戴云写作笔记(共13页).doc

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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上写作训练方法15篇 不限时写作 结构完整 300字以上610篇 1小时 350字以上 结构完整 要求：检查语法、拼写错误 跑题、表达不清问题1120篇 半小时 400字以上要求：检查语法、拼写错误 跑题、表达不清问题 润饰文章理由不能太具体 否则不容易展开 要擅于利用“万金由”各个理由的关系，必须是并列关系，排列顺序由段落长短来决定。开头1 背景论题各方观点的理由作者论点和理由背景论题反方观点（反方理由）过渡作者观点作者理由开头段写理由的好处怎样写背景：提出一种普遍的或值得关注的现象（紧扣论题）作为背景从远到近，由大到小，谈论紧扣论题的社会观点作为背景官方、权威数据，

2、调查研究结果开头2 事例论题各方观点（和理由）作者理由和论点 媒体（电视、电台、报纸、杂志和网络）的报道 朋友、邻居、同事的故事开头3 问题论题各方观点（和理由）作者论点和理由把背景用问题方式提出 连续提问（煽情式提问）开头4 “引语”论题各方观点（和理由）作者论点和理由主题句必须是陈述句 必须表面观点 不要直接写事实 由观点到事实态度必须坚决 每段都要有主题句 通常位于段首或段末结尾总结全文（论点各方观点）重述论点和理由提出建议/解决问题/深化意义把对方的优点移植到己方，把己方的观点消灭掉，提出实施方案和注意事项深化意义展望未来对国家社会的好处黄金规则一 The longer, the be

3、tter 每一个论点都要有理由 每一个理由都要有例子 每一个例子都要有细节黄金规则二-“万金由”黄金规则三 重述语意的技巧使用同义词进行替换使用同根词进行替换Oppose-oppositionBuild-buildingAnnounce-announcementExplain-explanation使用短语进行替换(Support) argue for/vote for/be in favor of(Oppose) argue against/vote against/object to/be opposed to使用全新的表达法进行替换A company has announced that

4、 it wishes to build a large factory near the community.-a large factory is supposed to built near the community according to the announcement issued by a company.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this new influence on your community.-There is a growing awareness of both the positive and ne

5、gative influences that the construction plan brings to our community.黄金规则四黄金句型 priceless sentence patterns超酷超炫超难句型大比拼注意：主题句 尽可能21格式 细节提升每个段落开头1 强调句（12）2 The more,the more (12)The more frequently we communicate with family members, the more harmonious the relationship in the family between us is.(只要涉

6、及交流都可以用)3. 倒装句（23）Sothat.以至于So big is the classroom that it may hold ten thousand people.So fast does he run that the train couldnt catch up with him. Asas(morethan) 比较结构I run as fast as he did-I run as fast as did he.表示地点、位置、范围、处所的状语或表语提前至句首My sister is among those students.-Among those students is

7、 my sister.分词或形容词短语提前至句首主语（定语）be形容词/过去分词/不及物动词现在分词介词名词主语（定语）be及物动词现在分词n.E.g. Contrary to/coincident with the opinion of many people is my heartfelt (忠心的) objection to/agreement with the idea that students should study together with classmates.Those people/parents who hold the opinion that money is t

8、he only symbol of success are satisfied with/contented with/interested in/worried about/opposed to their children finding a high-paying and long-working job.-Satisfied with/contented with/interested in/worried about/opposed to their children finding a high-paying and long-working job are those peopl

9、e/parents who hold the opinion that money is the only symbol of successArguing for those students living outside the campus are those people who hold the opinion that independence is the most critical characteristic of a university student形容词though/as+主语谓语主句Rich though he is, he is unhappy.Though th

10、e advantages (that owning a business enjoys/leads to/results in) are considerable/wonderful/numerous, they can not compete with the benefits (that working for others brings about/causes), when/if responsibility is taken into consideration/deliberation/account.Though the advantages that living in out

11、side the campus enjoys are considerable, they can not compete with the benefits that living in inside the campus brings about, when safety is taken into consideration.(通常用在第一段的最后一句话提出文章论点和理由，21文章的承上启下部分或文章的结尾) - considerable though the advantages that living in outside the campus enjoys are, they ca

12、n not compete with the benefits that living in inside the campus brings about, when safety is taken into consideration. 表示否定的副词或短语助动词主语谓语其他成分No/not/never/Neither/nor/ (全部否定)seldom/rarely/barely/scarcely/hardly（部分否定）Never will I form an idea that bicycles affect human beings life style most profoundl

13、y among all transportation means.Only状语置于句首助动词主语谓语其他成分Only though this crisis do I understand that you love me best in the world.3 比较结构和倍数关系(12)AsasA is five times as big as BA is five times bigger than BA is five times the size of B.4 修辞问句(12)When human beings enjoy their happy life, isnt it necess

14、ary that they give some consideration to those cute animals without enough playing ground?When those people enjoy their happy life outside campus, isnt it necessary that they give some consideration to the great opportunities with their classmates if they live inside campus?When those people enjoy c

15、onvenience brought by automobiles, isnt it necessary that they give some consideration to the heavily polluted air and those people who are injured severely (had) in the car accidents?When people enjoy the convenience brought the construction plan, isnt it necessary that they give some consideration

16、 to the heavily polluted air and those people who are injured severely or die in the car accident because of the traffic jam after the construction of the factory?5 并列结构(23)Teaching machines are devices that can store instructional information, present displays, receive response from a learner, and

17、act on those responses.6 虚拟语气 阐述各种假定的恶劣后果时，可以使用虚拟语气。 If we built a factory in our community, there would be much pollution. 表示建议时，可以使用虚拟语气。I suggest he (should) go now 论及不太可能会实现或不可能会实现或不希望会实现的事情时，可以使用虚拟语气。7 插入语（23次）重要的插入语列举：l indeed， surely， （however，nevertheless，nonetheless，admittedly, notwithstand

18、ing）转折，意思完全一样, obviously，besides, furthermore, briefly, similarly,l honestlyfranklygenerally (speaking)， naturally， luckilyfortunately，astonishingly, conversely, undeniably, undoubtedlyl strange to say， needless to say， most important of all， worse of alll in sumshort summary ， in other words， in a

19、sense， in general， in my viewopinionjudgment，l in consequence, in conclusion l in the first place，in addition l On the contrary, in contrastl to my joydelightsatisfaction surpriseastonishmentamazement regret disappointment，l of course, l for instanceexample, l in fact, as a matter of factl to be sur

20、e， to sum up， to tell the truth, to start with， l I am sure， I believewondersuppose， it seems， as I see it， what is important (serious)， Im afraid， it is said 语言的雕琢 聪明的 clever brilliant smart intelligent wise genius bright talented gifted quick-witted quick-minded ingenious非常 very extremely extraord

21、inarily highly unusually pretty considerably remarkably amazingly astonishingly surprisingly impressively noticeable notably 著名的 well-known famed noted celebrated renowned eminent Enjoy a nation-wide/world-wide fame/name/recognition/Celebrity/eminence /reputation be widely recognized acknowledged关于

22、regarding concerning involving as regards relating to with respect to with regard to with reference to with relation to E.g.: Concerning this issue, as far as I am concerned,I think you are very famous and cleverFrom my point of view, you are extraordinarily well-known and intelligent.文章中禁止使用的项目Abou

23、t ,get ,famous, clever, very, lovely, good, bad, big, many, important在每个名词前，试图加上一个形容词；在每个形容词前，试图加上一个副词词汇选择的标准UnderstandableAcceptableCorrect e.g. a slim/ample opportunity take care of yourself Playwright(剧作家) Gain/obtain/accumulate/acquire knowledge(获得知识)Appropriate ExactIdiomatic(合乎语言习惯的)Interestin

24、g段落的实现例证法 每个理由后面必须同时有例子 每篇文章至少两个例子提出论点列举事例分析事例得出结论（重述论点）我认为因为我觉得比如说你看举例之后 一定要强调这样的例子不胜枚举。Abraham Lincoln因果法 提出论点原因分析条件（如果这样会有什么好处/坏处，而这正是我们所需要/担心的）得出结果Lead to/result in result from Because of/due to/thanks to/owing to/by reason of/on account of For 表示“因为”时不能放在句首Because/for/since/asAs a result/outcom

25、e/consequence ofIn consequence/in the end/consequentlyTherefore/thereby/hence/thus(副词)So（连词） 比较对照法（整体、分项比较）整体比较的好处：写起来容易 整体印象完整 缺点：两者对比不鲜明分项比较的好处：两者对比特别鲜明 缺点：零碎的印象，大量的重复Interweave 交织 分类法/并列法总论点分论点一 在A方面 在B方面 在C方面分论点二分论点三定义法 衔接手段 使用连接词和短语（表示并列、转折、递进、因果、比较、对照、举例）使用代词使用语意粘连举例：同意建工厂常用词汇和结构表示第一项Firstly,

26、to begin/start with, first of all, in the first place, on the one hand, the most important reason is, first and foremost另一项 secondly, in the second place, on the other hand, besides, further more, additionally, in addition, moreover, equally important is, also, too, another最后一项 last but not the leas

27、t, most important of all, finally, thirdly, another point/reason 题型分类：观点选择 给出两个对立观点或者一个观点的对立两个方面，要求支持其中一个观点或者观点的一个方面。Do you agree or disagree with the statements: parents are the best teachers 带有绝对性的题目，驳论更好写比较对比类 给出两个对立观点或者一个观点的对立两个方面，要求进行比较论述，并给出个人观点It has been said,” Not everything that is learned

28、 is contained in books” compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?自定义类 考试频率最低、难度最大You have the opportunity to visit a foreign country for two weeks. Which country would you like to visit? Use specific

29、reasons and details to explain your choice.给出一个范围或论题 要求自己确定观点并论述、正面反面都可以写如何审题：确定题目的类别（题材/题型）确定切入点，寻找绝对词汇(never/conly/anything/best)和其他带有限制性含义的词语（形容词、介词短语）列提纲时间短于两分钟简短提纲观点理由闪现的句子和名言主体框架11 支持面理由 两点论述21（两种）A型 支持面优点的充分论述反对面的缺点一到两点的简略改进（自由选室友 or 学校决定）B型 支持面的理由两点充分论述支持面的另一个理由简略论述21（两种）重点推荐A 支持面优点两点充分论述反对面优点一到两点的简略改进B 讨论点的优点两点充分论述讨论点的缺点一到两点论述折中方案各种题型的框架观点选择类：11、 21 、21、折中方案专心-专注-专业