高考英语语法总复习--宾语补足语的用法.ppt

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1、宾语补足语的用法英语的五个基本结构英语的五个基本结构S S 十十 V V 主谓结构主谓结构S S 十十 V V 十十 P P 主系表结构主系表结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O1 O1 十十 O2 O2 主谓双宾结构主谓双宾结构S S 十十 V V 十十 O O 十十 C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构说明：说明：S S主语；主语；V V谓语；谓语；P P表语；表语；OO宾语；宾语；O1O1间接宾语；间接宾语；O2O2直接宾语；直接宾语；C C宾语补足语宾语补足语 1 1SS十十十十 VV句式句式句式句式HerunsquicklyHerun

2、squickly他跑得快。他跑得快。他跑得快。他跑得快。2 2SS十十十十 VV十十十十 PP句式：句式：句式：句式：ThestorysoundsinterestingThestorysoundsinteresting这个故事听起来有趣。这个故事听起来有趣。这个故事听起来有趣。这个故事听起来有趣。3 3SS十十十十 VV十十十十 OO句式句式句式句式TheybuiltahouselastyearTheybuiltahouselastyear他们去年建了一所房子。他们去年建了一所房子。他们去年建了一所房子。他们去年建了一所房子。4 4SS十十十十 VV十十十十 O1O1十十十十 O2O2句式句式

3、句式句式Heofferedmehisseat/hisseattomeHeofferedmehisseat/hisseattome他把座位让给我。他把座位让给我。他把座位让给我。他把座位让给我。5 5SS十十十十 VV十十十十 OO十十十十 CC句式句式句式句式TheyfoundherTheyfoundherhappyhappythatdaythatday他们发现那天她很高兴。他们发现那天她很高兴。他们发现那天她很高兴。他们发现那天她很高兴。IfoundhimIfoundhimoutout我发现他出去了。我发现他出去了。我发现他出去了。我发现他出去了。TheynamedtheboyTheynam

4、edtheboyCharlieCharlie他们给这个男孩起名为查理。他们给这个男孩起名为查理。他们给这个男孩起名为查理。他们给这个男孩起名为查理。IsawhimIsawhimcomeinandgooutcomeinandgoout我见他进来又出去。我见他进来又出去。我见他进来又出去。我见他进来又出去。TheyfeltthecarTheyfeltthecarmovingfastmovingfast他们感到汽车行驶得很快。他们感到汽车行驶得很快。他们感到汽车行驶得很快。他们感到汽车行驶得很快。HefoundthedoorofstudyHefoundthedoorofstudyclosedtohi

5、mclosedtohim他发现研究所的大他发现研究所的大他发现研究所的大他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。门对他关闭了。门对他关闭了。门对他关闭了。一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：1 1、名词：、名词：、名词：、名词：Wemadehimourmonitor.Wemadehimourmonitor.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.Theythoughtthisgoodadvice.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.TheynamedtheirdaughterJenny.注注注注：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词

6、充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,call,name,name,elect,elect,make,make,think,think,appoint,appoint,choose,choose,find,find,consider,consider,keep,wish,feelkeep,wish,feel等。等。等。等。注注注注：充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的名名名名词词词词若若若若表表表表示示示示正正正正式式式式的的的的或或或或独独独独一一一一无无无无二二二二的的的的头头头头衔衔衔衔、职职职职位时

7、，前面一般不用冠词，如：位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：位时，前面一般不用冠词，如：TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.TheyelectedJohnchairmanofthecommittee.2 2、形容词：形容词：形容词：形容词：Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.Youshouldkeepyourroomcleanandtidy.Wedbetterleavethedooropen.Wedbetterleavethedooropen.注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：注：常用形容词充当宾语

8、补足语的动词有：注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：注：常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe,believe,think,think,get,get,keep,keep,make,make,find,find,set,set,like,like,wish,wish,see,see,consider,consider,prove,have,leave,prove,have,leave,以及以及以及以及paint,drive,turn,cutpaint,drive,turn,cut等。等。等。等。3 3、现在分词：、现在分词：、现在分词：、现在分词：Imsorrytohavekept

9、youwaitingforsolong.Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Icouldfeelthecoldwindblowingonmyface.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.Atthismomentshenoticedtheteachercomingin.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：5 5、过去分词：过去分词：过去分词：过去分词：HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedout

10、oftheroom.HewatchedtheTVsetcarriedoutoftheroom.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.Lastyeartheyhadtheirhouserebuilt.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.WhenyouspeakEnglish,besuretomakeyourselfunderstood.6 6此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：此外，副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语，如：此外，副词和介词短语也可以

11、充当宾语补足语，如：Whendoyouwantitback?Whendoyouwantitback?Whydidntyouinvitethemin?Whydidntyouinvitethemin?Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.Wecouldhearthechildrenatplayoutside.4 4、动词不定式：动词不定式：动词不定式：动词不定式：Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Nobodycouldmakehimchangehismind.Wouldyoulikemetocomealongwithyou?Would

12、youlikemetocomealongwithyou?Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.Hebelievedtheearthtobeaglobe.一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：一、可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：1 1、当当当当名名名名词词词词、形形形形容容容容词词词词、副副副副词词词词和和和和介介介介词词词词短短短短语语语语充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时，它它它它们们们们和和和和宾宾宾宾语语语语之之之之间间间间有有有有着着着着逻逻逻逻辑辑辑辑上上上上的的的的主

13、主主主谓谓谓谓关关关关系系系系（或或或或称称称称表表表表语语语语关关关关系系系系），若若若若无无无无宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语，则则则则句句句句意意意意不不不不完完完完整整整整。宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语说说说说明明明明宾宾宾宾语语语语的的的的情情情情况况况况、性性性性质质质质、特特特特征征征征、状状状状态、身份或属类等。试比较：态、身份或属类等。试比较：态、身份或属类等。试比较：态、身份或属类等。试比较：Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)Wemadehimourmonitor.(Heisourmonitor.)YouYous

14、houldshouldkeepkeepyouryourroomroomcleancleanandandtidy.tidy.(Your(Yourroomroomisiscleancleanandtidy.)andtidy.)WeWecouldcouldhearhearthethechildrenchildrenatatplayplayoutside.outside.(The(Thechildrenchildrenareareatatplayoutside.)playoutside.)二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：二、宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系：3 3、当当当当过过过过去去去去分分分分词词词

15、词充充充充当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语时时时时，它它它它与与与与宾宾宾宾语语语语之之之之间间间间有有有有着着着着动动动动宾宾宾宾关关关关系系系系，即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：即：宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，如：IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.IonceheardthissongsunginJapanese.(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.)(ThissongwasoncesunginJapanese.

16、)Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.Ididntwantthechildrentakenoutinsuchweather.(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)(Thechildrenweretakenoutinsuchweather.)三三三三、在在在在用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词或或或或不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的动动动动词词词词中中中中，有有有有些些些些只只只只能能能能用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补

17、补补补足足足足语语语语；有有有有些些些些只只只只能能能能用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语；还还还还有有有有的的的的动动动动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：1 1、只只只只能能能能用用用用现现现现在在在在分分分分词词词词作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的动动动动词词词词有有有有：catch,catch,keep,keep,mind,mind,prevent,stop,smell,excusep

18、revent,stop,smell,excuse等。例如：等。例如：等。例如：等。例如：Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Shecaughthersonsmokingacigarette.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.Hiswordsstartedmethinking.2 2、只只只只能能能能用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的动动动动词词词词有有有有：wish,wish,desire,desire,expect,expect,love,love,prefer,prefer,trust,t

19、rust,encourage,encourage,let,let,allow,allow,permit,permit,mean,mean,lead,lead,bring,bring,put,put,hurry,hurry,cause,cause,remind,remind,ask,ask,invite,invite,beg,beg,request,request,worry,worry,advise,advise,persuade,persuade,callcallon,on,tell,tell,order,order,command,command,require,require,make,

20、make,force,force,drive,drive,forbid,forbid,warn,warn,help,help,teach,teach,show,show,assist,assist,report,report,bear,bear,waitwaitforfor/think,think,take,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declaretake,know,judge,consider,suppose,believe,allow,prove,declare等。等。等。等。3 3、既既既既能能能能用用用用现现现现在在

21、在在分分分分词词词词又又又又可可可可用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式作作作作宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语的的的的动动动动词词词词有有有有：see,see,watch,watch,notice,notice,looklook at,at,observe,observe,listenlisten to,to,hear,hear,feel,feel,have,have,imagine,imagine,discover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leavediscover,like,want,understand,hate,get,set,leav

22、e等。等。等。等。四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号四、使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 toto 的取舍问题：的取舍问题：的取舍问题：的取舍问题：1 1、在在在在hear,hear,listenlistento,to,let,let,have,have,make,make,see,see,watch,watch,notice,notice,observeobserve等等等等动动动动词后的不定式需省去词后的不定式需省去词后的不定式需省去词后的不定式需省去 toto。2 2、feelfeel一词，跟一词，

23、跟一词，跟一词，跟 tobetobe型不定式带型不定式带型不定式带型不定式带 toto；跟跟跟跟 todotodo型不定式不带型不定式不带型不定式不带型不定式不带 toto。3 3、helphelp一词后的不定式，可带一词后的不定式，可带一词后的不定式，可带一词后的不定式，可带 toto，也可以不带也可以不带也可以不带也可以不带 toto。（请参见请参见请参见请参见“动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式”一节）一节）一节）一节）五五五五、在在在在复复复复合合合合宾宾宾宾语语语语中中中中，宾宾宾宾语语语语通通通通常常常常为为为为名名名名词词词词或或或或代代代代词词词词，但但但但有有有有时时时

24、时也也也也可可可可以以以以用用用用不不不不定定定定式式式式（短短短短语语语语）、动动动动名名名名词词词词（短短短短语语语语）或或或或thatthat从从从从句句句句来来来来充充充充当当当当。这这这这时时时时，应应应应使使使使用用用用先先先先行行行行it it代代代代替替替替宾宾宾宾语语语语，而而而而将将将将真真真真正正正正的的的的宾宾宾宾语语语语移移移移到到到到句句句句子子子子的后部，如：的后部，如：的后部，如：的后部，如：Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcomings.Ifeltitnecessarytospeakaboutourshortcoming

25、s.Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Doyouconsideritanygoodtryingagain?Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.Weallthoughtitapitythatyoucouldntjoinus.注注注注意意意意：在在在在这这这这种种种种结结结结构构构构中中中中，宾宾宾宾语语语语补补补补足足足足语语语语通通通通常常常常为为为为名名名名词词词词或或或或形形形形容容容容词词词词；常常常常用用用用于这种结构的动词有：于这种结构的动词有：于这种结构的动词有：于这种结构的动词有：feel,find,t

26、hink,make,take,judge,considerfeel,find,think,make,take,judge,consider等。等。等。等。Practice单句改错1.The speaker raised his voice but still couldnt make himself understand.2.We all elected Jason the monitor.3.The teacher asked us not make so much noise.4.-What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!-During th

27、e winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.understoodtowarm5.Dont leave the water run while you brush your teeth.6.He pushed the door opening.7.She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.8.With a lot of difficult problems settle,the newly-elected president is

28、 having a hard time.9.When I came in,I found a boy hide behind the door.10.It was a pity that the great writer died of his works unfinished.runningopenputtingtohiddenwith1.Tellhim_thewindow.A.toshutnotB.nottoshutC.tonotshutD.notshutB.2.-Theresaholeinyourbag.C.-Iknow,Imgoingtohaveit_.D.mendB.mendingC

29、.mendedD.tobemendedE.3.Thoughhehadoftenmadehislittlesister_,todayF.hewasmade_byhislittlesister.G.cry;tocryB.crying;cryingC.cry;cryD.tocry;cryH.4.Theywouldnotallowhim_acrosstheenemyline.I.toriskgoingB.riskingtogoJ.C.forrisktogoD.riskgoing单项选择单项选择5.Ifoundthedoor_whenIgothome.A.openedB.closeC.unlocking

30、D.openB.6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,butC.hismothertoldhim_.D.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoD.donottoE.7.Icouldntdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_.F.goingonB.goesonC.wentonD.togoonG.8.Withalotofdifficultproblems_,thenewly-H.electedpresidentishavingahardtime.I.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettle

31、d9.Iadvised_atonce.A.himtostartingB.himtostartB.C.tostartingD.tostart10.WhenIputmyhandonhischest,Icouldfeelhisheartstill_.A.beatB.tobebeatingC.beatingD.wasbeatingB.11.Youhadbettergetadoctor_yourbadtooth.C.pulloutB.topulloutC.pulledoutD.pullingoutD.12.Hemanagedtomakehimself_withhis_English.E.understand;breakingB.understand;brokenF.C.understood;breakingD.understood;brokenG.13.Thedoctoraskedhimnottoleavehiswound_.H.A.exposeB.exposedC.toexposeD.exposingThank you