人教版英语选修七第一单元语法80583.ppt

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1、M7U1 Living wellGrammar 动词不定式动词不定式(Infinitive)由由“to+do”构成构成,否定形式否定形式_ Functions of InfinitiveFunctions of Infinitive:主语主语(Subject)、表语表语(Predicative)、宾语宾语(Object)、宾补宾补(Object Complement)、定语定语(Attribute)、状语状语(Adverbial)、做独立成分做独立成分(Independent component)与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用P.S:不定式不定式可有自己的可有自己的逻辑主语逻辑主语,即即for

2、sb.to do sth.动词不定式不能作动词不定式不能作_谓语谓语not/never to do1.不定式作主语不定式作主语(subject)To finish this report took him a week.眼见为实。眼见为实。To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.Its impossible _ humans to fly like a bird now.Its polite _ you to greet everyone.P.S:单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用_。不定式作主、宾、表通常表示具体的、一次性

3、的、不定式作主、宾、表通常表示具体的、一次性的、特定的行为。特定的行为。若不定式太长，多用若不定式太长，多用it作作_,不定式置后。不定式置后。forof单数单数形式主语形式主语2.不定式作表语不定式作表语(Predicative)What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.P.S:主语为不定式，表语也需为主语为不定式，表语也需为_.我的工作是要帮助病人。我的工作是要帮助病人。My job is to help the patients.不定式常用在系动词不定式

4、常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词不定式常用在系动词 be,seem,appear,get,remainbe,seem,appear,get,remain等后作表语等后作表语等后作表语等后作表语The only thing to do now is(to)go on.What Ill do is(to)tell her the truth.All he did just now was(to)complete the form.P.S:当主语含有当主语含有_，作表语的不定式可省，作表语的不定式可省略略_.不定式不定式do 的某种形式的某种形式to3.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语(Object)I de

5、cided to ask for my money back.我觉得他不可能在这么短的时间内完成任务。我觉得他不可能在这么短的时间内完成任务。I feel it impossible for him to finish the job in such a short time.It 作作_：think/consider/find/feel/believe/suppose/make+it+adj./n.+to do sth.形式宾语形式宾语4.不定式作宾补不定式作宾补(Object Complement)1)带带to的不定式作宾补的不定式作宾补动词动词:allow,order,force,per

6、mit,tell,want,wish,forbid,advise,persuade,warn等后皆以带等后皆以带to的不的不定式作宾补。定式作宾补。2)他做了一个鬼脸他做了一个鬼脸,逗得大家都笑了。逗得大家都笑了。He made a face and made us laugh.作宾补的不定式作宾补的不定式不带不带to:使役动词使役动词make,have,let;感官动词感官动词see,watch,observe,hear,listen to,notice等等被动态被动态He made a face and we _.were made to laughP.S.若上述结构变为被动语态若上述结构

7、变为被动语态,to要还原要还原。1.They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree.The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.2.Mother made John wash the car for a week.John was made to wash the car for a week.5.不定式作定语不定式作定语(Attribute)Could you lend me a pen _(write)?He is looking for a room _(live).Please pass me

8、 some paper _(write).P.S：若不定式是若不定式是vi.,不定式后介词不可省。不定式后介词不可省。He had place _(live).P.S：不定式所修饰的名词若是不定式所修饰的名词若是time,place或或way，其的介词习惯上省去。，其的介词习惯上省去。to write withto live into write onto live5.不定式作定语不定式作定语(Attribute)她总是第一个到最后一个离开。她总是第一个到最后一个离开。She is always the first to come and the last to leave.P.S：当名词被当

9、名词被the first,the last,the only等等序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，通常用不定序数词以及形容词最高级修饰时，通常用不定式作定语。式作定语。The meeting _(hold)tomorrow is important.P.S：不定式作定语表示不定式作定语表示未发生未发生的动作。的动作。to be heldsomething,anything,nothing,everything 等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。Do you have anything _(send)?I have nothing _(say).to sendt

10、o say不定式作定语不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间有与所修饰的词之间有主谓、同位、动宾主谓、同位、动宾 三种关系：三种关系：(1)_ 关系关系I have a lot of work to do.(2)_ 关系关系He is always the first to come.(3)_ 关系关系We all have a chance to go to college.动宾动宾主谓主谓同位同位6.不定式作状语不定式作状语(Adverbial)1)目的目的状语状语(to do,in order to,so as to do)I stayed there to seeto see what woul

11、d happen.He spoke loudly in order toin order to be heard.2)结果结果状语状语(tooto do,so/such as to do)He lay in the bed only _ his feet exposed.He got there only _(find)the train gone.3)原因原因状语状语(be+adj.+to do)sorry,surprised,happy,glad,eager,angry,foolish,right,wrong,slow,quick,rude,cruel We were very excit

12、ed to hearto hear the news.I have to say goodbye now.Im happy to meetto meet you.to findto find辨析辨析 doing/to do 作结果状语作结果状语I went to see my aunt only to find her out.I went to see my aunt,finding her out.He donated a lot of money _(enable)the orphans to go to school.He donated a lot of money,_(enable

13、)the orphans to go to school.to enableenabling_(老实说老实说),I am not happy at the moment.to be frank to be honest to tell the truth to be shortto begin with to be exact to make a long story short7.不定式作不定式作独立结构独立结构(Absolute construction)To be honest动词不定式的时态和语态动词不定式的时态和语态形形 式式主主 动动被被 动动一般式一般式进行式进行式完成式完成式完

14、成进完成进行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone(1)They pretended not to see us.(2)He pretended to be sleeping.(3)She pretended to have known it before.(在谓语动词发生的同时在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行。不定式的动作也正在进行。)(完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。)(4)Were happy to have been worki

15、ng with you.(完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续。)It is an honor for me _(invite)to attend the meeting.He wants the house _(repair)at once.to be invitedto be repaired1)Do you have anything else _(say)?2)Boss,do you have anything _(type)?3)With much homework _(do)

16、,I cant go to play football with you.4)The question is very difficult _(answer).5)The problem is easy _(deal with).主语主语be+adj.+to do adj.adj.:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome,interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important.6)The river water is warm enough to swim in.7)The ice i

17、s too thin to skate on.too to do,enough to do 注意：一、不定式的主动形式表示被动意义注意：一、不定式的主动形式表示被动意义to sayto be typedto doto answerto deal with1.如果主语部分有如果主语部分有do,用作表语的不定式可省略用作表语的不定式可省略to。你要做的就是快点完成任务。你要做的就是快点完成任务。All you have to do is(to)finish the job quickly.2.感官动词、使役动词后作宾补时感官动词、使役动词后作宾补时,省去省去to；但在被动语态中但在被动语态中to还

18、原。还原。他们看到男孩从树上跌了下来。他们看到男孩从树上跌了下来。They saw the boy fall from the tree.=The boy was seen to fall from the tree.注意：二、不定式注意：二、不定式to的省略的省略3.cant but/cant choose but/cant help but/cant do but +do She could do nothing but _(cry).We can not choose but _(leave)at once.I have no choice but _(go).We can not he

19、lp but _(think)so.注意：二、不定式注意：二、不定式to的省略的省略cryto gothink 4.不定式中的动词上文已出现过不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词下文要省略该动词.-Would you like to go with me?-Id like _.to 不定式是不定式是to be 结构结构,be 不可省不可省.-Would you like to be a teacher?-Id like _.to beleave不定式与疑问词不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，可充当主语、表语等连用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。、宾语等。H

20、e didnt know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.注意：三、不定式与疑问词连用注意：三、不定式与疑问词连用宾语宾语主语主语表语表语 为什么不休息下呢？为什么不休息下呢？Why not have a rest?P.S:在与在与why连用时，只用于连用时，只用于why或或why not开头开头的简短疑问句中，后跟的简短疑问句中，后跟不带不带to的动词不定式。的动词不定式。stop to do sth.停下来去做某事停下来去做某事 doing sth.停止做

21、某事停止做某事forget to do sth.忘记去做某事忘记去做某事 doing sth.忘记已做了某事忘记已做了某事remember to do sth.记得去做某事记得去做某事 doing sth.记得曾经做某事记得曾经做某事注意：四、几对易混淆的词组注意：四、几对易混淆的词组1.Last summer I took a course on _.A.how to make dresses B.how dresses be made C.how to be made dresses D.how dresses to be made课堂练兵课堂练兵2.Ive worked with chi

22、ldren before,so I know what _ in my new job.A.expected B.to expect C.to be expecting D.expects3.There are five pairs_,but I am at a loss which to buy.A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing4.I find these problems are easy _.A.to be worked out B.to work them out C.to work out D.to

23、be worked them out5._ late in the morning,Bob turned off the alarm.A.To sleep B.Sleeping C.Sleep D.Having slept6.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A.to go B.having gone C.going D.to have gone7.John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment.

24、A.to wash B.washing C.wash D.to be washing8.Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job.A.so not as to B.so as not to C.so as to not D.not so as to9.The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A.to eat not B.eating not C.not to eat D.not eating1._ this cake,youll need 2 eggs,175g sugar

25、 and 175g flour.(2006 广东卷广东卷)A.Having made B.Make C.To make D.Making2.Leonardo da Vinci(1452-1519)_ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.(2007 重庆卷重庆卷)A.is said to be buying B.is said to have bought C.had said to buy D.has said to have bought3.I like getting up very

26、early in summer.The morning air is so good _.(2008 全国卷全国卷)A.to be breathed B.to breathe C.breathing D.being breathed4.Did the book give the information you needed?Yes.But _ it,I had to read the entire book.(2008 北京卷北京卷)A.to find B.find C.to finding D.finding5.David threatened _ his neighbor to the p

27、olice if the damages were not paid.(2009 上海卷上海卷)A.to be reported B.reporting C.to report D.having reported6.With the world changing fast,we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.(2009 重庆卷重庆卷)A.deal B.dealt C.to deal D.dealing7.The children all turned _ the famous actress as she entere

28、d the classroom.(2009 全国卷全国卷I)A.looked at B.to look at C.to looking at D.look at8.With Fathers Day around the corner,I have taken some money out of the bank _ presents for my dad.(2010 全国全国I卷卷)A.buy B.to buy C.buying D.to have bought9.There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.(2010 江西

29、卷江西卷)A.to discover B.to be discovered C.discovered D.being discovered10.We were astonished _ the temple still in its original condition.(2010 辽宁卷辽宁卷)A.finding B.to find C.find D.to be found11.I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term.(2010 山东卷山东卷)A.completing B.to complete C.completed D

30、.being completed12.In many peoples opinion,that company,though relatively small,is pleasant _.(2010 四川卷四川卷)A.to deal with B.dealing with C.to be dealt with D.dealt with1 爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。爱和被爱都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 据说他已经完成了他的工作。据说他已经完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根据报道他们已安全到达。根据报道他们已安全到达。They are rep

31、orted _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis work翻译下面的句子。翻译下面的句子。to have arrived safely4 我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车。I want this bike _.5 玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。玛利仿佛已经被告知此事了。Mary seemed _.6 众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚众所周知，奥运会上他被授予了一枚 金牌。金牌。He is known _ a gold medal at the Olympics.to be repaired at onceto have been told about itto have been given/immediately