英语句子成分讲解之主谓宾表语.ppt

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1、句句 子子 成成 分分 简简 析析之主语，宾语，谓语与表语之主语，宾语，谓语与表语我们可以打个比方：一个句子单从形式上来说，可以看成已经完工的建筑。建成后的房子的构成部件有：门、窗、天花板、地板、墙等；对应在句子里就组成部件就是：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语这些句子成分。而具体房屋的组成部分如墙，天花板，地板，窗户，门等都是由一定的材质如混凝土，钢筋，玻璃，铝合金等构成；对应在句子里就是句子成分是由一个个具体的不同词性的词、短语或从句构成。简单来说，句子由不同的句子成分组成，而不同的成分又由具体的不同的词、短语或句子构成。定义定义：构成句子的各个部分的名称叫做：构成句子的各个部分的

2、名称叫做句子成分。句子成分有句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分。次要成分。主要成分主要成分:主语、谓语、宾语、补语主语、谓语、宾语、补语(宾补和主补宾补和主补)、表语。、表语。次要成分次要成分:定语、状语、同位语。定语、状语、同位语。极端情况下，一个词也可以是个句子，如极端情况下，一个词也可以是个句子，如 Go！I I metmet mybestmybest friendfriend TomTom atthestationatthestation yesterdayyesterday.主主语语 谓谓语语 定定语语 宾宾语语 同同位位语语 时时间间状状语语 地地点点状状语语主语（主语（sub

3、ject）表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。1.1.JaneJaneisgoodatplayingthepiano.isgoodatplayingthepiano.2.2.SheShe wentoutinahurry.wentoutinahurry.3.3.FourFourplusfouriseight.plusfouriseight.4.4.ToseeToseeistobelieve.istobelieve.5.5.SmokingSmokingis

4、badforhealth.isbadforhealth.6.6.TheyoungTheyoungshouldrespecttheold.shouldrespecttheold.7.7.WhathehassaidWhathehassaidistrue.istrue.（名词）（名词）（代词）（代词）（数词）（数词）（动词不定式）（动词不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（the+形容词）形容词）（句子）（句子）找出句中主语找出句中主语1.Thesunrisesintheeast.1.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.2.Twen

5、tyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.3.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.3.Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.4.Seeingisbelieving.4.Seeingisbelieving.5.Toseeistobelieve.5.Toseeistobelieve.6.Helikesdancing.6.Helikesdancing.7.Whatheneedsisabook.7.Whatheneedsisabook.谓语（谓语（predicate）说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充说明或描述主语

6、的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。当，位于主语之后。1.I saw the flag on the top of the hill.2.He looked after two orphans.3.It becomes warmer.复合谓语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;1.He can speak English well.2.She doesnt seem to like dancing.找出句中谓语 1.We love China.1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.2.

7、We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.4.She seems tired.1.Showyour1.Showyourpassportpassport,please.,please.2.Shedidntvisit2.Shedidntvisithimhim.3.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwant3.Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwotwo.4.Theysent4.Theysenttheinjuredtheinju

8、redtohospital.tohospital.5.Theyasked5.Theyaskedtoleavetoleave.6.Ienjoy6.Ienjoyworkingworkingwithyou.withyou.7.Idontknow7.Idontknowwhathesaidwhathesaid.（名词）(代词）(数词)(the+形容词)(三三)宾语宾语句子动作所涉及的人或事物句子动作所涉及的人或事物;宾语承载了谓语所支配的人、物、宾语承载了谓语所支配的人、物、事的信息。事的信息。（不定式）（动名词）（句子）宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语。间接宾语。直接宾语直接宾语指物或事指

9、物或事,间接宾语指人或动物。间接宾语指人或动物。He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语 直接直接宾语宾语Please pass me the book.He bought his friend some flowers.1.We often help him.1.We often help him.2.He likes to play basketball.2.He likes to play basketball.3.We enjoy listening to the music.3.We enjoy listening to the music.4.She said

10、that he felt sick.4.She said that he felt sick.5.The story is about Mo Yan.5.The story is about Mo Yan.找出句中的宾语（四）（四）表 语表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、代词、表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、代词、副词、不定式、动名词，介词短语或句子充当，位于副词、不定式、动名词，介词短语或句子充当，位于连系动词连系动词之后。之后。1.1.The war The war waswas over.over.2.2.They They seemseem t

11、o know the truthto know the truth.3.3.Time Time is is precious precious.4.4.I Imm not not quite myselfquite myself today.today.5.5.That That remainsremains a puzzlea puzzle.6.6.I dont I dont feelfeel at easeat ease.7.7.Her job Her job is is selling computersselling computers.8.8.That That is is what

12、 he saidwhat he said.(副词副词)(不定式不定式)(形容词形容词)(代词代词)(名词名词)(介词短语介词短语)(动名词动名词)(句子句子)1.I am a teacher.1.I am a teacher.2.They are on the playground.2.They are on the playground.3.My job is teaching English.3.My job is teaching English.4.It gets cold.4.It gets cold.5.It sounds interesting.5.It sounds interesting.常见的系动词有常见的系动词有be 动词动词,还有还有get,become,turn,grow 等表等表“变得变得”的词的词,和感观动词和感观动词sound,look,smell等。等。找出下列句中的表语Thank you