some pears in the box.Some pears in the basket.in the basket.A.is,is B.are,are C.is,are D.are,is A.is,is B.are,are C.is,are D.are,is2121）How many How many would you like?would you like?A.orange B.bott

22、le of orange.A.orange B.bottle of orange.C.bottles of orange.D a bottle of orange.C.bottles of orange.D a bottle of orange.2222）Are these Are these?A.banana tree B.banana trees A.banana tree B.banana trees C.bananas tree D.bananas trees C.bananas tree D.bananas trees 2323）books are there under the d

23、esk?books are there under the desk?A.How much B.What C.How many D.How A.How much B.What C.How many D.How2424）I want to buy I want to buy .A.a shoes B.a pair of shoes A.a shoes B.a pair of shoes C.a pair shoe D.pair of shoe C.a pair shoe D.pair of shoeC C B C B 2525）The The are running on the are run

24、ning on the .A.deer,grasses B.deers,grass C deer,grass A.deer,grasses B.deers,grass C deer,grass2626）How many How many do you see in the picture?do you see in the picture?A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato A.tomatos B.tomatoes C.tomato D.the tomato2727）They are They are .A.woman teachers B.w

25、omen teachers A.woman teachers B.women teachers C.women teacher D.woman teacher C.women teacher D.woman teacher 2828）Would you like Would you like .Please?.Please?A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water A.two glass of water B.two glasses of water C.two glass of waters D.two glasses of waters C.t

26、wo glass of waters D.two glasses of waters2929）There are some There are some in these in these .A.knifes,pencil-boxes B.knives,pencils-box A.knifes,pencil-boxes B.knives,pencils-box C.knives,pencil-boxes D.knives,pencils-boxes C.knives,pencil-boxes D.knives,pencils-boxesC B C BB 30）There is no in th

27、e plate.A.apples B.oranges C.rice D.eggs31）I was so hungry and ate two .A.bowls of noodle B.bowls of noodles C.bowl of noodles32）I like to eat cake with .A.cherries B.cherry C.cherrys33）and are not friends.A.Foxs,wolfs B.Foxes,wolfs C.Foxes,wolvesC C AB 4 4、填入所给名词的正确形式、填入所给名词的正确形式1 1）I have two I ha

28、ve two (knife).(knife).2 2）There are many There are many here.(box)here.(box)3 3）There are many There are many on the road.(bus)on the road.(bus)4 4）A few A few are drewing on the wall.(boy)are drewing on the wall.(boy)5 5）The The are playing football now.(child)are playing football now.(child)knive

29、s boxes buses boys children 1.选择填空选择填空1）Is this _ book?A.Lilei B.Lileis C.lileis 2）The _ Park will open next week.A.Childrens B.ChildrensC.Children D.Childrens3）This is room .（莉莉和露西的房间）（莉莉和露西的房间）4）They are rooms.（莉莉和露西的房间）（莉莉和露西的房间）BALily and LucysLilys and Lucys5）Is this _ book?A.Lilei B.Lileis C.l

30、ileis 6）This is _ car.A.Smith B.Smiths C.Smiths7）There are some _ in the park.A.man teachers B.men teacher C.men teachers D.boys students8）Thats my _.A.brothers and sisters bike B.brother and sisters bike C.brothers and sisters bikes9）It takes me _walk to go to school A.five minutes B.five minutes C

31、.five minutes BBBCA10）_mothers made them have piano lessons A.Peter and Anne B.Peters and Annes C.Peter and Annes D.Peters and Anne 11）Do you know the woman?She is _aunt.A.lily and lucy B.lilys and lucys C.lily and lucys D.lilys and lucy 12）There _ some good news in todays newspaper A.were B.are C.is D.haveBCC2.写出下列名词和词组的所有格写出下列名词和词组的所有格1）a sister _2）a boy _ 3）today _4）a baby _5）a camel _6）men _7）birds _8）two days _9）John and Mary（两人共有的）（两人共有的）_10）John and Mary（两人各自所有的）（两人各自所有的）_ 再见再见