腹膜透析充分性教案资料.ppt
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1、腹膜透析充分性Transport Processes in PeritonealTransport Processes in PeritonealDialysisDialysisOsmosis(渗透)-Movement of water from an area of higher concentration(lower solute concentration)to an area of lower concentration(higher solute concentration)Diffusion(扩散)-Movement of solute from an area of higher
2、 concentrationto an area of lower concentrationModels of Peritoneal TransportModels of Peritoneal Transport The three pore modelThe three pore model The pore-matrix model The pore-matrix model The distributed model The distributed modelThese models are not mutually exclusive;rather they should be vi
3、ewed as complementary to one another.T Transport Across the Peritoneal ransport Across the Peritoneal Endothelium:The Three Pore ModelEndothelium:The Three Pore Model Large pores(100-200)few in number(3%of SA)transport macromoleculesclefts between endothelial cells Small pores(40-60)most numerous(95
4、%of SA)allow transport of small solutes and waterpostulated to be clefts in the endothelium;have not been demonstrated anatomically BasedTransport Across the Peritoneal Transport Across the Peritoneal Endothelium:The Three Pore Model(Endothelium:The Three Pore Model(续)Ultrasmall(transcellular)pores(
5、4-6)many in number(but only 2%of SA)transport water only(Na sieving)Demonstrated to be AQP 1(水通道蛋白)Water Transport in Aquaporin-1Water Transport in Aquaporin-1Knockout MiceKnockout MiceYang et al.AJP 276:C76,1999问题:如果反复在90分钟放出腹透液,对病人电解质会产生什么影响?Ultrafiltration in PD:Ultrafiltration in PD:The Pore-Mat
6、rix ModelThe Pore-Matrix Model多糖包被,细胞衣Effective Peritoneal Surface AreaEffective Peritoneal Surface AreaIncreased“effective”peritoneal surface area may occur:During peritonitis After prolonged exposure to high glucose-containing fluids这就是为什么腹膜炎时和长期透析后这就是为什么腹膜炎时和长期透析后“PET高转运的原因!高转运的原因!Kt/V(HD)=ln(R.0
7、08xt)+(43.5xR)x0.55UF/WAdequacy is a concept,not a number,and includes more than the issues listed above.Fun fact:Urea was discovered by Hilaire Rouelle in 1773.It was the first organic compound to be artificially synthesized from inorganic starting materials,in 1828 by Friedrich Woehler.残肾GFR 计算残肾G
8、FR=(肾尿素清除率+肾肌酐清除率)/2;肾尿素清除率(ml/min)=(尿尿素血清尿素)24 h 尿量 1 440肾肌酐清除率(ml/min)=(尿肌酐血清肌酐)24 h 尿量 1 440尿尿素和血尿素的单位为mmol/L,尿肌酐和血肌酐的单位为mol/L,尿量单位 为ml。Kt/V 计算每周总Kt/V(每日腹膜透析Kt/V+每日残肾Kt/V)每周透析天数男性成年:V=2.447-0.095 16 年龄(yr)+0.1704身高(cm)+0.336 2体重(kg)女性成年:V=-2.097+0.106 9 身高(cm)+0.246 6 体重(kg)Ccr 的计算总Ccr=残肾Ccr+腹膜Cc
9、r何何谓谓“充分的充分的”治治疗疗避免过量水负荷血压控制良好保护残存肾功能营养良好控制血磷酸碱平衡纠正贫血清除足够的尿毒症毒素没有尿毒症相关症状However,Hong Kong Data suggest45Lo WK,et al,PDI 1996;16:S163-166With a usual prescription of 3 x 2 liters,patients survival was excellent;Even accounting for body size i.e.use Kt/V,at lower dose of dialysis,results were superior
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