人教新课标必修三英语语法-名词性从句[教学课件].ppt

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1、英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句(compoundsentence)复合句复合句(complexsentence)英语句子概论简单句的五种简单句的五种基本基本句型句型The weather is very cold.主语主语+谓语（连系动词）谓语（连系动词）+表语表语He laughed.主语主语+谓语（谓语（vi.）I like Chinese food.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语She taught them physics.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语We must keep the

2、room warm.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语 并列句并列句把两个或几个简单句用把两个或几个简单句用并列连词并列连词连接起来。连接起来。IturnedontheTV.MysisterandIwatchedit.I turned on the TV and my sister and I watched it.Iboughtmysisterapresent.Shedidntlikeit.I bought my sister a present,but she didnt like it.并列句并列句并列句并列句常用并列连词常用并列连词:平行平行并列连词并列连词:

3、转折转折并列连词：并列连词：因果因果并列连词并列连词:选择选择并列连词并列连词:and,bothand,notonlybutalso,neithernorbut,however,while,yet,or,eitherorfor,so复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 名词名词性从句性从句 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句1.The boy who is standing over there is Tom2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句3.I know(that)he is from Americ

4、a(宾语从句）宾语从句）名词名词性从句性从句-NounClauses(名词性从句名词性从句)Subject Clause (主语从句主语从句)Appositive Clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）Object Clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）Predicative Clause（表语从句）（表语从句）名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句在复合句中能担任中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。等。主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his jo

5、b.This is what he does every day.宾语宾语I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语I dont know about the man,Mr.White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.Whowillwinthematchisstillunknown.Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame.Thenewsthatwewonthegameisex

6、citing.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句 名词性从句名词性从句的作用相当于名词，因此主语从的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。同位语从句同位语从句Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句（复合句）（复合句）句子做宾语就是宾语从句句子做宾语就是宾语从句

7、，跟在，跟在及物动词及物动词或或介词介词后后句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 +连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句。宾语从句。Conjunctions of Noun ClausesConjunctions of Noun Clauses(引导名词性从句引导名词性从句的关联词的关联词):从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,ifwhen,where,how,why一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）1.that1.当当宾宾语语从从句

8、句是是由由陈陈述述句句转转变变而而来来时时（包包括括肯肯定定句句和和否否定定句句），连连词词由由that引引导导，因因为为that在在从从句句中中不不作作任任何何成成分分，也也没没有有任任何何具具体体意意思思，因因此在口语或非正式文体中此在口语或非正式文体中常省略常省略。vLinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.2.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能省略：不能省略：（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个第二个that不能不能省；省；（2）当）当that

9、从句作从句作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。（3）用）用it做做形式宾语形式宾语的宾语从句。的宾语从句。Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.3.在在主主句句为为动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面所

10、跟的省略面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是的从句也可算是宾语从句。宾语从句。vImsorry(that)Idontknow.vWeresure(that)ourteamwillwin.vImafraid(that)hewontpasstheexam.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是由由一一般般疑疑问问句句变变来来时时时时，由由连连词词whether或或if引导，引导，“是否是否”，不能省略。，不能省略。(1).Lilywantedtoknow_hergrandmalikedthehandbag.(2).Letssee_wecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.(

11、3).Sheaskedme-shecouldborrowthesebooks.注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别:1).whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 a.当有当有or not时就用时就用whether,不用不用if.I dont know whether or not I will stay.b.介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if.I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.2.whether/ifif/whetherif/whetherif/whetherPractice timeif/w

12、hether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I dont know _ I should go.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_ to go.whether3.当当宾宾语语从从句句是是由由特特殊殊疑疑问问句句转转变变而而来来时时，由由疑疑问问词词（what,who,whom,which,whosewhen,w

13、here,how,why等等）引引导导，因因为为疑疑问问词词在在从从句句中中担担任任一一定定的的句句子子成成分分，具具有一定的意义，所以有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。不可以省略。vDoyouknow-hesaidjustnow?vIdontremember-wearrived.vIaskedhim-Icouldgetsomuchmoney.vPleasetellme-wehavetosee.vDoyouknow-timetheplaneleaves?whatwhenwherewho whomwhat二、时态二、时态1.1.如如果果主主句句是是现现在在的的时时态态 （包包括括一一般般现现在在时时

14、 ，现现在在进进行行时时，现现在在完完成成时时），从从句句的的时时态态可可根根 据据实实际际情情况况而而定定，（包包括括一一般般现现在在时时，一一般般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。vIknowhe_-here.(live)vIknowhe-heretenyearsago.(live)vIhaveheardthathe-tomorrow.(come)2.如如果果主主句句是是过过去去的的时时态态（包包括括一一般般过过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时），那那么么从从句句的的时时态态一一定定要要用用相相对对应应的的过过去去的的某某种种时时态态（包包括括一一般般过

15、过去去时时，过过去去进进行行时时，过过去去将将来来时时，过去完成时）过去完成时）I knew who-here.(live)I saw she _-her mother.(talk)He asked whether his father _tomorrow.(come back)He said that he _it.(see)3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时一般现在时。The teacher said that the earth-around the sun.The teacher said that the earth-aroun

16、d the sun.（traveltravel）liveslivedwill cometravelstravelslivedwas talking withwould come backhad seen三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词：连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分。其他成分。1.Idontknowwhatisthematterthetroublewrongwithhim.2.Idontknowwhodidit.3.Idontknowwhoishe1.When will he go to the library?1 His brother asks

17、 when he will go to the library.2 His brother asks when will he go to the library.2.What does he want to buy?1 I dont know what he wants to buy.2 I dont know what does he want to buy.1.WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWeyesterday.2.Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein.注意：注意：it常可以放在动词常可以放在动词think,find,consid

18、er,believe,feel,make等后作为等后作为形式宾语形式宾语,真真正的宾语正的宾语-that从句则放在句尾从句则放在句尾.*_(我们觉得很奇怪我们觉得很奇怪)shedidntgotoschooltoday.WethinkitstrangethatFill in the blanks with suitable conjunctions.1.-Canyoutellme_themanis?-Heismybrother.2.I didnt know _ he was coming until yesterday.3.The doctor asks _ medicine you havet

19、aken.4.I want to know _ they solved theproblemsinthecity.whowhenwhathowwhenWhether/if1.1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whetherA.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.2.Wedontknow_theydidit.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichA.howB.w

20、hoC.whatD.which3.3.TheThe teacherteacherasksasks usus _ JimJim cancan comecome backback onontime.time.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeA.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime 4.4.DoesDoesanybodyanybodyknowknow_wewewillwillhavehavea asportssportsmeetingthisweekendornot.meetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatA

21、.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Couldyoushowme_?5.Couldyoushowme_?A.howcanIgettothestationA.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestationD.howIcanreachthestation6.Pleasetellme_.6.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB

22、.whathedoeslikeA.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike7.Mysistertoldhim_.7.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedA.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD8.Someoneisringingthed

23、oorbell.Goandsee_.8.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_.A.whoisheB.whoheisA.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitisC.whoisitD.whoitis9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?9.Couldyoutellmehowlong_?A.youhaveboughtthewatchA.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayf

24、romChinaC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.10.Hesaysthatifit_tomorrow,he_fishing.A.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoA.willrain,wontgoB.rained,wasntgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoC.rains,wontgoD.rain,willgoBC

25、DSubject Clauses 主语从句主语从句Conjunctions of Noun ClausesConjunctions of Noun Clauses(引导名词性从句引导名词性从句的关联词的关联词):从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,when,where,how,why1.iscertain.（我们将迟到了）（我们将迟到了）2._isknowntoall.(地球是圆的地球是圆的)3._isapity(你错过了这次机会

26、你错过了这次机会)ThattheearthisroundThatyoumissedthechance二二whether是否，表不确定的事情是否，表不确定的事情.引导词引导词That we shall be latehurts him so much.（她离开他（她离开他）一一.that _-_-只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略只起引导作用，不充当成分，但不能省略。没有意义。没有意义。1).That she left him_ is not easy to say(他是否会来这）他是否会来这）2)Whether he will come here(If he will come here.)

27、3)_is more practice.(我们所需要的）我们所需要的）what 在从句中作主语。在从句中作主语。4）is under discussion.When 在从句中作状语在从句中作状语What we needWhen we will begin the meeting“if”不能引导主语从句不能引导主语从句三。其他疑问词三。其他疑问词注意一注意一:主语从句后置主语从句后置!为了避免主语冗长免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常经常用用it作形式主语作形式主语,主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.Thatweshallbelateiscertain.1.Tha

28、ttheearthisroundisknowntoall.-2.Thatyoumissedthechanceisapity.-Itisapitythatyoumissedthechance.Itsknowntoallthattheearthisround.-Its certain that we shall be late.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型:It is+adj/n that(strange/a pity)It is+v ed that.(said/reported.由连词由连词 whether,连接代词连接代词 what,who,which和和连接副词连

29、接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导等引导,也常常后也常常后置置:Who will do it _been decided(have/has)What he needs _ that book.What he needs _ some books.isare注意三：注意三：What 与与 that 引导主语从句引导主语从句what引导名词性从句时在从句中引导名词性从句时在从句中充当句子成分充当句子成分,如主语如主语,宾语宾语,表语表语,而而that则不然则不然,它在句子中它在句子中只起连接作用只起连接作用。.(1)_you said yesterday is right.(2)

30、_she is still alive is a puzzleWhatThat注意：主语从句中注意：主语从句中，谓语动词一般用，谓语动词一般用单数单数注意二注意二What引导的主语从句，可根据引导的主语从句，可根据表语表语决定决定1._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true.A.That B.Why C.What D.How 2._well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A If B Whether C That D Where 3._ is known to us all

31、 is that America is a developed country_the First World.a.Which;belong to b.As,belonged to b.c.What;belonging to d.It;belonging to4.Itsknowntousall_aformofenergy.A.waterisB.thatwaterisC.iswaterD.thatwaterto5.Itworriedherabit_herhairwasturninggray.A.whetherB.thatC.whatD.when6.WhatIsayandthink_noneofy

32、ourbusiness.A.isB.areC.hasDhavePredicative Clauses 表语从句表语从句从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what,who,whom,whose,which,wh+everthat,whether,asif/asthoughwhen,where,how,why.because表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在放在系动词系动词之后之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主主语语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有。可

33、以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem表语从句表语从句The question is _we can rely on him.Thats _we were in need of money at that time.He looked _he was going to cry.Thats _I was late.whetherbecauseas ifwhy注注 意：意：1.在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否”时，只能用时，只能用“whether”不能用不能用“if”。2.一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。3.It is/was because.4

34、.It is/was why.5.3.The reason(why/for)is/was that.6.4 The reason is because/whythat .1.Thats_thePartycalledonustodo.A.whyB.whatC.howD.that2.Thereasonis_heisunabletooperatethemachine.A.becauseB.whyC.thatD.Whether3.Thatis_theyseparated.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where4.Janeisnolonger_shewasfouryearsago.A.wh

35、atB.whichC.thatD.when找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句。1.IdontknowifIcandoit.2.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.3.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.4.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.5.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句

36、同位语从句宾语从句宾语从句6.Thatswhatyouaregoingtodofirst.7.Itllbedecidedattheclassmeetingwhoistobethemonitorofourclass.8.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.9.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.10.HegavemethenewsthatsomeAmericanswillvisitourschooltomorrow.主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句主语从句主语从句同位语从句同位语从句appositiv

37、e Clauses 同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句同位语从句 1.跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。跟在某些名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明。常用名词有常用名词有belief,fact,idea,hope,news,doubt,result,thought,information,opinion等。等。Suggestion,suggest order demand wish等等2.常用连词：常用连词：that;when,where,why,howe.g.1.消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。消息传来，拿破仑要来视察他的军队。Word came that Napoleon would

38、 come and inspect his grand army.Its the question how he did it.3同位语从句多用that 引导，无意义，不可省。2.问题是他如何做这件事的问题是他如何做这件事的4.在在have no idea之后用之后用wh-引导同位语从句引导同位语从句I have no idea where he has gone.I have no idea when he did it.I have no idea what he did.1.Two thirds of all girls in Britain are on a diet./The fac

39、t worries their parents and teachers a lot.2.The Queen of England was on a three-day visit in China./We heard the news last night._ The fact that two thirds of all girls are on a diet worries their parents and teachers a lot._We heard the news last night that the Queen of England was on a three-day

40、visit in China.4.Time travel is possible./There is no scientific proof for the idea.5.Chinese students should be given more free time./The suggestion is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.3.Teenagers should not spend too much time online./Many British parents hold the view._Many Briti

41、sh parents hold the view that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online._There is no scientific proof for the idea that time travel is possible._The suggestion that Chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people,especially kids in school.1.We expressed the hope that t

42、hey had expected.2.We expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句3.连词连词that在同位语从句中在同位语从句中不可省略不可省略,而在定语从句中当它充当而在定语从句中当它充当宾宾语时可以省略语时可以省略。区别区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句引导的同位语从句和定语从句：1.引导同位语的连词引导同位语的连词that在句中在句中不作任何句子成分不作任何句子成分，而在定语从，而在定语从句中，句中，that充当的可以是充当的可以是从句的主语或宾语从句的主语或宾语

43、等等2.同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明具体说明，而定语从句是对前面名，而定语从句是对前面名词词进行修饰，解释为进行修饰，解释为“.的的”3.The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.1.The news that our team has won the game was true.2.The news that he told me yesterday was true同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句判断判断:定语从句定语从句or同位语从句同位语从句1.The ord

44、er that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.2.The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.3.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.4.The news that we got last week is true.5.The question that we

45、discussed yesterday is a difficult one.(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)(定语从句定语从句)注意注意1：that/what的辨用的辨用1._hewantsisabook.2._hewantstogothereisobvious.3.Weshouldpayattentionto_theteacherissaying.4.Hetoldus_hefeltill.5.Theresultis_wewonthegame.6.Thisis_wewanttoknow.7.Ihavenoidea_hedidthataf

46、ternoon.8.Thefact_sheworkshardiswellknowntousall.WhatThatwhatwhatwhat（that）（that）thatRules1.that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用连接作用2.what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。当成分，可做从句的主语、宾语、或表语。注意注意2：whether与与if的辨用的辨用1.Whetheritistrueremainsaproblem.2.Itremainsaproblemwhether/i

47、fitistrue.3.Heaskedwhether/ifMarywouldattendtheceremony.4.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.6.Thequestionwhetherhellattendthemeetingisimportant.7.Ididntknowwhethertolaughortocry.8.Idontknowwhether/ifitisrightornot.Rules1.在由形式主语在由形式主语it引导的主语从句及在引导的主语从句及在vt

48、动词后面的动词后面的宾语从句中，表宾语从句中，表“是否是否”，whether/if 都可以用；都可以用；2.在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在在前置主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和跟在介词后面的宾语从句中，表介词后面的宾语从句中，表“是否是否”，只能只能用用whether；3.在在whether or not 和和whether to do 中中whether 不能不能换成换成ifPractice timeif/whether1.Iaskedher_shehadabike.2.Idontknow_heiswellornot.3._wewillholdapartyintheopenair

49、tomorrowdependsontheweather.4.Ithasntbeendecided_weshallattendthemeeting.5.Wereworriedabout_heissafe.6.Thequestionis_heshoulddoit.7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion_theoldmanwillrecoversoon.8.Idontknow_togoortostayathome.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if1._made the sc

50、hool proud was _more than 90%of the students had been admitted to key universities.A What/because B What/that C That/what D That/because2._she couldnt understand was _ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.A What/why B That/what C What/because D Why/that BAB3.He is absent from scho