商务英语精读1unit-1知识分享.ppt

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1、Teaching Courseware:New Business EnglishIntensive ReadingBook One 第一页，共37页。Unit One-Reading IThe Essentials of Business Warm-up Text Translation Notes New Words Examples Exercises Extended Activities第二页，共37页。I.Work with your group and think out as many words,phrases or expressions as possible about

2、business.People or Organizations Engaged in Business:Company,firm,enterprise,joint-venture,corporation,individual company,collective factory,private company,conglomerate，manager,merchant,salesman,businessman;Places to Conduct Business Activities:Market,department store,supermarket,stock exchange,hot

3、el,restaurant,bank;Other Terms Frequently Used in Business Operation:Sell,buy,goods,order,profit,interest,invoice,check,bill,consumer,customer.第三页，共37页。II.Pairwork:1)Are you interested in business?Why or not?2)What activities do you think can be labeled as business activities?3)Have you ever been in

4、volved in any business activities before?4)What do you think is important for success in todays business world?Good management,adequate planning,sufficient financial resources,healthy cash flow,controlled spending and the ability to collect money owing,effective marketing,a good product and service.

5、第四页，共37页。relate v.construct v.accomplish v.bond n.stock n.distribute v.What words can you associate with the pictures?第五页，共37页。finance v.extract v.accounting n.insurance n.capital n.factor n.第六页，共37页。venture n.limit n.estate n.process v.share n.bankrupt a.第七页，共37页。data n.initiate v.purchase v.credit

6、or n.secure v.conduct v.第八页，共37页。refer v.warehouse n.venture n.innovative a.entrepreneur n.yield v.manufacture v.profit n.第九页，共37页。Cultural BackgroundA.Business(A.Business(生意生意(shngy)(shngy)In business English,business means the organized In business English,business means the organized effort of in

7、dividuals effort of individuals toto produce and sell,for a profit,the produce and sell,for a profit,the goods and services that satisfy societys needs.goods and services that satisfy societys needs.Generally business can mean buying or selling goods Generally business can mean buying or selling goo

8、ds or services.That is the activity of making money by or services.That is the activity of making money by producing or buying and selling goods,or by providing producing or buying and selling goods,or by providing services.When it is used in this meaning,it is services.When it is used in this meani

9、ng,it is uncountable.It can also be used uncountable.It can also be used toto refer refer toto an an organization such a company,shop,or factory that organization such a company,shop,or factory that produces or sells goods or provides a service.When it produces or sells goods or provides a service.W

10、hen it is used in this meaning,it is countable.is used in this meaning,it is countable.第十页，共37页。Cultural BackgroundB.Entrepreneur(企业家)A person who risks his or her time,effort,and money to start and operate a business is called an entrepreneur.第十一页，共37页。Cultural BackgroundC.Types of business Busines

11、ses are generally of three types.Manufacturing businesses(or manufacturers)are organized to process various materials into tangible goods,such as trucks or towels.Service businesses produce services,such as haircuts or legal advice.And some firms-called middlemen-are organized to buy the goods produ

12、ced by manufacturers and then resell them.第十二页，共37页。译 文:商 务 的 性 质1 商务是与物质相关的人类活动。商务对人类文明是必要的。它存在于所有社会形态中，即使是最简单的社会。商务会包括商品生产，例如制造飞机、修建房屋和生产纸盒。它也包括为生产活动提供金融财政服务。如贷款、股票和债券交易、销售有关获取商务资本的保险单。其他形式的商务包括买卖交易，这是销售产品和提供各种服务，例如会计、分销和维修。所以，商务是生产和销售商品以及服务的活动。2 我们研究商务时，有必要了解生产的四个基本要素。这四个因素是土地、劳动力、资本和企业家素质。这四个术语是

13、什么意思呢？3 要想生产东西，使用土地是必须的。这里，土地这个术语被广义使用。它不仅(bjn)指我们可能建工厂的一块房地产，而且还指所有第十三页，共37页。用于生产的所有原材料。我们发现一些原材料在地球表面，如用来用于生产的所有原材料。我们发现一些原材料在地球表面，如用来生产木材的树木。发现其他原材料在地表下面，在矿山和油井里，生产木材的树木。发现其他原材料在地表下面，在矿山和油井里，还有其他原料，可以还有其他原料，可以(ky)从空气中提取。所有用于生产的原材料从空气中提取。所有用于生产的原材料都来自于土地、空气和海洋。都来自于土地、空气和海洋。4 劳动力是指使用脑力和体力来生产商品。大部分劳

14、动力用在把原劳动力是指使用脑力和体力来生产商品。大部分劳动力用在把原材料变为成品和分销这些产品到买家的过程。在工业化国家中，一材料变为成品和分销这些产品到买家的过程。在工业化国家中，一般是脑力劳动多于体力劳动。例如，在制造业和农业上，机器完成般是脑力劳动多于体力劳动。例如，在制造业和农业上，机器完成那些非常累人的体力工作，而过去常由没什么技能的人去做。那些非常累人的体力工作，而过去常由没什么技能的人去做。5 在另外一些国家，电脑给机器人编程序，还有其他形式的数据处在另外一些国家，电脑给机器人编程序，还有其他形式的数据处理设备做许多过去耗费大量脑力劳动的工作。因此，在一定程度上，理设备做许多过去

15、耗费大量脑力劳动的工作。因此，在一定程度上，下一个因素，资本，可以下一个因素，资本，可以(ky)用来取代劳动力或减少人们用于商用来取代劳动力或减少人们用于商务活动的体力和脑力劳动的数量。务活动的体力和脑力劳动的数量。第十四页，共37页。6 在日常用语中，资本有几种意思。最普通的意思是财富或金钱。在日常用语中，资本有几种意思。最普通的意思是财富或金钱。但它也指钱购买的设备。作为生产的基本要素之一，资本指工人但它也指钱购买的设备。作为生产的基本要素之一，资本指工人用于生产和分销商品的一切东西。它包括工具、机器、建筑物，用于生产和分销商品的一切东西。它包括工具、机器、建筑物，例如工厂和生产、储存商品

16、的仓库。因此，资本指帮助生产和销例如工厂和生产、储存商品的仓库。因此，资本指帮助生产和销售商品的一切东西。售商品的一切东西。7 把土地、劳力、资本整合成有价值的东西，就是所谓的企业家把土地、劳力、资本整合成有价值的东西，就是所谓的企业家素质。企业家是指负责控制和指导其他素质。企业家是指负责控制和指导其他(qt)三个因素的人。企三个因素的人。企业家不用自己干活，除非他也是一名工人。在商业中，工人执行业家不用自己干活，除非他也是一名工人。在商业中，工人执行企业家的命令。他是领导人，员工听他指挥。企业家的命令。他是领导人，员工听他指挥。8 企业家素质包括其他企业家素质包括其他(qt)一些重要活动。企

17、业家负责启动商一些重要活动。企业家负责启动商业活动。他必须通过整合土地、劳力和资本来开始他的业务。下业活动。他必须通过整合土地、劳力和资本来开始他的业务。下一步，他必须通过为商业运作做大的决策来管理企业。为了成功，一步，他必须通过为商业运作做大的决策来管理企业。为了成功，企业家还必须创新。他必须寻求新产品或新的生产方法，新的企业家还必须创新。他必须寻求新产品或新的生产方法，新的第十五页，共37页。分销方式或提供新的服务。他必须能够判断人们发明创造的价值，不论它是一个新玩具，一个新的归档方法，或一种新的广告方式。最后，他承担业务的所有风险。9 每个与业务相关的人都分担业务的风险。当公司破产(p

18、chn)时，也就是说，公司没有能力偿付其债务时，许多人会有麻烦。员工会很困难地到别处找工作；顾客必须寻找其他地方购买产品；债权人通常会失去投资该公司的一些钱。但是，无论成功或失败，企业家承担的风险最大。他必须竭尽所能支付。如果他精明能干、运气好，那么，他从公司经营中获得的钱在支付土地、劳力和资本之后，还有一些多余的钱。这笔额外款项就是利润。如果他从公司经营中获得的钱，不足够以支付所有的成本费用，那么，这个差额就是亏损。译者：周荆洪第十六页，共37页。Word Study第十七页，共37页。1.risk n.1)n.1)风险，危险性：风险，危险性：【例句【例句(lj)(lj)】There is

19、a risk.There is a risk.有很大危险性。有很大危险性。2)a danger 2)a danger 危险：危险：Fishermen face a lot of risks in their daily lives.Fishermen face a lot of risks in their daily lives.渔民在日常生活中面临着很多危险。渔民在日常生活中面临着很多危险。3)(3)(某种某种)险；被保人，被保物：险；被保人，被保物：【例句【例句(lj)(lj)】fire riskfire risk火险火险 He is a good risk.He is a good r

20、isk.他是个条件好的被保对象。他是个条件好的被保对象。vt.1)vt.1)下赌注：下赌注：【例句【例句(lj)(lj)】He risked his fame.He risked his fame.他以他的名声作赌他以他的名声作赌 2)2)冒冒的危险：的危险：【例句【例句(lj)(lj)】He risked his life for honors sake.He risked his life for honors sake.他为了名誉而甘冒生命危险。他为了名誉而甘冒生命危险。相关搭配：相关搭配：at all risks at all risks无论冒多大风险无论冒多大风险 at risk a

21、t risk 在危险中在危险中 at the risk of at the risk of 冒着冒着的危险的危险 相关词相关词 risky adj.dangerous risky adj.dangerous 危险的危险的第十八页，共37页。a.They will go ahead with their plans,even at the risk of offending the local people.b.Anyone traveling without a passport runs the risk of being arrested.c.The businessman is craz

22、y to risk his money on an investment like that.第十九页，共37页。2.perform vt.1)vt.1)做；完成；实行：（比做；完成；实行：（比 do,carry out do,carry out 正式）正式）【例句】【例句】The doctor performed a difficult operation.The doctor performed a difficult operation.2)2)履行，执行（允诺，命令）履行，执行（允诺，命令）【例句】【例句】He performed his duty faithfully.He perf

23、ormed his duty faithfully.他忠实地履行了他的职责。他忠实地履行了他的职责。3)3)指挥指挥(zhhu)(zhhu)或举行（仪式）或举行（仪式）【例句】【例句】The ceremony was performed on April fifteenth.The ceremony was performed on April fifteenth.vi.1)(vi.1)(机器机器)操作操作 【例句】【例句】Is that new car performing well?Is that new car performing well?那辆新车好开吗那辆新车好开吗?2)(2)(人

24、人)表现表现 【例句】【例句】He performs well under pressure.He performs well under pressure.在艰难情况下他表现得很坚强。在艰难情况下他表现得很坚强。相关词相关词 performance n.performance n.1)1)执行，履行，实现执行，履行，实现 2)2)表演，表演，演出演出 3)3)性能，能力性能，能力 performer n.performer n.表演者表演者第二十页，共37页。a.The mayor will perform the opening ceremony for the International

25、 Movie Festival.b.Every decent person should know that one should always perform what one promises.c.The news said that the companys performance was disappointing last year.第二十一页，共37页。3.replacevt.1)vt.1)放回放回 【例句】【例句】He replaced the book on the shelf.He replaced the book on the shelf.他把书放回架上。他把书放回架上。

26、2)2)送还送还 【例句】【例句】Has he replaced the borrowed money?Has he replaced the borrowed money?他借的钱还了没有？他借的钱还了没有？3)3)代替，代替，取代取代 【例句】【例句】Horses have been replaced by cars.Horses have been replaced by cars.马已被汽车马已被汽车(qch)(qch)所代替所代替？相关词相关词 replacement n.replacement n.代替，替换代替，替换第二十二页，共37页。a.The shopkeeper said

27、 he would replace the radio set if we were not satisfied.b.George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.c.We must find a replacement for Sue while she is away on holiday.第二十三页，共37页。4.limitn.1).n.1).界限，界限，界线，界线，边界边界 2).2).限度，范围，限度，范围，极限极限 【例句】【例句】His energy seems His energy seems toto have no li

28、mits.have no limits.他的精力似乎无限。他的精力似乎无限。3).3).限制，限制，限定【例句】限定【例句】speed limitspeed limit vt.vt.限定，限制限定，限制 【例句】【例句】Our holidays are limited Our holidays are limited toto two weeks a year.two weeks a year.相关相关(xinggun)(xinggun)搭配：搭配：limit sth./sb.limit sth./sb.toto 限定于限定于 【例句】【例句】Ill limit myself Ill limi

29、t myself toto the discussion of this topic.the discussion of this topic.我将只限于讨论这个题我将只限于讨论这个题目。目。within the limits of within the limits of 在在的范围内的范围内 without limits without limits无限制的，无限的无限制的，无限的 reach the limit of ones resources reach the limit of ones resources 山穷水尽山穷水尽 相关相关(xinggun)(xinggun)词词 lim

30、itation n.an act of limiting limitation n.an act of limiting 限度，限度，极限，范围极限，范围 limited adj.having a limit,narrow limited adj.having a limit,narrow 有限的，有限的，限定的，限定的，狭窄的狭窄的 limitless adj.without limit or end limitless adj.without limit or end无限的，无止境的无限的，无止境的第二十四页，共37页。a.The climbers had reached the limi

31、t of their endurance.b.The parents asked their kids to keep spending within limits.c.The government has planned to limit land development in order to preserve the environment.第二十五页，共37页。5.sharen.1)n.1)一份，一份，份儿。份儿。份额份额 【例句】【例句】His company now commands a larger share of trade in the European market.Hi

32、s company now commands a larger share of trade in the European market.现在他的公司在欧洲市场的贸易中占很大的份额。现在他的公司在欧洲市场的贸易中占很大的份额。2).2).股，股，股份股份 【例句】【例句】The company was formed with 3000 shares.The company was formed with 3000 shares.该公司由该公司由3000 3000 股组成股组成(z chn)(z chn)。v.have a share with sb.else v.have a share w

33、ith sb.else 分享，分担，共享，共用分享，分担，共享，共用 【例句】【例句】They share their joys and sorrows.They share their joys and sorrows.他们同甘共苦。他们同甘共苦。相关搭配：相关搭配：have/take a/ones share in have/take a/ones share in 分担，参加分担，参加 on/upon shares on/upon shares 共负盈亏，共负盈亏，同甘共苦同甘共苦第二十六页，共37页。a.You must accept your share of responsibil

34、ity for the failure of the firm.b.Their supreme desire is to be together to share each others emotions,fancies,and dreams.c.We still have the largest market share,but the competition is growing fast.第二十七页，共37页。第二十八页，共37页。Key to Translation第二十九页，共37页。1.1.The crew of an airliner should be responsible

35、for the The crew of an airliner should be responsible for the safety of all the passengers.safety of all the passengers.2.2.Please distribute these English newspapers and magazines to Please distribute these English newspapers and magazines to every subscriber as soon as possible.every subscriber as

36、 soon as possible.3.3.The college has decided on a lecture series and business The college has decided on a lecture series and business English majors must be present.English majors must be present.4.4.For additional explanation,please refer to page 58 of For additional explanation,please refer to p

37、age 58 of the teachers reference book.the teachers reference book.第三十页，共37页。5.5.Most people will be interested in what relates to Most people will be interested in what relates to themselves.themselves.6.6.Recently,more and more people have gone into business.Recently,more and more people have gone

38、into business.7.7.A businessman who sells goods in bulk is called a wholesaler.A businessman who sells goods in bulk is called a wholesaler.8.8.Its reported that nowadays wages are still one step ahead of Its reported that nowadays wages are still one step ahead of prices.prices.第三十一页，共37页。Grammar F

39、ocus Countable and Uncountable Nouns第三十二页，共37页。1.不可数名词不可数名词(mng c)通常指不能直接计数的名词(mng c)（如land,advice等）表示材料和成分的物质名词(mng c)，如coal,oil,air,cloth 等，和表示抽象概念的抽象名词(mng c)，music,love,equality,modernization,trade,service,education 等。第三十三页，共37页。2.集合名词(mng c)的单复数用法 集合名词指的是同一类人或物的集合体，其中(qzhng)有的是复数含义。例如police,cat

40、tle,clothes,people,goods 等；但有的集合名词也是不可数名词，如furniture,equipment,merchandise,machinery 等。第三十四页，共37页。3.名词单复数的特殊(tsh)变化 1)1)大多数名词直接加大多数名词直接加-s:-s:如如soldier,model,car,joke soldier,model,car,joke 等。等。2)2)以以s,x,ch,sh s,x,ch,sh 结尾加结尾加-es:-es:如如 bus,boss,match,sketch bus,boss,match,sketch 等。等。3 3）以）以o o结尾的单词

41、结尾的单词(dnc)(dnc)：a.a.有些加有些加-es:-es:如如hero,potato,tomato,echohero,potato,tomato,echo等。等。b.b.有些加有些加-s:-s:如如 piano,photo,tobacco,memo piano,photo,tobacco,memo 等。等。c.c.有些加有些加-s/-es-s/-es 均可：如均可：如cargo,motto,volcano cargo,motto,volcano 等。等。4)4)一些以一些以f f或或fe fe 结尾的可数名词复数需要把结尾的可数名词复数需要把f f 或或fefe变为变为vesves。

42、如如:half,knife,leaf,life,:half,knife,leaf,life,shelf,thief,wife,wolf shelf,thief,wife,wolf 等。等。5)5)不规则变化不规则变化 foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,child-children,ox-oxen,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,mouse-mice,child-children,ox-oxen,phenomenon-phenomena,formula-formulae,criterion-criteri

43、a,basis-bases,thesis-phenomenon-phenomena,formula-formulae,criterion-criteria,basis-bases,thesis-theses,crisis-crisestheses,crisis-crises 6)6)单复数相同单复数相同 deer,headquarters,means,series,species,sheep deer,headquarters,means,series,species,sheep等。等。第三十五页，共37页。4.可数名词和不可数名词的转化(zhunhu)1)1)当抽象名词表示抽象概念时，当抽象

44、名词表示抽象概念时，为不可数名词；但当抽象名词的意义具为不可数名词；但当抽象名词的意义具体化时，体化时，该名词为可数名词。如：该名词为可数名词。如：She was a beauty in her youth.(She was a beauty in her youth.(美人美人)She had much beauty in her youth,She had much beauty in her youth,（美丽动人的气质）（美丽动人的气质）2)2)动物的名称作个体解释动物的名称作个体解释(jish)(jish)时为可数名词；作肉解释时为可数名词；作肉解释(jish)(jish)时时为不可

45、数名词。为不可数名词。如：如：There are many chickens in the yard.(There are many chickens in the yard.(小鸡小鸡)I like chicken.(I like chicken.(鸡肉鸡肉)3)iron 3)iron 解释解释(jish)(jish)为为“铁铁”时为不可数名词；解释时为不可数名词；解释(jish)(jish)为为“熨熨斗斗”时为可数名词。如：时为可数名词。如：Iron is harder than aluminum.(Iron is harder than aluminum.(铁铁)We need an i

46、ron.We need an iron.（熨斗）（熨斗）4)experience 4)experience 解释解释(jish)(jish)为为“经验经验”时，为不可数名词；解释时，为不可数名词；解释(jish)(jish)为为“经历经历”时，为可数名词。如；时，为可数名词。如；we share a common experience.we share a common experience.（经历）（经历）I have not much experience in teaching.I have not much experience in teaching.（经验）（经验）第三十六页，共3

47、7页。4.可数名词和不可数名词的转化(zhunhu)5)hair 5)hair 解释为解释为“头发头发”时，是不可数名词；但若强调一根根头发或几缕头发，则时，是不可数名词；但若强调一根根头发或几缕头发，则是可数。如：是可数。如：These old men have long hair.These old men have long hair.（长头发）（长头发）She has some grey hairs.(She has some grey hairs.(几根花白的头发几根花白的头发)6 6）paper paper 解释为解释为“纸张纸张”时，为不可数名词；解释为时，为不可数名词；解释为“

48、考卷考卷”、“报纸报纸”或或“文件文件”时，为可数名词。时，为可数名词。7)room 7)room 解释为解释为“房间房间”时，是可数名词；解释为时，是可数名词；解释为“空间空间”时，是不可数名词。时，是不可数名词。例如：例如：Make room for me,please.Make room for me,please.8)glass 8)glass 表示表示(biosh)“(biosh)“玻璃玻璃”时，是不可数名词；解释为时，是不可数名词；解释为“玻璃杯玻璃杯”时，是时，是可数名词；可数名词；glasses glasses 还可以解释为还可以解释为“眼镜眼镜”，是复数形式。，是复数形式。9

49、)space 9)space 表示表示(biosh)“(biosh)“空间；太空空间；太空”时，为不可数名词；表示时，为不可数名词；表示(biosh)“(biosh)“空空格格”时，为可数名词。时，为可数名词。10)word 10)word 表示表示(biosh)“(biosh)“词语词语”时，为可数名词；表示时，为可数名词；表示(biosh)“(biosh)“消息消息”时，时，为不可数名词。例如：为不可数名词。例如：How many words are there in this article?(How many words are there in this article?(单词单词)Word came that the war had ended.(Word came that the war had ended.(消息消息)第三十七页，共37页。