unit8虚拟语气.ppt

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1、翻译：翻译：还有七个多月我就要参加高考了。现在是我们在学还有七个多月我就要参加高考了。现在是我们在学习上全力以赴的时候了。我现在有些后悔把本应该用习上全力以赴的时候了。我现在有些后悔把本应该用在学习上的时间却浪费在玩电脑游戏上了。我的英语在学习上的时间却浪费在玩电脑游戏上了。我的英语本来是我可以擅长的学科，但是我在上面投入的时间本来是我可以擅长的学科，但是我在上面投入的时间和精力都太少。如果我两年前就像现在一样用功，我和精力都太少。如果我两年前就像现在一样用功，我的成绩现在会令人满意得多。不过，后悔是没有用的。的成绩现在会令人满意得多。不过，后悔是没有用的。我的老师建议我制定一个学习计划并认真

2、去执行。我我的老师建议我制定一个学习计划并认真去执行。我也下定决心刻苦学习，永不放弃。不管信不信，在最也下定决心刻苦学习，永不放弃。不管信不信，在最近一次英语考试中，令人惊讶的是我竟然取得了第一近一次英语考试中，令人惊讶的是我竟然取得了第一名。这给了我极大的鼓舞。现在，我学习起来好像永名。这给了我极大的鼓舞。现在，我学习起来好像永不疲倦一样。我相信，坚持不懈和决心会让我成功。不疲倦一样。我相信，坚持不懈和决心会让我成功。Grammar:虚拟语气虚拟语气(一）一）Subjunctive Mood 虚拟语气是英语的一种特殊的动词形式。它所表达的意义丰富多彩，在句中可表示某种假设、愿望、建议、要求、

3、请求、命令或空想，或表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾、惋惜等感情色彩。虚拟语气用在If 条件状语从句中的表现形式及用法情况 从句动词的形式主句动词的形式与现在事实相反与将来事实相反与过去事实相反虚拟语气用在If 条件状语从句中的表现形式及用法情况 从句动词的形式主句动词的形式与现在事实相反1.did2.wereshould/would/could/might+V与将来事实相反1.did2.were to+v.3.should+v.与过去事实相反had+doneshould/would/+have done1.如果他赶快的话如果他赶快的话,他今天上学就不会迟到了。他今天上学就不会迟到了。If he had

4、hurried,he wouldnt have been late for school.2.我是你的话我是你的话,我早晨会锻炼。我早晨会锻炼。If I were you,I would take exercise early in the morning.3.如果我从明天起有十天的假，我可能就去泰国旅游。如果我从明天起有十天的假，我可能就去泰国旅游。If I should have/were to have/had ten days off from tomorrow on,I might go traveling in Thailand.二虚拟语气用在 if 非真实条件句中的特殊形式1)I

5、f you had taken the medicine yesterday,he would be all right now.2)Had he been there,he would have helped you.3)Without your help,we couldnt have succeeded.混合条件句混合条件句:有时主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，在有时主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，在这种情况下，我们应该按照句中所表述时间关系选择相应这种情况下，我们应该按照句中所表述时间关系选择相应的虚拟形式。的虚拟形式。省略省略if的条件从句的条件从句:在书面语中有时候可省略在书面

6、语中有时候可省略if,而将谓语中的而将谓语中的were,had 或或should 等移至主语前，即构成等移至主语前，即构成“were/had/should+主语主语”的形式。的形式。含蓄条件句：含蓄条件句：指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段暗示存在虚拟条件。这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都他手段暗示存在虚拟条件。这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为可以转化为if 引导的条件句。引导的条件句。将下列的含蓄条件句转化为将下列的含蓄条件句转化为if条件句条件句:1.Without your help,we couldnt have succeeded.=If

7、 we _ your help,we couldnt have succeeded.2.We would be on the journey now but for this bad weather.=We would be-if it _ this bad weather.3.Luckily Wang Lin was helped by a health care project;otherwise/or he would have lost his life.=-;if he _ by a health care project,he would have lost his life.4.

8、You might have got an ideal job,but you didnt seize the chance.=You might have-if you _ the chance.hadnt got werent for hadnt been helpedhad seized虚拟语气在其它从句中的用法1.虚拟语气用在表达建议、命令或要求的虚拟语气用在表达建议、命令或要求的宾语从宾语从句中句中，谓语动词常用，谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形动词原形”。巧记能跟宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词方法一：巧记能跟宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词方法一：“Disco”(迪斯科）迪斯科）D:de

9、mand,i:insists:suggestc:commando:order巧记能跟宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词方法二巧记能跟宾语从句用虚拟语气的动词方法二:“I drop caps.”(我丢帽子）我丢帽子）I:insist （坚持要求）（坚持要求）d:demand/desire(要求）要求）r:request/require 请求请求 o:order（命令）（命令）p:propose （建议）（建议）c:command（命令）（命令）a:advise （建议）（建议）p:prefer（宁愿）（宁愿）s:suggest（建议（建议）注意：注意：1.虚拟语气也用在以上动词的相应的过去分词作表语的虚拟

10、语气也用在以上动词的相应的过去分词作表语的主语从句中：主语从句中：It is suggested/ordered/that sb.(should)do2.虚拟语气也用在以上动词的相应的名词形式后的同位虚拟语气也用在以上动词的相应的名词形式后的同位语从句或表语从句中：语从句或表语从句中：My suggestion is that(should)do I made the suggestion that(should)do 2.虚拟语气用在虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中I wish I were an engineer.(与现在情况相反）与现在情况相反）I wish she h

11、adnt gone last week.（与过去情况（与过去情况相反）相反）I wish she would try again.（与将来情况相反）（与将来情况相反）If only+从句从句=I wish+从句从句 If only I knew the answer.If only I hadnt lost it.strangesurprisingamazingshocking pity shame3.虚拟语气用在下列主语从句中：虚拟语气用在下列主语从句中：+that S+should(竟然竟然)+doIt is+that S+should+doIt is a+It is+importantn

12、ecessarynatural+that S+(should)+doIt is quite natural that she(should)think so.It is a pity that he(should)miss the lecture.4.虚拟语气用在虚拟语气用在would rather(that)表示表示“愿望愿望”的从句中。的从句中。I would rather you told me the truth.（表示现在或将来要做的事）（表示现在或将来要做的事）I would rather you had told me the truth yesterday.（表示与过去情况相反

13、的动作）（表示与过去情况相反的动作）5.虚拟语气用在虚拟语气用在 Its(about/high)time that-clause 中，其后谓语动词用过去时，有时也有用中，其后谓语动词用过去时，有时也有用“should+动词原形动词原形”的。的。Its high time that we left.6.虚拟语气用在虚拟语气用在as if/as though 引导的方式状语从句中引导的方式状语从句中（本句型有时用陈述语气则表示可能性很大）（本句型有时用陈述语气则表示可能性很大）He spoke as though he were in a dream.They are talking as if

14、they had been old friendsIt looks as if it is going o rain.翻译：翻译：还有七个多月我就要参加高考了。现在是我们在学还有七个多月我就要参加高考了。现在是我们在学习上全力以赴的时候了。我现在有些后悔把本应该用习上全力以赴的时候了。我现在有些后悔把本应该用在学习上的时间却浪费在玩电脑游戏上了。我的英语在学习上的时间却浪费在玩电脑游戏上了。我的英语本来是我可以擅长的学科，但是我在上面投入的时间本来是我可以擅长的学科，但是我在上面投入的时间和精力都太少。如果我两年前就像现在一样用功，我和精力都太少。如果我两年前就像现在一样用功，我的成绩现在会令

15、人满意得多。不过，后悔是没有用的。的成绩现在会令人满意得多。不过，后悔是没有用的。我的老师建议我制定一个学习计划并认真去执行。我我的老师建议我制定一个学习计划并认真去执行。我也下定决心刻苦学习，永不放弃。不管信不信，在最也下定决心刻苦学习，永不放弃。不管信不信，在最近一次英语考试中，令人惊讶的是我竟然取得了第一近一次英语考试中，令人惊讶的是我竟然取得了第一名。这给了我极大的鼓舞。现在，我学习起来好像永名。这给了我极大的鼓舞。现在，我学习起来好像永不疲倦一样。我相信，坚持不懈和决心会让我成功。不疲倦一样。我相信，坚持不懈和决心会让我成功。还有七个多月我就要参加高考了。还有七个多月我就要参加高考了

16、。I will take part in the college entrance examination in more than seven months.It will be seven months before I take the college examination.现在是我们在学习上全力以赴的时候了。现在是我们在学习上全力以赴的时候了。It is time for us to try our best in our studies.It is high time that we tried our best in our studies.我现在有些后悔把本应该用在学习上的时间

17、却浪费在我现在有些后悔把本应该用在学习上的时间却浪费在玩电脑游戏上了。玩电脑游戏上了。I regret the time I wasted playing computer games,which I should have spent on my studies.I regret wasting the time which I should have spent on my studies playing computer games.我的英语本来是我可以擅长的学科，但是我在上面投我的英语本来是我可以擅长的学科，但是我在上面投入的时间和精力都太少。入的时间和精力都太少。I could ha

18、ve been good at English,but I devoted too little time and energy to it.如果我两年前就像现在一样用功，我的成绩现在如果我两年前就像现在一样用功，我的成绩现在会令人满意得多。会令人满意得多。If I had worked as hard as I do now two years ago,my grade would be much more satisfactory now.不过，后悔是没有用的。不过，后悔是没有用的。However,it is no use regretting.我的老师建议我制定一个学习计划并认真去执行。

19、我的老师建议我制定一个学习计划并认真去执行。My teacher suggest that I should make a study plan and carry it out very conscientiously or seriously.It is suggested by my teacher that I should makeMy teachers suggestion is that I should makeMy teacher has made the suggestion that I should make我也下定决心刻苦学习，永不放弃。我也下定决心刻苦学习，永不放弃

20、。I am also determined to work hard and never to give up.不管信不信，在最近一次英语考试中，令人惊讶的不管信不信，在最近一次英语考试中，令人惊讶的是我竟然取得了第一名。这给了我极大的鼓舞。是我竟然取得了第一名。这给了我极大的鼓舞。Believe it or not,to my great surprise,I have got the first place in a recent English exam,which encouraged me greatly.Believe it or not,it is surprising that

21、 I should get the first place in a recent English exam,which gave me great encouragement.现在，我学习起来好像永不疲倦一样。我相信，我的坚现在，我学习起来好像永不疲倦一样。我相信，我的坚持不懈和决心会让我成功。持不懈和决心会让我成功。At present,I am learning as if I were never tired.I believe that my perseverance and determination will lead to my success.It will be seven

22、 months before I take the college examination.It is high time that we tried our best in our studies.I regret the time I wasted playing computer games,which I should have spent on my studies.I could have been good at English,but I devoted too little time and energy to it.If I had worked as hard as I

23、do now two years ago,my grade would be much more satisfactory now.However,it is no use regretting.Believe it or not,it is surprising that I should get the first place in a recent English exam,which gave me great encouragement.At present,I am learning as if I were never tired.I believe that my persev

24、erance and determination will lead to my success.Choose the best answers:1.If you _ to see Mary,what would you tell her?A.are B.will be going C.had D.were2.If the whole operation _ beforehand,a great deal of time and money would have been lost.A.was not planned B.has not been planned C.had not been

25、planned D.were not planned3.If I _ harder at school,I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.A.had worked B.worked C.were to work D.were working D.CA4.I _ longer this morning,but I had to get up and come to class.A.could have slept B.slept C.might have slept D.have slept5“You are very selfish.

26、Its high time you _ you are not the most important person in the world,”Edgar said to his boss angrily.A.have realized B.realized C.realize D.to realize AB6.If only I _ more careful that day!A.could be B.would have been C.should be D.had beenD7._ for my illness,I would have lent him a helping hand.A

27、.Not being B.Had it not been C.Without being D.Not having been8.Were she to leave right now,she _ there on Sunday.A.had got B.might have got C.would get D.has got9.The children in the back seats might have been seriously injured if the driver _ that they wear seatbelts.A.hasnt been insisting B.hadnt

28、 insisted C.wouldnt insist D.wasnt insistingBCB虚拟语气（）虚拟语气除了用于上述各种从句中通过动词的不同形虚拟语气除了用于上述各种从句中通过动词的不同形式表达外，还可用于一些虚拟结构中。这些虚拟结构通式表达外，还可用于一些虚拟结构中。这些虚拟结构通常都是由常都是由情态动词情态动词have done 的形式来表达的。的形式来表达的。1.I was really anxious about you.You shouldnt/oughtnt to have left without a word.2.I would have told you the t

29、ruth,but I was not allowed to.3.-I stayed at a hotel in New York.-Oh,did you?You could have stayed with Barbara.5.He didnt come at all.We neednt have waited for him.4.You shouldnt have run across the busy street.You might have been hit by a running car.注意：注意：下列情态动词下列情态动词have done 还可表示对过去发生情况还可表示对过去发

30、生情况的推测的推测1.must have done 一定已一定已2.cant have done 一定没有做过一定没有做过3.could/might have done 可能已可能已1)He looks very sad.He might/could have got the bad news.2)You couldnt have seen him last Sunday in the park.He has been abroad for nearly half a year.3)Look!There is light in his room.He must have come back a

31、lready.虚拟语气还可用于下列结构中：虚拟语气还可用于下列结构中：1.was/were going to do sth表示主语未曾实现的打算表示主语未曾实现的打算或计划，译为或计划，译为“本打算做本打算做-”。Alice,why didnt you come yesterday?I was going to,but I had an unexpected visitor.2.was/were to have done sth也表示过去也表示过去“本来打算本来打算做做”的含义，表示主语过去没有实现的打算或计划的含义，表示主语过去没有实现的打算或计划。We were to have set o

32、ut on our journey last Sunday,but I fell ill at the last moment.3.would like/love to have done表示过去本来希望表示过去本来希望愿意做，但未做到的事情。愿意做，但未做到的事情。I would love to have come to the party last night,but I had to work extra hours to finish my report.4.had better/would rather have done表示对做过的事情表示对做过的事情的后悔的后悔,相当于相当于I

33、wish/if only-had done-.Such dictionaries have been sold out.I had better have bought one then.Id rather not have argued with him.It was no use.5.think/suppose/hope/expect/want/mean/intend/plan等等用于用于一般过去时一般过去时或或过去完成时过去完成时，表示不能实现或未，表示不能实现或未能实现的想法、愿望或打算。能实现的想法、愿望或打算。I thought that you wouldnt arrive un

34、til next Monday.Did you have a good trip?I had hoped to find a better job in this city,but I was disappointed.They had intended to write an article about this issue,but changed his mind under pressure.=He intended to have written an article about-.1.-I paid him 200 yuan for the sneakers.-Oh,he charg

35、ed you too much.You _ them with half the money.A.could have bought B.neednt have bought C.must have bought D.wouldnt have bought2.You _ Bob at this meeting yesterday;he has been on holiday in Paris for a week.A.mustnt have seen B.shouldnt see C.cant have seen D.couldnt see3.Thank you for giving me a

36、 hand.I _ in the experiment without your valuable help.A.have failed B will fail C.would have failed D.must have failedACC4.As you worked late yesterday,you _ not have come this morning.A.should B.could C.may D.need5.Mr White _ at 8:30 for the meeting,but he didnt show up.A.should have arrived B.sho

37、uld arrive C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving6.-My cats really fat.-You _ have given her so much food.A.wouldnt B.couldnt C.shouldnt D.mustntDAC1.你本来应该听父母的劝告，不应匆忙地做出这样的决定。你本来应该听父母的劝告，不应匆忙地做出这样的决定。2.他本来是能够帮助我们解这道题的，但他拒绝了。他本来是能够帮助我们解这道题的，但他拒绝了。3.我本来愿意借钱给他的，但他说他能自己解决。我本来愿意借钱给他的，但他说他能自己解决。4.

38、没想到车站离我们住的宾馆这么近。我们本来没有必要没想到车站离我们住的宾馆这么近。我们本来没有必要打的。打的。You should have taken your parents advice and not have made the decision so quickly.He could have helped us with the problem,but he refused.I would like to have lent him money,but he said he could manage himself.We didnt know our hotel was so close to the bus station.We neednt have taken a taxi.