初中英语句子成分及五大基本句型课件课件精选课件.ppt
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1、关于初中英语句子成分及五大基本句型课件18915第一页,本课件共有65页英语词类英语词类十大词类十大词类实词(实词(6):):名词名词 动词动词 代词代词 形容词形容词 副词副词 数词数词 虚词(虚词(4):):冠词冠词 介介词词 连词连词 感叹词感叹词第二页,本课件共有65页2022/12/102词类词类缩写缩写例词例词用法用法1.名词名词n.John,room主,宾,表主,宾,表2.动词动词v.stand,be谓谓3.代词代词pron.them,everything主,宾,表主,宾,表4.形容词形容词adjgood,interesting定,表定,表5.副词副词adv.almost,bra
2、vely状状6.数词数词num.nine,first定,表定,表7.连词连词conj.and,but,because,that,while不做成分不做成分8.介词介词prep.near,from,in,on,at不做成分不做成分9.冠词冠词art.a,an,the不作成分不作成分10.感叹词感叹词interj.hello,oh,well不作成分不作成分第三页,本课件共有65页2022/12/103名词:表示某类人,事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称表示某类人,事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称在句子中作主语,宾语或表语 The bags are on the desk.I like apples.Th
3、is is a gook book.主语表语宾语第四页,本课件共有65页2022/12/104动词:表示动作或状态的词汇表示动作或状态的词汇情态动词情态动词助动词助动词实义动词实义动词系动词系动词及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词read teach likerise work gobe动词:am/is/are was/were 感官动词:feel,smell,taste,look,sound变化动词:become,get,turn,grow be,do,does,did,have,has,hadmust,can,could,shall,should.第五页,本课件共有65页2022/12/
4、105实义动词及物动词He is reading a book.Mr.Green teaches us English.不及物动词The sun rises in the east.He works hard.第六页,本课件共有65页2022/12/106系动词The food smells good.The girl is beautiful.The apple looks red.The leaves become yellow.第七页,本课件共有65页2022/12/107代词:代替名词的词代替名词的词We are students of class 16.Tom gives me an
5、 apple.Who is there?-It is me.主语宾语表语第八页,本课件共有65页2022/12/108形容词:表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词This is a red apple.She told us something interesting.The sun was hot yesterday.Lucy is tall in her class.定语后置定语表语表语第九页,本课件共有65页2022/12/109副词:用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等的词,以说明动作性质或状态。We should get up early in the morning.The movie is
6、 very interesting.Tom often goes to school by bike.状语状语第十页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1010数词基数词:one,two,three.序数词:first,second,thirdI have one book.She is the first in the class.定语定语表语表语第十一页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1011句子成分句子成分和和基本句型基本句型第十二页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1012第十三页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1013什么是句子?什么是句子?句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能
7、表句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的,是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母达一个完整概念的语言单位句子的第一个字母必须必须大写大写,结尾要有,结尾要有?!I am a teacher.Are you a student?How beautiful the girl is!第十四页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1014现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)、补语(comp
8、lement)、同位语。句子包括哪些成分?句子包括哪些成分?第十五页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1015主语:主语:主语是在句子中说明全句主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分一般由名词,代词,中心主题的部分一般由名词,代词,不定式,动名词或从句充当它的位不定式,动名词或从句充当它的位置一般在句首置一般在句首The girl is pretty.Reading is useful.To see is to believe.They are good friends.第十六页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1016谓语:谓语:谓语说明主语做什么,以什么状态或特谓语说明主语做什么,以什么状态
9、或特征存在,由简单动词或者动词短语构成征存在,由简单动词或者动词短语构成They are teachers.She looks well.He studies hard.He laughed at his classmates.He can speak English.第十七页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1017表语:表语:表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,表语说明主语是什么,或者怎么样,由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,短语,或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面短语,或者从句充当表语位于系动词后面I am a teacher.She
10、 feels happy.Everybody is here.They are at home now.He went mad.Seeing is believing.第十八页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1018宾语宾语宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短宾语是动作,行为的对象,由名词,代词,短语,不定式,动名词,从句充当它和及物动语,不定式,动名词,从句充当它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后词一起说明主语做了什么,在谓语之后She plays the piano.He often helps me.I like watching TV.She likes to go to
11、 shop this afternoon.I think that he is good boy.第十九页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1019宾语补足语宾语补足语在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还在英语中,有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思它它起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用起补充说明宾语干什么,怎么样的作用它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分它可以由名词,形容词,副词,介词短语,不定式,现在分词和过去分词充当词和过去分词充当 If you let me g
12、o,Ill make you king.Leave the door open.We found John out when we arrived.Make yourself at home.I heard my name called.第二十页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1020状语状语状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时状语用来修饰动词,形容词或副词它表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方式,程度一般由副词,介词短语,间,地点,目的,方式,程度一般由副词,介词短语,不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当,也可由从句来充当He did
13、 it carefully.He studied very hard.I was born on June 9th 1982 in Guangxi.He is writing with a pen.I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow.第二十一页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1021定语定语定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词,代词,数定语用来修饰名词或代词形容词,代词,数词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,词,名词,介词短语,不定式,动名词,分词,从句都可以充当定语从句都可以充当定语 The black bike is mine.Whats yo
14、ur name?I have 5 books.A sleeping boy is sleeping.They made paper flowers.The boy in the room is Jack.第二十二页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1022三、同位语:三、同位语:同同同同位位位位语语语语 当当当当两两两两个个个个指指指指同同同同一一一一事事事事物物物物的的的的句句句句子子子子成成成成分分分分放放放放在在在在同同同同等等等等位位位位置置置置时时时时,一一个个句句子子成成分分用用来来说说明明和和解解释释另另一一个个句句子子成成分分,这个句子成分就叫做它的同位语。这个句子成分就叫做它
15、的同位语。We students should study hard.(students是是we的的同同位位语语,都都是是指指同同一一批批学学生生)Li Lei,my brother,came to see me today.(my brother是是Li Lei的同位语)的同位语)第二十三页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1023一一)挑出下列句中的宾语挑出下列句中的宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.How many new words did you learn la
16、st class?Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.第二十四页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1024(二二)挑出下列句中的表语挑出下列句中的表语-The old man was feeling very tired.-The leaves have turned yellow.-He is a teacher while his little brother is still a junior
17、 middle school student.第二十五页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1025(三三)挑出下列句中的定语挑出下列句中的定语1.What is your given name?2.I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.3.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.4.A beautiful girl is running to us.5.The boy in the clssroom is crying.第二十六页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1026(四四)挑出下列句中的宾
18、语补足语挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 He asked her to study hard.She found it difficult to do the work.They call me Lily sometimes.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.第二十七页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1027(五五)挑出下列句中的状语挑出下列句中的状语 There was a big smile on her face.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.He began to learn English when he was
19、eleven.The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast.第二十八页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1028 With the medicine box under her arm,Miss Li hurried off.She loves the library because she loves books.第二十九页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1029句子成份练习句子成份练习1、You should study hard.2、The teacher got very angry.3、The boy told me his sto
20、ry.4、We elected him our monitor.5、The sun keeps us warm.6、I told him to open the window.7、We watched the train leaving the station.状语状语表语表语间语间语+直宾直宾宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补宾语宾语+宾补宾补第三十页,本课件共有65页2022/12/10308.I think it difficult to finish the work this morning.9.There seems little hopes of succes
21、s.10、To our joy,they arrived safe.11、The fact is very clear that our team will win the game.12.After graduation he will work where he came from.宾语宾语+宾补宾补主语主语状语状语同位语同位语状语状语第三十一页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1031第三十二页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1032按句子的结构可分三种:按句子的结构可分三种:简单句、简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句。简单句简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个:只有一个主语(
22、或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。谓语(或并列谓语)。e.g.He often reads English in the morning.Tom and Mike are American boys.They walked,talked and laughed.第三十三页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1033英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。一:一:(主谓)(主谓)二:二:(主系表)(主系表)三:三:(主谓宾)(主谓宾)四:四:(主谓间宾直宾)(主谓间宾直宾)五:五:(主谓宾宾补)(主谓宾宾
23、补)第三十四页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1034种类种类类型类型主语主语S谓语谓语动词动词v表语表语/宾宾语语p宾语宾语0宾补宾补oc第第1种种S+VWework第第种种He playsviolin.第第种种We arestudents第第种种S+v+IO+DO shegaveme a pen.第第种种S+V+O+OCHe mademelaugh第三十五页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1035基本句型一基本句型一+i(主谓)(主谓)此句型的句子有一个共同特点,此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,
24、后这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、不定式、面可以跟副词、介词短语、不定式、状语从句等。状语从句等。第三十六页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1036i(不及物动词)(不及物动词)1.Time2.Themoon3.Theman4.Weall5.Everybody6.I7.They8.He9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,anddrink.laughed?woke.talkedforhalfanhour.walkedyesterdayisplayinghavegone第三十七页,本课件共有65页2022/12/1037基本句型 二 +(主系表)(
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