圣经人物分析2.ppt

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1、2.Important Concepts-Original Sinn n What is original sin?An explanation for the evils of the world An explanation for the evils of the world A condition you are in,not something you do A condition you are in,not something you do The sin of Adam The sin of Adamn nWhat are the Effects of original sin

2、?Separation from God Separation from God Dissatisfaction and guilt in mens lives Dissatisfaction and guilt in mens livesn n How to cure original sin?2.Important Concepts-Life after death n n Christians believe that there is a life after earthly death.Heaven/Helln n While the actual nature of this li

3、fe is not known,Christians believe that many spiritual experiences in this life help to give them some idea of what eternal life will be like.2.Important Concepts-Justification by Faithn n Justificationn nChristians believe in justification by faith-that through their belief in Jesus as the Son of G

4、od,and in his death and resurrection,they can have a right relationship with God whose forgiveness was made once and for all through the death of Jesus Christ.“from faith to faith”2.Important Concepts-Prayern nPrayer is the means by which Christians communicate with Prayer is the means by which Chri

5、stians communicate with their God.their God.n nThe New Testament records that Jesus taught his disciples how The New Testament records that Jesus taught his disciples how to pray and that he encouraged them to address God as Father.to pray and that he encouraged them to address God as Father.Christi

6、ans believe that they continue this tradition.Christians believe that they continue this tradition.n nSometimes the prayers are formal and part of a ritual laid Sometimes the prayers are formal and part of a ritual laid down for hundreds of years.down for hundreds of years.Others are personal and sp

7、ontaneous,and come from personal Others are personal and spontaneous,and come from personal or group need.or group need.Jesus teaches his disciples to pray:Our Father in heaven,hallowed be your name,your kingdom come,your Our Father in heaven,hallowed be your name,your kingdom come,your will be done

8、 on earth as it is in heaven.Give us today our daily bread.will be done on earth as it is in heaven.Give us today our daily bread.Forgive us our debts,as we also have forgiven our debtors.And lead us not Forgive us our debts,as we also have forgiven our debtors.And lead us not into temptation,but de

9、liver us from the evil one.into temptation,but deliver us from the evil one.When you pray,do not be like the hypocrites,for they love to pray When you pray,do not be like the hypocrites,for they love to pray standing in the synagogues and on the street corners to be seen by men.I standing in the syn

10、agogues and on the street corners to be seen by men.I tell you the truth,they have received their reward in full.But when you tell you the truth,they have received their reward in full.But when you pray,go into your room,close the door and pray to your Father,who is pray,go into your room,close the

11、door and pray to your Father,who is unseen.Then your Father,who sees what is done in secret,will reward you.unseen.Then your Father,who sees what is done in secret,will reward you.And when you pray,do not keep on babbling like pagans,for they think And when you pray,do not keep on babbling like paga

12、ns,for they think they will be heard because of their many words.Do not be like them,for they will be heard because of their many words.Do not be like them,for your Father knows what you need before you ask him.your Father knows what you need before you ask him.-Gospel of Mathew,6:5-13 -Gospel of Ma

13、thew,6:5-13 2.Important Concepts-The Churchn nThe Christian church is fundamental to believers.The Christian church is fundamental to believers.Although it has many faults it is recognized as Gods Although it has many faults it is recognized as Gods body on earth.body on earth.n nThe church is the p

14、lace where the Christian faith is The church is the place where the Christian faith is nurtured and where the Holy Spirit is manifest on nurtured and where the Holy Spirit is manifest on earth.earth.n nIt is where Christians are received into the faith and It is where Christians are received into th

15、e faith and where they are brought together into one body where they are brought together into one body through the Eucharist.through the Eucharist.2.Important Concepts-The Church The body is a unit,though it is made up of many parts;The body is a unit,though it is made up of many parts;and though a

16、ll its parts are many,they form one body.So it is and though all its parts are many,they form one body.So it is with Christ.For we were all with Christ.For we were all baptisedbaptised by one spirit into one by one spirit into one body-whether Jews or Greeks,slave or free-and we were body-whether Je

17、ws or Greeks,slave or free-and we were all given the one spirit to drink.Now you are the body of all given the one spirit to drink.Now you are the body of Christ,and each of you is a part of it.Christ,and each of you is a part of it.I Corinthians 12:12-13;27 I Corinthians 12:12-13;272.Important Conc

18、epts-Baptism&Eucharistn nBaptism Baptism The Christian church believes in one baptism into the The Christian church believes in one baptism into the Christian church,whether this be as an infant or as an adult,as Christian church,whether this be as an infant or as an adult,as an outward sign of an i

19、nward commitment to the teachings of an outward sign of an inward commitment to the teachings of Jesus.Jesus.n nEucharistEucharist Eucharist is a Greek word for thanksgiving.Its celebration Eucharist is a Greek word for thanksgiving.Its celebration is to commemorate the final meal that Jesus took wi

20、th his is to commemorate the final meal that Jesus took with his disciples before his death(the Last Supper).disciples before his death(the Last Supper).This rite comes from the actions of Jesus who,at that meal,This rite comes from the actions of Jesus who,at that meal,took bread and wine and asked

21、 his disciples to consume them took bread and wine and asked his disciples to consume them and continue to do so in memory of him.and continue to do so in memory of him.2.Important Concepts-The Holy Biblen nHow do we evaluate the Bible?How do we evaluate the Bible?a fantastic historical treasure?a f

22、antastic historical treasure?a fantastic story woven over time?a fantastic story woven over time?a book to live by?a book to live by?the worlds best-selling book the worlds best-selling book vsvs the worlds most misunderstood book the worlds most misunderstood bookn nThe word Bible comes from the Gr

23、eek word The word Bible comes from the Greek word bibliabiblia which which means little books.The Bible is actually a library of 66 means little books.The Bible is actually a library of 66 books written by a least 40 different authors over a period of at books written by a least 40 different authors

24、 over a period of at least 1500 years.The oldest book was written about 1500 B.C.least 1500 years.The oldest book was written about 1500 B.C.or earlier.The last was written about A.D.100.or earlier.The last was written about A.D.100.The Bible was originally written in the Hebrew and Greek The Bible

25、was originally written in the Hebrew and Greek languages.languages.The Uniqueness of the Biblen nCompositionCompositionn nThematic unityThematic unityn nRelevanceRelevancen nCirculationCirculationn nSurvivalSurvivaln nLiterary characterLiterary charactern nMoral characterMoral charactern nAccuracyAc

26、curacy2.Main contents of the Holy Biblen nThe Bible is divided into two main sections:the Old Testament and the The Bible is divided into two main sections:the Old Testament and the New Testament.The Old Testament has 39 books.The New Testament has New Testament.The Old Testament has 39 books.The Ne

27、w Testament has 27 books.27 books.n nA testament is another word for covenant,an agreement established by A testament is another word for covenant,an agreement established by God setting out the relationship between God and human beings.In the Old God setting out the relationship between God and hum

28、an beings.In the Old Testament,the relationship was based on law.God chose a people for Testament,the relationship was based on law.God chose a people for Himself and gave them His law.The people he chose was the nation of Himself and gave them His law.The people he chose was the nation of Israel,na

29、med for one of their ancestors.The history books in the Old Israel,named for one of their ancestors.The history books in the Old Testament show that the relationship based on law failed because people Testament show that the relationship based on law failed because people always sin and disobey Gods

30、 law.always sin and disobey Gods law.n nIn the New Testament,the relationship between God and human beings is In the New Testament,the relationship between God and human beings is based on grace(Gods free acceptance of us)and peace.Grace and peace based on grace(Gods free acceptance of us)and peace.

31、Grace and peace come through Jesus Christ,the Son of God,God himself come to live come through Jesus Christ,the Son of God,God himself come to live among men.Jesus died in our place to pay the penalty required for among men.Jesus died in our place to pay the penalty required for breaking Gods law.Af

32、ter three days,he rose up from the dead to give us breaking Gods law.After three days,he rose up from the dead to give us eternal life.eternal life.Old Testament Booksn nLaw-fiven nHistorical-Twelven nPoetical-Fiven nProphetical-Seventeen New Testament Books:n nGospels-fourn nHistory-onen nEpistles-

33、twenty-one Pauline,thirteen;General,eightn nProphecy-onen n“Behind and Beneath the Bible,above and beyond the Bible,is the God Behind and Beneath the Bible,above and beyond the Bible,is the God of the Bible.”of the Bible.”n n The Bible tries to answer lifes ultimate questions:The Bible tries to answ

34、er lifes ultimate questions:Where did I come from?Where did I come from?Why am I here?Why am I here?Where am I going?Where am I going?What is the purpose of my existence?What is the purpose of my existence?“I thoroughly believe in a university education for both men and “I thoroughly believe in a un

35、iversity education for both men and women;but I believe a knowledge of the Bible without a college course is women;but I believe a knowledge of the Bible without a college course is more valuable than a college course without the Bible.”more valuable than a college course without the Bible.”-William

36、 Lyon Phelps,called the most beloved professor in -William Lyon Phelps,called the most beloved professor in America,former president of Yale UniversityAmerica,former president of Yale University Differences between the Old and New Testament Old Testament Old Testament New Testament New Testament Cov

37、enant of law Covenant of law(justification by (justification by behaviourbehaviour)Covenant of grace(justification Covenant of grace(justification by grace)by grace)Covenant with the IsraelitesCovenant with the IsraelitesCovenant with the humankindCovenant with the humankindCovenant of fire(father)C

38、ovenant of fire(father)Covenant of water(mother)Covenant of water(mother)FailedFailedEver-lastingEver-lastingUnity between the Old Testament and New Testamentn nThe Old Testament begins with God.The Old Testament begins with God.The New Testament begins with Christ.The New Testament begins with Chri

39、st.From Adam to Abraham we have the history of the human race.From Adam to Abraham we have the history of the human race.From Abraham to Christ we have the history of the chosen people.From Abraham to Christ we have the history of the chosen people.From Christ on we have the history of the church.Fr

40、om Christ on we have the history of the church.n nThe Old Testament is the foundation;the New Testament is the supra-The Old Testament is the foundation;the New Testament is the supra-structure.The Old and New are essential to each other.structure.The Old and New are essential to each other.n nThe N

41、ew is in the Old contained,The New is in the Old contained,The Old is in the New explained,The Old is in the New explained,The New is in the Old latent,The New is in the Old latent,The Old is in the New patent.The Old is in the New patent.-Augustine -Augustine English Versions of the Bible:n nDynami

42、c Equivalent-New International Version Dynamic Equivalent-New International Version(NIV)(NIV)n nLiteral-New King James Version(NKJV)Literal-New King James Version(NKJV)n nStrictly Literal-New American Standard Bible Strictly Literal-New American Standard Bible(NASB)(NASB)n nLiteral with Freedom to b

43、e idiomatic-New Revised Literal with Freedom to be idiomatic-New Revised Standard Version(NRSV)Standard Version(NRSV)n nDynamic Equivalent with Modern Speech-Todays Dynamic Equivalent with Modern Speech-Todays English Version(TEV)English Version(TEV)n nParaphrasticParaphrastic-New Living Translation

44、(NLT)-New Living Translation(NLT)3.History of Christianityn nEarly Church-AD.700 Paul and the early church Paul and the early church PersecutionPersecution Constantine turns the tide(A.D.312)Constantine turns the tide(A.D.312)The Church in union with the Roman Empire The Church in union with the Rom

45、an Empire Beginning of monasticism Beginning of monasticism History of Christianityn nThe Middle Age:A.D.700-1500The Middle Age:A.D.700-1500 Fall of RomanFall of Roman The Great Schism-1054The Great Schism-1054n nThe Reformation:A.D.1500-1750The Reformation:A.D.1500-1750 Martin Luther:1517Martin Lut

46、her:1517 The Authority of the Scriptures The Authority of the Scriptures Justification by Faith Justification by Faith The Priesthood of the Laity The Priesthood of the Laity History of Christianityn nModern Christianity(1750-now)Modern Christianity(1750-now)Degeneration in EuropeDegeneration in Eur

47、ope Great Awakening in AmericaGreat Awakening in America Christianity in other countriesChristianity in other countriesSubdivisions of Christianityn nProtestantismn nRoman Catholicismn nEastern Orthodox4.Introduction to Christianity-Subdivisions 新教新教 天主教天主教 东正教东正教 上帝论上帝论 三位一体三位一体圣灵发自圣父和圣子圣灵发自圣父和圣子三位

48、一体三位一体圣灵发自圣父和圣子圣灵发自圣父和圣子三位一体三位一体圣灵发自圣父圣灵发自圣父圣经论圣经论 唯独圣经唯独圣经圣经传统圣经传统教皇无误论教皇无误论圣经传统圣经传统基督论基督论 唯独基督唯独基督圣徒和神甫是基督和圣徒和神甫是基督和人之间的中保，圣母人之间的中保，圣母马利亚是合作救主马利亚是合作救主神甫是基督和人之间神甫是基督和人之间的中保的中保救赎论救赎论 唯独本于恩典唯独本于恩典唯独借着信心唯独借着信心唯独彰显荣耀唯独彰显荣耀凭借圣礼得救成圣；凭借圣礼得救成圣；根据行为多次得救；根据行为多次得救；少数信徒死后封圣；少数信徒死后封圣；炼狱说、无玷圣母说炼狱说、无玷圣母说凭借圣像前的忏悔成

49、凭借圣像前的忏悔成圣，根据行为多次得圣，根据行为多次得救救教会论教会论 众教会互为肢体，基督为众教会互为肢体，基督为元首元首梵帝冈为众教会之母；梵帝冈为众教会之母；教皇是基督在人间的教皇是基督在人间的代表代表众教会互为肢体，众教会互为肢体，拜占廷主教为牧人之拜占廷主教为牧人之首（土耳其立国前）首（土耳其立国前）Pope Benedict XVI,formerly CardinalPope Benedict XVI,formerly Cardinal Paul II,former pope Paul II,former popeCathedral of St Basil,Moscow The V

50、atican,Rome Cathedral of St Basil,Moscow The Vatican,Rome We will study the following characters:n nOld Testament:Old Testament:Early Ancestors:Early Ancestors:Adam and Eve,Abel and Cain Adam and Eve,Abel and Cain Noahs Ark Noahs Ark Abraham Abraham Jacob Jacob Joseph Joseph Moses Moses Joshua Joshu