成高专升本英语主从复合句.ppt

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1、主从复合句名词从句、定语从句、状语从句名词从句从句：在句子中充当某一成分的分句。主句：从句所依附的句子。名词从句：在句子中起名词作用的主谓结构，包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。名词从句要用陈述的语序。l l主语从句主语从句 1 1 连接词连接词thatthat That he is still alive is quite true.That he is still alive is quite true.That the economy is in recession is now no That the economy is in recession is now no do

2、ubt.doubt.that that引导的主语从句可转换成用引导的主语从句可转换成用it it作形式主语的作形式主语的句型。如：句型。如：It is quit true that he is still alive.It is quit true that he is still alive.It is now no doubt that the economy is in It is now no doubt that the economy is in recession.recession.2 2连接词连接词 whwh-疑问词疑问词3 3 Who will chair the meet

3、ing has not yet Who will chair the meeting has not yet been decided.been decided.4 4 What you think may seem silly.What you think may seem silly.5 5 How well you talk is governed by your How well you talk is governed by your understanding of grammar.understanding of grammar.3 3连接词连接词whatever,whichev

4、er,whoeverwhatever,whichever,whoever等等4 4 Whoever broke the vase should admit it Whoever broke the vase should admit it frankly.frankly.5 5 Whichever road you take will be rough and Whichever road you take will be rough and rocky.rocky.l l表语从句表语从句1 1 连接词和主语从句一样。连接词和主语从句一样。e.g.The truth is(that)he ha

5、s lost nothing except a few e.g.The truth is(that)he has lost nothing except a few pennies.pennies.The problem was that no one knew how to fix the The problem was that no one knew how to fix the machine.machine.The question was who owned the house.The question was who owned the house.Actually the fi

6、lm is very much what I expected.Actually the film is very much what I expected.2 2 当主句的主语为当主句的主语为command,demand,order,suggestion,command,demand,order,suggestion,idea,requestidea,request等时，表语从句的谓语动词用等时，表语从句的谓语动词用should+should+动词动词原形。原形。ShouldShould可省略。如：可省略。如：Her idea is that you Her idea is that you

7、 should stickshould stick to your plan.to your plan.My first request is that the young man My first request is that the young man should beshould be given a given a new job.new job.主语从句也一样。如：主语从句也一样。如：It is suggested that each of them It is suggested that each of them should writeshould write an art

8、icle.an article.宾语从句也一样。如：宾语从句也一样。如：She required that he She required that he should getshould get there before dark.there before dark.l l宾语从句宾语从句 1 1 连接词也和主语从句一样。连接词也和主语从句一样。Many parents think Many parents think thatthat education is to be given only in education is to be given only in school.schoo

9、l.She explained to him She explained to him whatwhat he had to do to start the car.he had to do to start the car.They offered him what he didnt like at all.They offered him what he didnt like at all.2 it 2 it作形式宾语时，宾语从句置于句末。作形式宾语时，宾语从句置于句末。We found it true that Mr.smith was an honest gentleman.We fo

10、und it true that Mr.smith was an honest gentleman.改写第一个句子：改写第一个句子：It is thought that education is to be given It is thought that education is to be given only in school.only in school.l l同位语从句，通常是说明其前面名词的内容。连接词也和以上从句一样。The farmers can not forget the fact that birds are the enemies of insects.Do you

11、have any idea of how stupid he is?We have no idea of what he suffered in those days.练习P179 综合检测试题定语从句l l定语从句：在句子中起定语作用的主谓结构。通常修饰其前面的名词或代词，这个名词或代词称为先行词。l l连接词：关系代词who,whom,that,which 关系副词when,where,why1 关系代词，它取决于先行词是人还是物，还取决于关系代词在从句中作何成分。l l先行词是人先行词是人 主语：主语：A person A person whowho has good friends e

12、njoys life has good friends enjoys life more.more.Anyone Anyone who/thatwho/that saw the car accident saw the car accident please call us at 289110.please call us at 289110.宾语：宾语：I telephoned the doctor I telephoned the doctor who/whom/that who/whom/that Jackson had recommended.Jackson had recommend

13、ed.He is not the young scientist to He is not the young scientist to whomwhom I I referred just now.referred just now.所有格：所有格：I have never met a woman I have never met a woman whosewhose figure figure is so beautiful.is so beautiful.l l先行词是物 主语：It is a problem that/which needs very careful considera

14、tion.宾语：I am using the same computer that/which I have used for four years.所有格：Have you seen the new machine whose parts are too small to be seen?表语:The typewriter is not the machine(which)it was.l l当先行词前有当先行词前有all,any,every,a few,no,only,all,any,every,a few,no,only,some,verysome,very或序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，

15、或或序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词为先行词为anything,everything,nothinganything,everything,nothing等时，等时，关关关关系代词用系代词用系代词用系代词用that.that.I have never taken I have never taken anything thatanything that doesnt belong doesnt belong to me.to me.You can take You can take anyany seat seat thatthat is free.is free.He was one o

16、f He was one of the greatestthe greatest scientists scientists thatthat ever ever lived.lived.The The onlyonly thing thing thatthat he did was to call the police.he did was to call the police.2 关系副词 when,where,why在句中作状语，其先行词是表示时间、地点、理由的名词。Winter is usually the season when many animals have sleep.He

17、showed me the house where his father had made cigars.There is no good reason why she should leave so soon.3 His business had failed,and he had to leave GZ 3 His business had failed,and he had to leave GZ to live in ZJ,to live in ZJ,where he had an uncle.where he had an uncle.非限定非限定性定语从句性定语从句 I have

18、never been to the town I have never been to the town where I was bornwhere I was born.非限定性定语从句有逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉它非限定性定语从句有逗号与主句隔开，如果去掉它不会影响主句的意思。指物时用关系代词不会影响主句的意思。指物时用关系代词which,which,不用不用that.that.关系代词不可以省略。关系代词不可以省略。He looked at the sky,which was covered with He looked at the sky,which was covered with

19、dark clouds.dark clouds.在非限定性定语从句中，which常用于指代前面的整个主句或主句的一部分。He won the first prize,which we had never expected.Some roads were flooded,which made our journey more difficult.练习：P187 综合检测状语从句l l时间状语从句时间状语从句1 when 1 when 引导的从句可表示持续或短暂的动作；可表示与主引导的从句可表示持续或短暂的动作；可表示与主句动作同时发生或先于主句的动作。句动作同时发生或先于主句的动作。When I

20、 live in town,I often went to the theatre.When I live in town,I often went to the theatre.When she pressed the button the machine stopped.When she pressed the button the machine stopped.2 while 2 while引导的从句表示两个动作同时发生。从句的动作持续引导的从句表示两个动作同时发生。从句的动作持续较久。较久。Never get on or off a bus while it is in motion

21、.Never get on or off a bus while it is in motion.While the woman was listening to the broadcast she kept While the woman was listening to the broadcast she kept trembling.trembling.3 as 3 as 表示两个动作同时发生，持续时间较短，或表表示两个动作同时发生，持续时间较短，或表示两个动作正在发展、变化，表示示两个动作正在发展、变化，表示“随着随着”As I left the house I remember th

22、e key.As I left the house I remember the key.As the sun rose,it became warmer.As the sun rose,it became warmer.4 since4 since表示表示“自从自从”，从句多用过去时，主句多用，从句多用过去时，主句多用完成时态完成时态.They have never seen each other again since They have never seen each other again since she fell ill.she fell ill.It is almost a y

23、ear since I met you last.It is almost a year since I met you last.5 till/until 表示“直到才”He didnt tell you the news till he was sure of it.Dont try to get on the train until it stops.6 6As soon as 表示“一就”7 7 You can go for your holiday as soon as you finish the job.8 8 Ill let you know about it as soon

24、as we come to any conclusion.l l原因状语从句原因状语从句1 because1 because引导，表示的语气最强，可用来回答引导，表示的语气最强，可用来回答whywhy开头的句开头的句子，放在主句后面。子，放在主句后面。They had to slow down because he couldnt keep up with They had to slow down because he couldnt keep up with them.them.Why cant you go with us now?Because I am too busy.Why ca

25、nt you go with us now?Because I am too busy.2 since2 since引导的从句常表示已为人们所知的原因或理由，常引导的从句常表示已为人们所知的原因或理由，常译作译作“既然既然”。Since she is not prepared for the job,youd better let him Since she is not prepared for the job,youd better let him do it.do it.Since the weather has improved,the game will be held Since

26、the weather has improved,the game will be held as planned.as planned.3 As 3 As 引导的从句所表示的原因意义很弱，通常不是引导的从句所表示的原因意义很弱，通常不是句子的中心，是某种附加说明。句子的中心，是某种附加说明。As David said we had better walk,we started off As David said we had better walk,we started off on foot.on foot.As Tom is an honest man he is entrusted w

27、ith a As Tom is an honest man he is entrusted with a large sum of money.large sum of money.4 For4 For引导的从句放在主句后面，用逗号隔开，表示引导的从句放在主句后面，用逗号隔开，表示补充说明。补充说明。The days are long,for it is now July.The days are long,for it is now July.I worried about the boy in the river,for there the I worried about the boy

28、in the river,for there the currents were dangerous.currents were dangerous.l l方式状语从句方式状语从句1 AS1 AS引导，表示引导，表示“和和一样一样”像像那样那样”He worked hard all through the day as He worked hard all through the day as everybody else did.everybody else did.He wont do as hes told.He wont do as hes told.2 as if,as tough2

29、 as if,as tough引导的从句多用于虚拟语气。引导的从句多用于虚拟语气。When he had finished he waited as if he was When he had finished he waited as if he was waiting for a reply.waiting for a reply.He is standing there still as if he has frozen to He is standing there still as if he has frozen to death.death.l l条件状语从句条件状语从句1 1

30、真实条件句：表示可能实现的条件。真实条件句：表示可能实现的条件。If If：如果；：如果；unless:unless:除非；除非；as long as:as long as:只要；只要；Peter wont catch the train Peter wont catch the train if if he doesnt hurry.he doesnt hurry.UnlessUnless this policy is changed,the future is this policy is changed,the future is indeed dark.indeed dark.You

31、may go out You may go out as long asas long as you promise to be you promise to be back before 12 oclock.back before 12 oclock.You can borrow my car You can borrow my car on the condition thaton the condition that you you return it by this evening.return it by this evening.2 2 非真实条件句：表示一个与事实相反的假设，用非

32、真实条件句：表示一个与事实相反的假设，用虚拟语气。虚拟语气。与现在事实相反：与现在事实相反：If I were you,I would agree with them.If I were you,I would agree with them.If I had a car,I would lend it to you.If I had a car,I would lend it to you.与过去事实相反：与过去事实相反：If Mark had been there,he would have helped you.If Mark had been there,he would have h

33、elped you.与将来事实相反：与将来事实相反：If I were to do the experiment,I would do it some If I were to do the experiment,I would do it some other way.other way.l l目的状语从句目的状语从句 1 so that 1 so that引导引导 He arranged everything so that we could get there at one He arranged everything so that we could get there at one

34、oclock.oclock.They wrote the notices in several languages so that They wrote the notices in several languages so that foreigners could understand them.foreigners could understand them.2 2In order that In order that 引导引导3 3 He arrived early in order that he might not miss the He arrived early in orde

35、r that he might not miss the report.report.3 3For fear that For fear that 引导引导4 4 They didnt talk much for fear that others might They didnt talk much for fear that others might hear them.hear them.l l结果状语从句结果状语从句1 1So thatSo that引导，常有逗号与主句隔开引导，常有逗号与主句隔开,that,that 可以省略。可以省略。2 2 We climbed high,so We

36、 climbed high,so（thatthat）we might get a better we might get a better view.view.2 2sothatsothat引导，表示引导，表示“如此如此以致以致”3 3 He worked so well that people all praised him.He worked so well that people all praised him.4 4 Her album was so full of pictures that it was Her album was so full of pictures that

37、it was bursting at the seam.bursting at the seam.3 3suchthatsuchthat引导，也表示引导，也表示“如此如此以致以致”4 4 He had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go He had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near his house.near his house.l l让步状语从句1 although,though引导，表示“虽然但是”Although many painters do their work well

38、,few become wealthy.2 even though=even if引导，表示“尽管”Even if some people have only visited a place once,they will find it again many years later because they have a good sense of direction.3 wh-+ever (=no matter wh-)3 wh-+ever (=no matter wh-)引导，表示引导，表示“无论无论”Wherever she is,she is always thinking of yo

39、u.Wherever she is,she is always thinking of you.Whoever you be,you have no right to do such a Whoever you be,you have no right to do such a thing.thing.No matter which side wins,I shall be happy.No matter which side wins,I shall be happy.4 whetheror4 whetheror引导，表示引导，表示“无论无论”whether you are right or

40、 not,well be on your side.whether you are right or not,well be on your side.l l比较状语从句1 than引导，主句中有形容词或副词比较级形式。I admire and respect you more than everybody else(do).2 as 引导，主要用于“so/as as”Mr.Jackson is as rich as Mr.Black(is).The boys studied so hard as the girls did.l l地点状语从句地点状语从句1 1WhereWhere引导引导2

41、2 I found my missing key where I put it last.I found my missing key where I put it last.3 3 Where there is a will,there is a way.Where there is a will,there is a way.2 2Wherever Wherever 引导引导3 3 Wherever there is sun and water,there is Wherever there is sun and water,there is life.life.4 4 The college graduates went wherever they The college graduates went wherever they could find well-paid jobs.could find well-paid jobs.5 5 练习练习P202 P202 综合检测试题综合检测试题