初中阅读七选五做题技巧教学资料.ppt

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1、初中阅读七选五做题技巧初中阅读七选五做题技巧题题型解型解读读：试题模式试题模式：给出一篇缺少给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、对应有七个选项，要求考生根据文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。考查重点：考查重点：主要考查考生对文章的整体内容主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。（考试说明）（考试说明）选项特点：选项特点：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）主旨概括句（文章整体内容）过渡性句子（文章结构）过渡性句子（文章结构）注释性句子（上下文

2、逻辑意义）注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）浏览选项浏览选项，理解七个选项句子的具体语意。，理解七个选项句子的具体语意。速读全文，关注速读全文，关注每段首尾句每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。了解大意知主题。理清理清全篇全篇结构与结构与逻辑关系逻辑关系,找出关键词句。找出关键词句。运用运用线索特征词汇线索特征词汇帮助推断帮助推断 充分充分利用利用逻辑关系词汇。逻辑关系词汇。还回原文，确定答案，最后再来顺一遍还回原文，确定答案，最后再来顺一遍七选五阅读理解题的解题技巧:1)如果问题在段首如果问题在段首 通常是段落主题句通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同

3、义词或其他相关的词，推断出主一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题题句。关注每段首尾句，了解大意知主题2)如果问题在段尾如果问题在段尾 通常是通常是结论、概括性语句结论、概括性语句。注意在。注意在选项中查找表示选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如，如therefore,as a result,in short,in a word等词语，选项中也可发现等词语，选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。前文的同义词句。根据试题所在位置确定不同的解根据试题所在位置确定不同的解题策略题策略：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）主旨概括句（文章整体

4、内容）1)首段首段首句首句2)中间段中间段首句首句3)末段末段首句首句文章主题，首尾呼应文章主题，首尾呼应靠上下文承接做题靠上下文承接做题总结下文总结下文 本段主题本段主题文章主题，首尾呼应文章主题，首尾呼应 Ex.1 _ Every day,when she comes back home from work,she sets about doing housework,sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture,and putting everything in order.She seems to be

5、busy all the time.Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself,but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us.A.she enjoys listening to class music.B.She never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.C.My mother is hardworking and never wastes money.D.As a mother,she tak

6、es good care of us and gives us every comfort.段首段首 Ex.2 Notallpastpredictionshavebeenprovedwrong._Somegreatthinkerspredictedthearrivalofthecreditcard,thefaxmachineandeventheinternet-yearsbeforetheyhappened.A.PredictionsoftheFutureB.A few of them have been surprisinglyaccurate.(准确的准确的)C.Ithasntappear

7、yet.段中段中 Ex.3 NowadaysinChina,parentscareabouttheirchildrenseducationmorethananythingelse.Theyspendalotcoachingtheirchildrenintheirstudies.Someevenhireteachersfortheirchildren.Manyhavetheirchildrensenttoafter-classschools._.A.Itseemsasifabettereducationisallthatparentsexpectfortheirchildren.B.Skills

8、andknowledgemeanscompetition.C.Skillsandknowledgedoesntmeanall.段尾段尾语意连贯和段落一致性语意连贯和段落一致性Its very important for parents to help their children reduce pressure.When your child is stressed,please try the following tips.1._ Please ask your child what is wrong.Get him or her to talk abou his or her proble

9、ms and listen carefully.A.Stay together with your child B.Ask and listen C.Speak out your childs feelings D.Let your child exercise and relax E.Make your child an organized personBIts very important for parents to help their children reduce pressure.When your child is stressed,please try the followi

10、ng tips.2._ Let your child know that you worry about him or her by saying something like“You must be upset.”A.Stay together with your child B.Ask and listen C.Speak out your childs feelings D.Let your child exercise and relax E.Make your child an organized personCIts very important for parents to he

11、lp their children reduce pressure.When your child is stressed,please try the following tips.3._ Even if your child doesnt want to talk,he or she may still hope that you can spend time with him or her.Taking a walk or going to the movies with him or her can show that you care about him or her.A.Stay

12、together with your child B.Ask and listen C.Speak out your childs feelings D.Let your child exercise and relax E.Make your child an organized personAIts very important for parents to help their children reduce pressure.When your child is stressed,please try the following tips.4._ Teach your child go

13、od organizational skills early.This will make his or her work easier.A.Stay together with your child B.Ask and listen C.Speak out your childs feelings D.Let your child exercise and relax E.Make your child an organized personEIts very important for parents to help their children reduce pressure.When

14、your child is stressed,please try the following tips.5._ Encourage your child to join a sports team or do some running.Also make sure your child spends some time doing what he or she enjoys.A.Stay together with your child B.Ask and listen C.Speak out your childs feelings D.Let your child exercise an

15、d relax E.Make your child an organized personD 1._Today,therearehundredsofdifferenttypesofrockmusic,andalmosteverycountryhasitsownformofrockmusic.Thereis“heavymetal”whichisveryloudwithhardrhythms,“rap”thatdevelopedonthestreetsofNewYork,“disco”,atypeofsoftrockmusicfordancing.andmanymore.A.Rock and ro

16、ll B.What todays rock music is like C.What popular music is D.The changes of country music E.Traditional folk music F.What country music isB2._Rockandrollcamefromjazzandbluesduringthe1950s.OneofthefirstveryfamousrockandrollsingerswasElvisPresley.Now,almosteverycountryhasmanyrockandrollbandsandsinger

17、s.Someperformerscalltheirmusicbydifferentnames,likeraporpunk.A.Rock and roll B.What todays rock music is like C.What popular music is D.The changes of country music E.Traditional folk music F.What country music isA 3._Themusicthatmostpeopleliketosingandplaytodayiscalledpopularmusic.Thisincludestheso

18、ngsthatyouhearontheradio,inmovies,andonTV.Someofthemostpopularkindsofmusicnowarerockandrollandthecountrywesternmusic.A.Rock and roll B.What todays rock music is like C.What popular music is D.The changes of country music E.Traditional folk music F.What country music isc4._Countrymusicknownascountryw

19、esternmusichasalonghistory.Itcomesfromthefolksongsofimmigrants(移民移民)fromBritain.Countrymusicusessimplemusicandwordstoexpresseverydayfeelingssuchasloneliness,loveandsadness.A.Rock and roll B.What todays rock music is like C.What popular music is D.The changes of country music E.Traditional folk music

20、 F.What country music isF5._CountrymusicbecamepopularfirstamongcowboysintheAmericanwesterncountryside.Cowboysusedtosingpeacefulandbeautifulsongstocalmanimalsandgetovertheirownfear.Inrecentyears,manymusicianshavemadecountrywesternmusicalittledifferentfromthemusicinthepast.Thesechangesmakethesongssoun

21、devenbetter.Choosetherighttopicforeachparagraphaccordingtothepassage.Oneofthemisnotuseful.A.Rock and roll B.What todays rock music is like C.What popular music is D.The changes of country music E.Traditional folk music F.What country music isD1)词汇复现法词汇复现法复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常复现，是保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文

22、使用的一种写作手段，即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对章上下文不同的位置对同一个概念同一个概念进行进行重复重复描述。复现关系，主要是描述。复现关系，主要是指指同义词复现同义词复现、近义词复现、反义近义词复现、反义词复现词复现等。等。Ex1_Everyonelikesapersonwhoisgoodatcooperatingwithothers.Besides,inoursocietymostproblemscantbesolvedbyonepersonalone.Cooperationisbecomingoneofthemostimportantwaysforpeoplelivinginthede

23、velopingsociety.PartIPassage1A.Cooperationisalsonecessary.BFailureisthemotherofsuccess,CThenwemaybeconfidentenoughtofacechallenges.DWemeetchallengeseverydayandweneedtosolvethem.cooperatingCooperation2)词汇同现法词汇同现法词汇同现是指属于词汇同现是指属于同一词汇同一词汇或者或者跟此词汇跟此词汇相关同一领域的词汇相关同一领域的词汇在文章中共同出现，达在文章中共同出现，达到语义衔接的目的。你可以到语义

24、衔接的目的。你可以在选项中找到与在选项中找到与此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准此词汇最接近的词，从而达到快而准。一般。一般来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的来说，上下文中词汇联系越接近，上下文的衔接关系越紧密。衔接关系越紧密。Ex2.half of shoppers refused to queue for more than five minutes in a high street shop.The Internet,which allows shoppers to buy more goods,with just a click of the mouse,is one of the

25、reason why peoples patience appears to be thin._ A.It was typical in the past.B.But it would seem we are no longer prepared to wait in line.C.More people prefer to click the mouse for shopping at home D.As a result,food and drink sellers are having to find new ways to deliver good customer service.E

26、x3On the other hand,the advantages of going overseas may include day-to-day opportunities to learn a new culture,meet new friends with whom you can use and practice the language,and chances to see different parts of the world._Those disadvantages include expense,time away from ones school,family,A.T

27、he following are its advantages.B.However,there may be a number of disadvantages.C.Consider a distance education.D.Most of us are adapted to studying at school.3)代词线索代词线索英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的英语表达中代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，作用无非是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数巧妙利用这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题

28、。差异可以准确而快速地解题。Ex3_Theygivemorebackgroundanddetails.Theyalsoletyoureadpartsthatareimportanttoyouandskiptherest.A.BothtelevisionandtheInternethavemanydisadvantages.B.Other high-tech timesavers have similardisadvantages.C.Newspapers and magazines have someimportantadvantages.TheyNewspapersandmagazinesr

29、eadEx4._It is a very happy day for many boys and girls.Before the terms ends in some schools,the children act a nativity（基督诞生）（基督诞生）or“birth”play,showing how Jesus was born in a stable(马厩）。马厩）。A.People are often busy going shoppingB.Now the Chinese people also celebrate Christmas.C.The turkey or chi

30、cken is quickly eaten.D.Christmas Day falls on the twentyfifty of December.Ex5That happens in the 1980s.And,most recently,she says many kinds of people have joined the movement._They represent many races,regions and political beliefs.A.They are mainly rich peopleB.Parents choose homeschooling for se

31、veral reasons.C.Most often,their parents are their teachers.D.She says these include rich people and poor people.4)数字线索数字线索包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇包括具体数字以及和数字相关的词汇等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行等。作者列出数字，除了和其他数字进行对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一对比和比较之外，还可以用数据来说明一个观点。个观点。Ex.6 As in China,the weather is different from area to area._1_ T

32、he temperatures can fall to 60，which is 60 below freezing.In the capital,Ottawa,the average of winter temperature is-10,and in summer 21._2_ The average January temperature is 3,and in July it is 18 A.Canada is famous for the kind of paper which is used for newspapersB.Canada is the second largest c

33、ountry in the world.C.The west coast of Canada is the warmest place in winterD.In the North,the winters are long and hard with snow for six months.E.For two centuries English and French settlers struggled against each other.(a)并列与递进关系：并列与递进关系：and,or,also,eithernor,eitheror,in the same way,that is to

34、 say,as well as,the same as,besides,what is more5)逻辑关系线索逻辑关系线索 Ex.7 Animportantquestionabouteatingoutiswhopaysforthemeal.Ifafriendofyoursasksyoutohavelunchwithhim,youmaysaysomethinglikethis,Imafraiditllhavetobesomeplacecheap,asIhaveverylittlemoney.Theotherpersonmaysay,OK,IllmeetyouatMcDonalds.Thisme

35、ansthatthetwoagreetogoDutch,thatis,.A.This means the person wants to pay for both of you.B.They enjoy the delicious food together.C.Each person pays for himself.D.Its polite to pay for others.(b)因果关系：因果关系：because,for,since,as,therefore,so,sothat,thanks to,as a result,because of,for this reason,of co

36、urseEx.7_ Some choose it because of their religious beliefs.Others say it provides more time for the family to be together.They say home offers a better place for learning.Some parents.A.So a number of parents began home-schooling B.Home schooling is not accepted by all the people C.Parents choose h

37、ome schooling for several reasons D.Most often,their parents are their teachers(c)转折让步关系：转折让步关系：but,however,yet,on the other hand,unfortunately,while,instead of,it is true that,of course,although,though,even though,even ifEx.8This could be watching TV or listening to music.Doing some exercises earli

38、er in the day should help you feel physically as well as mentally tired._However,coffee or tea should be avoided as they contain caffeine and will keep you awake.A.So,whats a good sleep?B.A bedtime drink can also help C.Having a good sleep will keep you lively the whole day.(d)时间关系：时间关系：at first,at

39、last,finally,first,firstly,in the first place,to start with，in the mean time,last,later,next,second,secondly,then,third,thirdly,to begin with以及一些具体的时以及一些具体的时间。间。(Ex.9 Taking good notes is a time saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways._ Second,your notes are excell

40、ent materials to refer to when you are studying for a test.Third,note-taking offers.A.Use words,not complete sentences.B.You must write your notes on separate paper.C.First,the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you to understand and remember.D.There are three practical note-taking methods.SecondThird七选五阅读理解题的解题技巧:速读全文，关注速读全文，关注每段首尾句每段首尾句，了解大意知主题。了解大意知主题。浏览选项浏览选项，理解七个选项句子的具体语意。，理解七个选项句子的具体语意。理清理清全篇全篇结构与结构与逻辑关系逻辑关系,找出关键词句。找出关键词句。运用运用线索特征词汇线索特征词汇帮助推断帮助推断 充分充分利用利用逻辑关系词汇。逻辑关系词汇。还回原文，确定答案，最后再来顺一遍还回原文，确定答案，最后再来顺一遍