句子成分的理解和分析课件.ppt

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1、什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)和补语（complement）。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种五种基本句型列式如下：一：（主谓）二：

2、（主系表）三：（主谓宾）四：（主谓间宾直宾）五：（主谓宾宾补）基本句型基本句型 一：一：（主谓）（主谓）主语主语：可以作主语的成分有名词名词（如boy），主格代词主格代词（如you），动词动词不定式不定式，动名词动名词等。主语一般在句首句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！谓语谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come.此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句副词、介词短语、状语从句等。（不及物动词）（不及

3、物动词）1.The sun was shining.太阳在照耀着。2.The moon rose.月亮升起了。3.The universe remains.宇宙长存。4.We all breathe,eat,and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5.Who cares?管它呢？6.What he said does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。7.They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。8.The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型基本句型 二：二：（主系表）（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语

4、动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,keep,seem等属一类，表示情况情况；get,grow,become,turn等属另一类，表示变化变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻（是系动词）（是系动词）1.This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。2

5、.The dinner smells good.午餐的气味很好。3.He fell in love.他堕入了情网。4.Everything looks different.一切看来都不同了。5.He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮6.The troubleis that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。7.Our well has gone dry.我们井干枯了。8.His face turned red.他的脸红了。There be 结构：There be 表示存在有。这里的there没有实际意义，不可与副词there

6、那里混淆。此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/前一个there无实意，后一个there为副词那里。基本句型基本句型基本句型基本句型 三：三：三：三：（主谓宾）（主谓宾）（主谓宾）（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义实义，都是主，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾宾语语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及及物动词物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一

7、般。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是 代词宾格代词宾格，如：，如：meme，himhim，themthem等等 （及物动词）（及物动词）（及物动词）（及物动词）1.Who 1.Who knows knows the answer?the answer?谁知道答案？谁知道答案？2.She 2.She smiled smiled her thanks.her thanks.她微笑表示感谢。她微笑表示感谢。3.He 3.He has refused has refused to help them.to help the

8、m.他拒绝帮他们。他拒绝帮他们。4.He 4.He enjoys enjoys reading.reading.他喜欢看书。他喜欢看书。5.They 5.They ate ate what was left over.what was left over.他们吃了剩饭。他们吃了剩饭。6.He 6.He said said Good morning.Good morning.他说：他说：早上好！早上好！7.I 7.I want want to have a cup of tea.to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。我想喝杯茶。8.He 8.He admits admits th

9、at he was mistaken.that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。他承认犯了错误。基本句型基本句型 四：四：（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有有些及物动词可以有两个宾语两个宾语，如：，如：givegive给，给，passpass递，递，bringbring带，带，showshow显示显示。这两个宾语通常一个指。这两个宾语通常一个指人人，为，为间接宾语间接宾语；一个指；一个指物物，为，为直接宾语直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：一般的顺序为：动词动词 +间接宾语间接宾语 +直接宾语直接宾语。如：。如：

10、Give me a cup of Give me a cup of tea,pleasetea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为：强调间接宾语顺序为：动词动词 +直接宾语直接宾语 +介词介词+间接宾语间接宾语。如：。如：Show this house to Show this house to Mr.SmithMr.Smith.（及物）（及物）（及物）（及物）（多指人）（多指人）（多指人）（多指人）（多指物）（多指物）（多指物）（多指物）1.She 1.She ordered ordered herself herself a new dress.a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣她

11、给自己定了一套新衣裳。裳。2.She 2.She cooked cooked her husband her husband a delicious meal.a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。一顿美餐。3.He 3.He brought brought you you a dictionary.a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。他给你带来了一本字典。4.He 4.He denies denies her her nothing.nothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。他对她什么都不拒绝。5.I 5.I showed showed him him m

12、y pictures.my pictures.我给他看我的照片我给他看我的照片6.I 6.I gave gave my car my car a wash.a wash.我洗了我的汽车。我洗了我的汽车。7.I 7.I told told him him that the bus was late.that the bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了。我告诉他汽车晚点了。8.He 8.He showed showed me me how to run the machine.how to run the machine.他教我开机器。他教我开机器。基本句型基本句型基本句型基本句型 五：

13、五：五：五：（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分补充成分来补足宾语，来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明说明的成分。宾语与其补足的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 +名词名词The war made

14、him The war made him a soldiera soldier././战争使他成为一名战士战争使他成为一名战士.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 +形容词形容词New methods make the job New methods make the job easyeasy././新方法使这项工作变得轻松新方法使这项工作变得轻松.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 +介词短语介词短语I often find him I often find him at workat work././我经常发现他在工作我经常发现他在工作.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 +动词不定式动词不定式The teach

15、er ask the students The teacher ask the students to close the windowsto close the windows././老师让学生们老师让学生们关上窗户关上窗户.名词名词/代词宾格代词宾格 +分词分词I saw a cat I saw a cat running across the roadrunning across the road././我看见一只猫跑过了马路我看见一只猫跑过了马路.（及物）（及物）（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）（宾补）（宾补）1.They 1.They appointe

16、d appointed him him managermanager.他们任命他当经他们任命他当经理。理。2.They 2.They painted painted the door the door greengreen.他们把门漆成绿他们把门漆成绿色色3.This 3.This set set them them thinkingthinking.这使得他们要细想一想。这使得他们要细想一想。4.They 4.They found found the house the house deserteddeserted.他们发现那房他们发现那房子无人居住。子无人居住。5.What 5.What

17、makes makes him him think sothink so?他怎么会这样想？他怎么会这样想？6.We 6.We saw saw him him outout.我们送他出去我们送他出去7.He 7.He asked asked me me to come back soonto come back soon.他要我早点回他要我早点回来。来。8.I 8.I saw saw them them getting on the busgetting on the bus.我看见他们上了我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。那辆公共汽车。但常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型但

18、常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语（modifiermodifier）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副）而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。我们称之为：和分词短语）。我们称之为：定语、状语定语、状语定语、状语定语、状语 一、一、定语：定语：定语是对定语是对名词或代词名词或代词起修饰、限定作用

19、的起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子词、短语或句子，汉语中常用汉语中常用 的的 表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,nosome,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：构成的复合不定代词时，（如：somethingsomething、nothingnothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置置后后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。形容词形容词形容词形容词作定语：作定语：作定语：作定语：The The l

20、ittlelittle boy needs a boy needs a blueblue pen.(littlepen.(little修饰名词修饰名词boyboy；blueblue修饰名词修饰名词pen.pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。Tom is a Tom is a handsomehandsome boy./Tom boy./Tom是个英俊的男孩。是个英俊的男孩。There is a There is a good good boy./boy./有个乖男孩。有个乖男孩。数词数词数词数词作定语相当于形容词：作定语相当于形容词：作定语相当于形容词：作定语相当于

21、形容词：Two boys need Two boys need two two pens./pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。两个男孩需要两支钢笔。The The twotwo boys are students./boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。这两个男孩是学生。There are There are twotwo boys in the room./boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。房间里有两个男孩。代词或名词所有格代词或名词所有格代词或名词所有格代词或名词所有格作定语：作定语：作定语：作定语：HisHis boy needs boy needs

22、 TomsToms pen./pen./他的男孩需要他的男孩需要TomTom的钢笔。的钢笔。HisHis name is Tom./name is Tom./他的名字是汤姆。他的名字是汤姆。介词短语介词短语介词短语介词短语作定语：作定语：作定语：作定语：The boy The boy in the classroomin the classroom needs a pen of yours./needs a pen of yours./教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。The boy The boy in bluein blue is Tom./is Tom./穿兰色

23、衣服的孩子是汤姆。穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。There are two boys There are two boys ofof 9,and three9,and three ofof 10 10././有两个有两个9 9岁的，三个岁的，三个1010岁的男孩。岁的男孩。名词名词名词名词作定语：作定语：作定语：作定语：The boy needs aThe boy needs a ball ball pen./pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。男孩需要一支圆珠笔。There is only oneThere is only one ball ball pen in the pen in the penc

24、ilpencil box./box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。副词副词副词副词作定语：作定语：作定语：作定语：The boy The boy therethere needs a pen./needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。The best boy The best boy herehere is Tom./is Tom./这里最棒的男孩是这里最棒的男孩是TomTom。不定式不定式不定式不定式作定语：作定语：作定语：作定语：The boy The boy to write this letterto write this le

25、tter needs a pen./needs a pen./写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。There is nothing There is nothing to doto do today./today./今天无事要做。今天无事要做。分词（短语）分词（短语）分词（短语）分词（短语）作定语：作定语：作定语：作定语：The The smiling smiling boyboy needs a pen needs a pen boughtbought by his mother by his mother././那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的

26、钢笔。妈买的钢笔。The pen The pen boughtbought by her is made in China./by her is made in China./她买的笔是中国产的。她买的笔是中国产的。There are five boysThere are five boys leftleft././有五个留下的男孩。有五个留下的男孩。定语定语定语定语从句：从句：从句：从句：The boy The boy who is readingwho is reading needs the pen needs the pen which you bought yesterdaywhic

27、h you bought yesterday././那个在阅读的那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。The boy The boy you will knowyou will know is Tom./is Tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。There are five boys There are five boys who will play the gamewho will play the game././参加游戏的男孩有五个。参加游戏的男孩有五个。二、状语：二、状语：二、状语：二、状语：状语修饰状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句动词、形容词、

28、副词或全句，说明，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。等。状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间

29、（如：oftenoften）或程度）或程度（如：（如：almostalmost）的副词状语通常位于的副词状语通常位于bebe动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。动词之前。有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义，应注意，如：The boy calls the The boy calls the girl in the classroom.girl in the classroom.一般理解成一般理解成 男孩喊教室里的女孩男孩喊教室里的女孩（此时（此时in the in the classroomclassroom为为gir

30、lgirl的定语），也可以理解为的定语），也可以理解为 男孩在教室里喊女孩男孩在教室里喊女孩（此（此时时in the classroomin the classroom为地点状语），最好写作为地点状语），最好写作 In the In the classroom,theclassroom,the boy boy calls the girl.calls the girl.副词（短语）副词（短语）副词（短语）副词（短语）作状语：作状语：作状语：作状语：The boy needs a pen The boy needs a pen very muchvery much././男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（

31、程度状语）男孩非常需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）The boy needs The boy needs very muchvery much the pen bought by his mother./the pen bought by his mother./男孩非常需要男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）他母亲买的那支钢笔。（宾语较长则状语前置）The boyThe boy really really needs a pen./needs a pen./男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）The boy needs a pen The boy

32、needs a pen now./now./NowNow,the,the boy needs a pen./The boy needs a pen./The boy,boy,nownow,needs,needs a pen./a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）男孩现在需要一支钢笔。（时间状语）介词短语作状语介词短语作状语：In the In the classroom,classroom,thethe boy needs a pen./boy needs a pen./在教室里，在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）Before his Befor

33、e his mother,mother,TomTom is always a boy./is always a boy./在母亲面前在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩汤姆总是一个男孩子子.(.(条件状语条件状语)On On Sundays,Sundays,therethere is no student in the classroom./is no student in the classroom./星期天星期天,教室里没有学教室里没有学生生.(.(时间状语时间状语)分词（短语）分词（短语）分词（短语）分词（短语）作状语作状语作状语作状语：He sits He sits there,askingt

34、here,asking for a pen for a pen././他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）Having to finish his Having to finish his homework,thehomework,the boy needs a pen./boy needs a pen./因为不得不完成作因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）FrightenedFrightened,he,he sits there soundlessly./sits there soundlessly./（因为）受

35、了惊吓，他无声地坐在（因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）那儿。（原因状语）不定式不定式不定式不定式作状语：作状语：作状语：作状语：The boy needs a pen The boy needs a pen to do his homeworkto do his homework././男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）（目的状语）To make his dream come To make his dream come true,true,TomTom becomes very interested in becomes very interest

36、ed in business./business./为实现梦想为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣汤姆变得对商业很有兴趣.名词名词作状语作状语：Come Come this way!/this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）走这条路！（方向状语）状语从句：状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句 三、同位语：三、同位语：同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分，近乎于后置定语。如：We students should study hard./(students是we的同位语，都是指同一批学生）We

37、 all are students./(all是we的同位语，都指同样的我们）四、独立成分：四、独立成分：四、独立成分：四、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构注意：区别于分词独立结构)。感叹词：感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ahoh,hello,aha,ah,等。等。肯定词肯定词yesyes否定词否定词nono称呼语：称呼人的用语。称呼语：称呼人的用语。插入语：一些句中插入的插入语：一些句中插入的 I think,I believe,I think,I believe,

38、等。等。如如:The:The story,Istory,I think,hasthink,has never come to the end./never come to the end./我相信我相信,这个故事还远没结束这个故事还远没结束.情态词情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps:perhaps也许也许,maybe,maybe大概大概,acturelyacturely实际上实际上,certainly,certainly当然，等。当然，等。五、分词独立结构五、分词独立结构五、分词独立结构五、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其分词作

39、状语时其逻辑主语逻辑主语与句子的与句子的主语一致主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语，否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。构成分词独立结构。例：例：错句：错句：Studying Studying hard,yourhard,your score will go up.score will go up.正确：正确：(1)(1)StudyingStudying hard,hard,youyou can make your score go up.can make your score go up.或或 (2)If you study(2)If you study hard,yourhard,yo

40、ur score will go up.score will go up.解析：错句中分词解析：错句中分词studyingstudying没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主没有自带逻辑主语，则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，既语，既your score.your score.显然做显然做studystudy的应是人，不应是的应是人，不应是your scoreyour score（分数）（分数）.正正确句确句(1)(1)更正了句子的主语更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致使其与分词逻辑主语一致(同为同为you);you);正确句正确句(2)(2)则使用条件分句带出则使用条件分句带出stud

41、ystudy的主语的主语,(,(不过已经不是分词结构了不过已经不是分词结构了).).分词独分词独立结构常省略立结构常省略being,havingbeing,having been.been.不过不过 There being.There being.的场合不能省略的场合不能省略.如：如：GameGame(being)(being)over,heover,he went home.went home.He stands He stands there,there,bookbook(being)in hand.(being)in hand.独立结构还可用独立结构还可用withwith、without

42、without引导，引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。词短语、副词或名词等。如：如：With nothing With nothing to to dodo,he,he fell asleep soon./fell asleep soon./无事可做，他很快就睡着了。无事可做，他很快就睡着了。The teacher came The teacher came in,within,with glasses glasses on his noseon his nose././老

43、师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。老师进来了，戴着一付眼镜。（注意，此句（注意，此句on his noseon his nose不可省略！）不可省略！）句子成分练习题句子成分练习题(一一)(一).指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分，4分钟）The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.There is an old man coming here.The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.To do todays homework without the

44、 teachers help is very difficult.(二二)选出句中谓语的中心词（选出句中谓语的中心词（1010分，分，1010分钟）分钟）I dont like the picture on the wall.I dont like the picture on the wall.A.dont B.like C.picture D.A.dont B.like C.picture D.wallwall The days get longer and longer when summer The days get longer and longer when summer es.A

45、.get B.longer C.days D.A.get B.longer C.days D.summersummer Do you usually go to school by bus?Do you usually go to school by bus?A.Do B.usually A.Do B.usually C.goC.go D.bus D.bus There will be a meeting at the library this There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.afternoon.A.will be B

46、.meeting C.the library D.A.will be B.meeting C.the library D.afternoonafternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A.DidA.Did B.twins C.have D.breakfast B.twins C.have D.breakfast Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.Tom didnt do his homewo

47、rk yesterday.A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his A.Tom B.didnt C.do D.his homeworkhomework What I want to tell you is this.What I want to tell you is this.A.want B.to tell C.you D.isA.want B.to tell C.you D.is We had better send for a doctor.We had better send for a doctor.A.We B.had C.send D.doctorA.We B.had

48、C.send D.doctor He is interested in music.He is interested in music.A.is B.interested C.in D.musicA.is B.interested C.in D.music Whom did you give my book to?Whom did you give my book to?A.give A.give B.didB.did C.whom D.book C.whom D.book(三三)挑出下列句中的宾语（挑出下列句中的宾语（1010分，分，1010分钟）分钟）My brother hasnt do

49、ne his homework.My brother hasnt done his homework.People all over the world speak English.People all over the world speak English.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.How many new words did you learn last class?How many new words did yo

50、u learn last class?Some of the students in the school want to go Some of the students in the school want to go swimming,how about you?swimming,how about you?The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.They made him monitor of the class.They made hi