英语短文完型填空.ppt

《英语短文完型填空.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语短文完型填空.ppt（154页珍藏版）》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。

1、2012年考博辅导完型填空完型填空的命题思路分析大纲要求：主要测试考生在语篇层次上的理解能力以及对词汇表达方式和结构掌握的程度。考生应具有借助于词汇、句法及上下文线索对语言进行综合分析和应用的能力。完型填空的命题思路分析完型填空的命题形式:基本命题形式是给考生一篇250 词左右短文(中科院研究生院博士研究生入学考试大纲规定),出题者有目的地在每隔一定数量的词语后抽出一定数量的词/词语,形成共15处空缺,然后在相应的空缺处设置4个备选项(包括3个干扰项在内），需要考生从四个选项中选出一个最佳（the best)答案。完型填空的命题思路分析完型填空的命题思路：完型填空题的测试起源：格式塔（Gest

2、alt）心理学 完型填空的15个填空不是孤立的，而是处于一篇文章的大背景之下。整篇文章 已知信息（空白之外的原文)未知信息（15处空白）“音-词-句-段-篇”的学习方式 x完型填空的命题思路分析命题特点：15 minutes,15 points“对英语综合实力的考查，所选材料的内容和形式多样。短文开首处，一般留出一、二句“开场白”，使考生熟悉该文的主题和风格；短文的最后一句一般也不宜设置题目。所抽取的测试部分的词或短语的虚实比率应基本保持4:6，即15个空中，结构功能词（组）6个，实义词（名、动、形、副）9个。避免将本题命成语法结构或词汇题。（250 短文字数 280）”-出题指南完型填空的命

3、题思路分析考查点：“测试的重点应该放在句际关系的衔接与连贯，语篇层上的照应、替代、省略以及广义上下文的语义关联与指向上，兼顾测试狭义上下文层次上的习语、句型的理解及语言知识水平。”基本解题思路与步骤基本解题思路:通过已知“猜”未知信息 已知信息 未知信息（15处空缺）整篇文章解题步骤：1.通读文章，了解大意。2.琢磨选项，推理线索。3回读短文，查漏补缺。解题要领对付完形填空题的关键一点是:做题时一定不要只盯在一个句子上，要有全篇的概念。因为完形填空问题大多需要上下文来解决，有些问题的答案往往就在它的前后某一个地方。Sample 1Sample 2Sample1 Tomorrow Japan a

4、nd South Korea will celebrate White Day,an annual event when men are expected to buy a gift for the adored women in their lives.It is a relatively new _21_ that was commercially created as payback for Valentines Day.Thats _22_ in both countries,14 February is all about the man.21.A.copy B.concept C.

5、choice D.belief22.A.because B.as C.so D.why On Valentines Day,women are expected to buy all the important male _23_ in their lives a token gift:not just their partners,_24_ their bosses or older relatives too.23.A.clients B.friends C.figures D.colleagues24.A.but B.and C.instead of D.rather than This

6、 seems _25_ enough.Surely its reasonable for men to be indulged on one day of the year,_26_ the number of times theyre expected to produce bouquets of flowers and _27_ their woman with perfume or pearls.25.A.odd B.good C.fair D.rare26.A.given B.if C.but D.though 27.A.attract B.frustrate C.surpriseD.

7、touch But the idea of a woman _28_a man didnt sit easily with people.In 1978,the National Confectionery Industry Association（糖果业协会）_29_ an idea to solve this problem.They started to market white chocolate that men could give to women on 14 March,as _30_ for the male-oriented Valentines Day.28.A.supp

8、orting B.spoiling C.comforting D.fooling 29.A.came up with B.come out of C.came up to D.came along with30.A.companion B.compromise C.competence D.compensation It started with a handful of sweet-makers producing candy _31_ a simple gift idea.The day _32_ the public imagination,and is now a nationally

9、 _33_ date in the diaryand one where men are _34_ to whip out their credit cards.In fact,men are now expected to give gifts worth _35_ the value of those they received.What a complication:not only do men have to remember who bought them what,they have to estimate the value and multiply it by three.3

10、1.A.via B.as C.with D.for32.A.captured B.appealedC.favoredD.held33.A.documented B.recognized C.illustratedD.scheduled34.A.volunteered B.embarrassed C.sponsored D.obliged35.A.triple B.doubleC.fourfold D.equalSample 2Healthy guilt is a warning signal that either something dangerous is about to happen

11、or something has already happened that needs _21_.A feeling of distress is good when it keeps us from _22_ our own values.It serves a useful function.21.A.connectionB.correction C.recovery D.repetition 22.A.underestimating B.displaying C.violating D.deteriorating Here is a(n)_23_:If a fire broke out

12、 in someones home _24_ faulty wiring,he would not be content with _25_ putting out the fire._26_,he would have the house rewired.When we feel guilty about something,we have to make the necessary changes in our character to prevent a _27_.23.A.hypothesis B.definition C.experiment D.analogy24.A.due to

13、 B.but for C.with D.under25.A.devotedly B.primarily C.timely D.merely26.A.Therefore B.Rather C.Anyway D.Consequently27.A.distress B.renewal C.conflict D.recurrenceUnhealthy guilt is a distressful feeling which occurs without reason or persists even after appropriate steps have been taken to deal wit

14、h a situation.A person with _28_ self-esteem may react to feelings of guilt in one of two ways:_29_ that he has done wrong in order to protect his fragile ego;or experience the feeling as a _30_ that he is just an unworthy person.28.A.low B.exalted C.sincere D.much29.A.Imply B.Admit C.Deny D.Argue30

15、.A.prescription B.communication C.confirmation D.perceptionAn example involves the case of Mr.L.He has a _31_ with Mr.Y and exchanges angry words.Later that day,Mr.Y gets sick.Mr.L may feel that he was the _32_of Mr.Ys misfortune.Mr.L feels unwarranted guilt for the misfortune and thinks that his an

16、gry feelings caused the misfortune.This is irrational thinking and is _33_ of pathological guilt.31.A.contact B.disagreement C.relationship D.concern32.A.cause B.origin C.cure D.witness33.A.record B.proof C.evidence D.descriptionWhen people do research on a particular challenge and make a decision,t

17、he decision may _34_ unfavorable consequences.Feeling distress and pain is normal.However,feeling guilty over the idea that you caused the consequences is unhealthy.As long as a decision is made with proper advice and with good intent,then the person remains morally right _35_ having made the decisi

18、on.There is no reason for guilt.34.A.attach to B.turn to C.lead to D.take to 35.A.at B.in C.as D.for完型的完型的词汇基基础 完型不考偏词、难词：选项词汇在大纲规定范围内完型选项考查的高频词汇范围：完型对词汇的考察方向 “深度”完型的完型的语法基法基础各种从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、状语从句、定语从句、同位语从句）主谓一致 虚拟语气 倒装结构 比较结构 分词结构强调句型重复率较高的词汇other than=except“除外”：The truth was known to no one o

19、ther than herself.除了她本人知道真相外其他人都不知道。rather than=instead of“而不是”：I think youd call it a lecture rather than a talk.我觉得你会把它称为一次讲座而不是一次讲话。more than“比多”：No more than five people applied for the job.申请这份工作的竟然没有超过5个人。less than“比少”：Ill be back in less than no time.(=very soon)我马上回来。（200103和200410）真题示例He ne

20、eds to repeat it again and again.Something about that particular experience makes life without it _ complete.(200103)A.other than B.rather thanC.more than D.less than真题示例Those 500 channels eventually arrived but via the Internet and the PC 50 than through television.The digital revolution was starti

21、ng to affect the entertainment business in 51 ways.（200410）50.A.otherB.rather C.more D.less重复率较高的词汇As1)作为，如同：I like her as a person,but I dont think much of her as a writer.作为一个普通人，我是喜欢她的，但是作为一个作家，我对她的评价并不高。2)while正当：As I was coming,I met your brother.我来时遇到你的哥哥。3)固定搭配：such as,regard as等等。(200203 200

22、210 200403,)Many men are relinquishing their major responsibility 53 the family provider.（200203）53.A.as B.ofC.from D.forBuses will persist 51 the primary form of motorized transportation in developing countries for decades.（200210）51.A.toB.as C.withD.overWe 43 our furniture to serve 44 _ visible sy

23、mbols of our taste,wealth,and social position.（200403）44.A.ofB.forC.asD.with重复率较高的语法虚拟语气：If I _ in your shoes,Id accept the terms.A.am B.was C.were D.had been非真非真实条件句中条件句中谓语动词形式形式条件从句条件从句主句主句与现在事实相反与现在事实相反If sb.+过去式过去式（be的过去式是的过去式是were）sb.+would(should,could,might)+动词原动词原形形与过去事实相反与过去事实相反If sb.+had d

24、onesb.+would(should,could,might)+have done与将来事实可能与将来事实可能相反相反If sb.+A.过去式过去式 B.were to do C.should+动动词原形词原形sb.+would(should,could,might)+动词原动词原形形非真实条件与现在事实相反（条件从句过去式Ifdid；结果主句should/would+v.）：If I were you,I would refuse the money.假如我是你的话，我就不会要那钱。What would you do if you saw an injured bird?假如你看见一只受伤

25、的鸟，你会怎么办？与与现在事在事实相反（例句）相反（例句）If I were rich enough,I would travel around the world.(The fact is that I cant travel around the world because I dont have enough money.)If I had a car,I should be very happy.If I were a bird,I could fly freely in the sky.If I had HIV,I would know because I would feel si

26、ck.If I were you,I would give AIDS patient a hug.非真实条件与过去事实相反（条件从句Ifhad+past participle；结果主句should/would+have+past participle）：We should have dropped by if we had had time.假如我们有时间的话，我们就会顺道拜访了。If they hadnt gone on vacation,their house wouldnt have been broken into.如果他们没去休假，他们家就不会被破门而入了。(0310)与与过去事去事

27、实相反（例句）相反（例句）If I had known her telephone number,I would have called her.(The fact is that I didnt call her because I didnt know her telephone number.)If he had got up earlier,he could have caught the train.非真实条件与将来事实相反（条件从句过去式 If sb.+A.过去式；B.were to do；C.should+动词原形结果主句should/would+v.）：snowed(常用形式)

28、If it were to snow(可能性较小)tomorrow,I should snow(可能性较大)should(would)stay at home.如果明天下雪，我就呆在家里。与将来事与将来事实可能相反（例句）可能相反（例句）If she were to marry Jack,she would be happy.如果她如果她嫁嫁给杰克，她会幸福的。杰克，她会幸福的。If I should go abroad,I would go to America.假如我要假如我要出国，我就会去美国出国，我就会去美国。谓语前置前置Were you in my position(If you w

29、ere in my position),you would do the same.假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。Hed probably have done the same had he been in your position(if he had been in your position).假如他处在你的地位，他可能也会这样干的。(200303)真题示例and it is a source of inner satisfaction even _ other facets of life prove disappointing.(200303)A.shall B.will C.

30、would D.should真题示例It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we _ what we know now.(200310)A.know B.knew C.had known D.have known定定语从句从句 1.My wife and I went to Italy last year,_ we spent a very restful three weeks.A.where B.when C.which D.that 2.Mr.Brown was the only one _

31、accepted the situation philosophically.A.that B.who C.which D.whom真题示例When the entertainment companies 48 out the technology,it worked finebut not at a price 49 people were prepared to pay.(200410)49.A.sinceB.whenC.forD.that A sociolinguistic approach in 35 male-female conversation is seen as cross-

32、cultural communication allows us to understand the problem and forge solutions without blaming either party.(0610)A what B which C who D whom关联词(关系副词)when,where,why 可做时间、地点、原因等状语Shes going home where she can rest.她要回家了，在家里她可以休息。He has reached the point where a change is needed.他已到了需要改弦易辙的地步。真题示例Men

33、and women want to experience marriages that are interdependent,_ both partners nurture each other,attend and respond to each other,and encourage and promote each other.(200203)A.unless B.although C.where D.becauseBut men live in a hierarchical world,23 talk maintains independence and statue.(200610)

34、A what B which C where D when 关联词(关系代词)who,whom,whose,that,which可做主语、宾语、定语等The dog which was lost has been found.丢失了的狗找着了。Youre the only one whose advice he might listen to.只有你的话他可能会听。Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea.我想要一个窗户面临大海的房间。As,than,but作关系代词The two brothers were satisfied wi

35、th this decision,as was agreed beforehand.两兄弟对此决定都满意，这项决定在事前已都得到他们的同意。(as this decision)Boy as he was,he was chosen king.他虽是孩子，却被选为国王。(as boy)There may be more importance in it than would seem.他所包含的重要性可能比看上去得更多。(than importance)You spent more money than was intended to be spent.你花得钱超过了预定的数额。(than mo

36、ney)All,everything,nothing,little,much,first,last,next,only All that you need to do when you multiply by ten is to add a zero or to move the decimal point.当你把一个数乘10时，需要做的只是加一个零或移动小数点。I appreciate all youve done for us.我感激你为我们所做的一切。Possibly King Lear is the most intellectual play Shakespeare wrote.李尔

37、王也许是莎士比亚写出的最富有理性的剧本。当一个先行当一个先行词后面出后面出现两个定两个定语从句从句时，第二个关系代第二个关系代词用用 wh-These are forms that occasionally occur but which should not be taught.这些形式偶尔出现不该教。Hes the best men I can find who can mend it within an hour.他是我能找到的一小时之内就能修补好这样东西的最合适的人。关系代词用作介词的宾语The official to whom we applied for a permit was

38、most obliging.(The official whom we applied to for a permit was most obliging.)我们向他申请许可证的那位官员非常热情The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff,eighty percent of whom are women.这家纺织厂有8000多职工，女职工占80%。状状语从句从句 时间状状语从句从句 As spring warms the good earth,all flowers begin to bloom.随着大地回春，万花开始绽放。Now that

39、 this conference has ended,is there greater security in that part of the world?现在会议已经结束，那一带的安全是不是增强了呢？状语从句 时间状状语从句从句 In fact,Zurich kids speak Swiss German,which is _25_ an oral language.In school they have to learn standard German,which _26_ is a foreign language._27_ you add them all together Zuri

40、ch kids are learning four languages.(200710)27.A.Therefore B.When C.Unless D.Yet 状状语从句从句地点状地点状语从句从句 Sit down wherever you like.你喜欢坐哪就做哪？Anywhere she goes,he goes too.不论她去哪，他就去哪。真题示例In Cairo,children who _ might be in kindergarten can be found digging through clots of ox waste(200003)A.elsewhere B.an

41、ywhereC.somewhere D.nowhere状状语从句从句原因状原因状语从句从句 Since you wont help me,Ill ask someone else.你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮我。（对方已知、常译“既然”）It must have rained last night,for the ground is still wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。（比较文气、时作附加说明）真题再现However,early in life I gave up throwing sticks _34_ the cat to make him drop the mouse,

42、_35_ the dropped mouse regularly went ahead and died anyway.(200803)35.A.but B.because C.while D.in order that In Zurich,a leading canton in the Swiss Confederation,it has been proposed to teach one foreign language-English-in primary school.This would represent a change _21_ Zurichs elementary scho

43、ol kids now study English and French.(0710)21.A.which B.since C.even if D.now that状状语从句从句结果状果状语从句从句 I was in the bath,with the result that I didnt hear the telephone.I was in the bath so that I didnt hear the telephone.我在洗澡，所以没有听到电话铃声。真题示例It is now that you must learn to exercise your mind sufficien

44、tly _ learning becomes a joy and you thereby become a student for life.(200303)A.if B.because C.so that D.before A better solution is to understand the symbolic process 54 instead of being its slaves we become,to some degree at least,its 55 _.（200403）54.A.so that B.in thatC.considering thatD.by reas

45、on that 状状语从句从句程度状程度状语从句从句 He was so angry that he could not speak.His anger was such that he could not speak.他气得都说不出来话来了。So long as you need me,Ill stay.只要你需要我，我就会呆下去。状状语从句从句目的状目的状语从句从句 Speak clearly so that they may understand you.你要讲得清楚，他们才能听懂。He spoke slowly in order that everyone should underst

46、and.他讲得很慢，以便人人听得懂。状状语从句从句让步状步状语从句从句 Although it is difficult,we shall do it.此事虽难，但我们要做。They are good people,for all that their ways are not the same as ours.他们是好人，尽管他们的生活习惯和我们的不同。She says shell follow him no matter where he goes.她说不论他到哪里她都要跟他走。真题示例_ important air travel becomes,buses,automobiles and

47、 low-speed trains will surely go on serving vital functions.(200210)A.Despite the fact B.Whatever it isC.No matter how D.Whether or not状状语从句从句条件状条件状语从句从句（真实条件）If it snows tomorrow,we will build a snowman.明天如果下雪，我们就堆雪人。Youll be late unless you hurry.如果不赶快的话，你会迟到的。Given good health,I hope to finish th

48、e work this year.如若身体可以，我希望今年完成这项工作。解题方法1.语义连接法2.逻辑关系法3.同义复现法4.褒贬一致法解题方法：语义连接法并列关系递进关系因果关系转折关系列举关系让步关系对比关系时间关系条件关系.解题方法：语义连接法并列关系：and,and also,or,neithernor,eitheror,not onlybut also,likewise,similarly,equally,in the same way,that is to say,as well as,sameas真题示例A heroin addict,for instance,leads a（5

49、9）life,his increasing need for heroin in increasing doses prevents him from working,from maintaining relationships,from developing in human ways.60 an alcoholics life is narrowed and dehumanized by his dependence on alcohol.（2000）60.A.Similarly B.Conversely C.Naturally D.Generally真题示例In Britain,a su

50、doku book is a bestseller and national newspapers are competing _22_ to publish the most,and the most fiendish,puzzles._23_,the puzzle is being published in newspapers from Australia to Croatia to America.（2005）23.A.Consequently B.Meanwhile C.Eventually D.Nevertheless真题示例Explosive population growth