移动通信与仿真3WCDMA.ppt

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1、吴伟民电子与信息工程系1CONTENTS+History+Services(QoS)+Sub-system Network+Different modes(FDD vs TDD)+CDMA Code+OVSF Code+Modulations+MAC Layer+RLC Layer+RRC Layer+PDCP Layer+BMC Layer+Network Access(RACH)+Handovers+Frame+Power Control Management+Gold Codes+Physical Channels+Transport Channels+Logical Channels+

2、UTRAN Protocols+Security in 3G+Multiplexing Channels2HISTORYUniversal Mobile Telecommunication SystemReleased by ITU in 1999IMT-2000 Modulation-BandFrequenciesMain UMTS:Europe+JapanCreation of 3GPP(ETSI,NttDoCoMo)Re-usingGSM/GPRS Core-network3HISTORYUniversal Mobile Telecommunication SystemUTI3GPP3G

3、PP2Created inTechnologyOrganizationCore-NetworkAccess Technology1999UMTSETSITTA TTC ARIBT1 GSM-GPRSDS-W-CDMA(FDD)TD/CDMA(TDD)1999CDMA2000TIA TTA TTC ARIB CWTS ANSI-41DS-MC W-CDMA(IS-95)4UMTS ServicesUMTS,Universal Mobile Telecommunication SystemGSM Stage 3,target in 2002.Services:Multimedia Service

4、in mobilityInternet Access,and other services based on TCP/IP orUDP/IPHigh speech Quality levelInteroperability Servicesin different UMTS environments5UMTS ServicesQoSTraffic ClassesConversationalClassReal TimeConversationalStreamingClassReal TimeStreamingInteractiveClassInteractivemode:asBackground

5、ClassIf its possiblebetter than Main FeaturesExample-Keeppermanentconnectionbetween end-usersSpeechKeep in livebroadcastedinformationforward usersVideostreamingCommand/ResponseKeepinginformationWebBrowsingEnd-user doesnot waitinformation atspecific durationBackgroundapplication(mail/MSN)6Sub-system

6、NetworksUMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication SystemNetwork:NSS Part:keep GSM and GPRS core-networkBSS Part:new infrastructureHigh Speed and quality for Speech with2 Mbits/s in mobiltyFrequency Bands around 2 GHzDynamic Frequency Management in W-CDMA744Sub-system NetworksUMTSBSGsSGSNGnNodeBUTRANUM

7、TSBSUMTSRNCIubIuGbGGSNGiGERANGSMHLRNodeBBTSGSMBTSGSMBSCAbisAMSCVLRPSTNRadio Sub-SystemNetwork Sub-System8UMTS ModesModeMultiple AccesFDDDS-CDMATDDTDMA/CDMABandwidthChip RateFrame DurationModulationFrame Structure4.4 to 5 MHz with step of 200kHz3.84 Mchips/sec10 msQPSK15 slots per frameSpreadingFacto

8、r4 to 2561 to 16Channel CodingConvolution(1/2-1/3)Turbo Codes per BER 10-39CDMA CodeCDMA:Code Division Multiple Access*In CDMA System every users use SAMEFREQUENCY SIMULTANEMOUS*Each User use own CDMA CodeCodeFrequencyUser 3User 2User 1C3C2C1Time10CDMA CodebitschipsEncodeDecode11CDMA CodeCorrelatorI

9、ntegrationSymbol1Correct CodeIncorrect CodeCDMA ReceiverPN(t):Pseudo random Noise CodeIncorrect CodeIncorrect CodeSpreading Code or called Spreading Factor(SF)Chip Rate=Symbol Rate*SF12CDMA CodeDifferent Types of Pseudo randomNoise Codes possible:Orthogonal codes(Walsh)ML Codes R.Gold Codes Kazumi C

10、odes13Orthogonal CodesM-12 users(#i,#j)using respectively C#i&C#j(orthogonal codes).Each user sends data bit signalCt#i Ct#j=0t=0*b#ik for user#i*b#jk for user#j:S can be written as:S=sk0,sk1,skM-1sk0sk1skM-1=b#ik c#i0+b#jk c#j0b#ik c#i1+b#jkc#j1b#ik c#iM-1+b#jk c#jM-114x0Orthogonal CodesS signal is

11、 applied convolutional code C#i for user#i:M-1M-1S*C#i =stk Ct#i =(b#ik C#it+b#jk C#jt)x C#itt=0 t=0M-1M-1=b#ikC#it C#it +b#jk C#jt C#itt=0=b#ik x M+b#jk xt=0(S*C#i)/M=b#ikOriginal Data Bit15Orthogonal CodesH1=(+1)+Hn +HnProprity of Walsh-Hadamard matricesHnT=HnH2n=Exemple+Hn -HnHnHn=nIn+1+1+1+1+1+1

12、+1+1H2=+1 +1+1+1-1+1+1-1-1-1+1+1-1+1+1-1-1-1+1 -1H8=+1+1+1+1+1-1+1-1+1-1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1-1-1+1+1-1-1-1-1-1-1+1-1+1-1-1-1+1+1+1-1+1+1-116OVSF Tree(Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor)Method of the HadamardC4,0=(1,1,1,1)C8,0=(1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1)C1,0=(1)C2,0=(1,1)C4,1=(1,1,-1,-1)C4,2=(1,-1,1,-1)C8,1=(1,1,1

13、,1,-1,-1,-1,-1)C8,2=(1,1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1)C8,3=(1,1,-1,-1,-1,-1,1,1)C8,4=(1,-1,1,-1,1,-1,1,-1)Forbidden CodesC2,1=(1,-1)Selected CodeC4,3=(1,-1,-1,1)C8,5=(1,-1,1,-1,-1,1,-1,1)C8,6=(1,-1,-1,1,1,-1,-1,1)C8,7=(1,-1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1)SF=1SF=2SF=4SF=8Properties of codes OVSF(Orthogonal Variable Spreading Fac

14、tor)Orthogonal sequence,inter-correlation between 2 sequence is ZEROSequences are different sizes following data rate transmission1718Orthogonal CodesRatebits=SF x RatechipChip Rate is set to 3.84 Mchips/s in W-CDMA.Select SFSelect Data RateDownlink Channel(DL)SF 4 to 512Uplink Channel(UL)SF 4 to 25

15、6SF=1SF=2SF=4DataRate2Mb/sSF=8DataRate384kb/sSF=16DataRate128kb/sSF=32DataRate64kb/sSF=64DataRate32kb/sSF=128DataRate8kb/sSF=256CommomChannelsCPICHSF=512SMSSignalling1.7kb/sP-CCPCHCch,SF,kSFkSpreading FactorCode Number(4.512 in DL,4.256 in UL)(0.SF-1)ML CodeML(Maximum Length)sequence or m-sequence P

16、seudo random binary sequence Synchronisation performance is good Sequence of length(2M-1)Very low autocorrelation values Few sensitive at multipathsML code sequence can simply be generated by a shift register with feedbackLFSR(Linear Feedback Sifht Registers):h(x)=xr+h(r-1)x(r-1)+.h1 x+119Robert Gol

17、d CodeGold Codes are constructed by eXOR-ing two m-sequences of same length 2m-1Gold sequences have better cross-correlation properties than MLS20CDMA CodeUMTS:2 types of codes are used1-Orthogonal CodesSprectrum is spreadFollowing Data Rate2-Gold CodesUsed as Scrambling codeProtection against noise

18、 signal and mulitpathsDataCode OVSFScrambling Codebit ratechip ratechip rate21IGSCDMA Code:DownLinkUnique Primary SCRAMBLINGInputxSP1 OVFS CODE/InputQCODE for the cellI+jQSxjS1G1S2G2ReTPulse-cos(t)P-SCHGPSplitreal&imag.epartiesImTshapingPulse-shapingS-SCH-sin(t)Set on Carrier22CDMA Code:UpLink1_Icd,

19、1dcd,3dIUnique2_I3_Icd,5dSCRAMBLINGCODEfor the UEReTPulse-cos(t)1_Qcd,2dI+jQSSplitreal&image.partiesImTshapingPulse-shapingcd,4d2_Qcd,6dQ-sin(t)3_Qj2324CDMA Code:OverviewCDMA Codes Principal AllocationsC8,2 C8,3C8,1C8,2C4,1C8,2 C8,1Cs2 Cs2C8,1Cs1C8,1Cs3C8,1Cs4F1Cs1F1Cs2F1Cs3F2F2F2Downlink PathUplink

20、 PathUTRAN:512 codes of Primary Scrambling Codes:Cs DL24CDMA Code:OverviewSynchronisationCodesP-SCH&S-SCHChannelisationCodesScramblingCodes,ULScramblingCodes,DLTypeLengthDurationNumber ofcodesSpreadingGold Codes256 chips66.67 s1 primary code16 secondary codesNoOVSF codes4-512 chips(SF)1.04 s-133.34

21、s=spreading factor4.256 UL,4.512 DLYes,increasesbandwidthGold Codes38400 chips(long)256 chips (short)10 ms/66.67 s224NoGold Codes38400 chips10 ms512(1 primary+15 secondary)NoUL:to separateUsageTo enable terminalsto locate andsynchronise to thecells main controlchannelsphysical data andcontrol data f

22、romsame terminalDL:to separateconnection to differentUEidentificationCellidentificationterminals in a samecell25Receive Path DelayCDMA Theory Code#0(bit bn)Code#1(bit bm)Code#0(bit bn+1)Code#1(bit bm+1)Code#0(bit bn+2)Code#1(bit bm+2)Code#0(bit bn+3)Code#1(bit bm+3)DelayCode#0(bit bn)Code#0(bit bn+1

23、)Code#0(bit bn+2)Code#0(bit bn+3)Code#1(bit bm)Code#1(bit bm+1)Code#1(bit bm+2)Code#1(bit bm+3)-ai and ti:weighting coefficient and delays related to multipaths.-e(t):data signal-n(t):white noise estimation26PathChannel TransmissionFilter Modelisation for Channel Impulse Response:h(t)modifying origi

24、nal signal e(t)and adding white noiser(t)=h(t)*e(t)+n(t)Channel Impulse ResponseNDouble MirroringDiffractionReceiverh(t)=ai (t i)i=1Estimated Delay for Path#iDirectWeight coefficient for path#iNumber of pathsAverage Power|ai|2Simply MirroringSender2755Channel TransmissionChannel Transmission is cara

25、cterized by:number of paths delay spread weight coefficient by delay Statistic Rule used by weight coefficientLocationNumber of PathsDelay(s)StatisticNoteRuleCityMontainWeak:5Up to 20RayleighRayleighNo Direct PathCountryside1 to 2Very weak:64 x 8 DRX Cycle=2k*10 ms48Physical Channel:DownlinkRRCRadio

26、 Resource Control Common dedicated PHYSICAL LAYERSynchronisationP-CCPCHCommon Control(RRC)S-CCPCHCommon ControlDPCHDedicated channelsCPICHScrambling codeP-SCH S-SCHSync Slot Sync Trame49GSPhysical Channel+Mulitplexing Modulation:Control&Data Channels Downlink+All DownlinkPhysical ChannelsDPCHPDSCHS-

27、CCPCHP-CCPCHSPICch,SF,m=SF/canalQI+jQSdl,n=PSC of CellSCPICHjDifferent PhysicalDownlink Channel(point S)G1cos(t)G2ReTPulse-P-SCHGPSplitreal&image.partsImTshapingPulse-shapingS-SCHSet on Carrier-sin(t)50Physical Channel:UplinkRRCRadio Resource Control Common PRACH dedicated PHYSICAL LAYERDPCHDedicate

28、d channelsCommun OVSF Code used by all UEs51IjPhysical Channel+Mulitplexing Modulation:Data Uplink+DPDCH1cd,1cd,3ddMultiplexingDPDCH3DPDCH5cd,5dI+jQSdpch,n1 DPCCH1 to 6 DPDCHDPDCH2cd,2cd,4ddSDPDCH4Cc SF of 256=Cch,256,x.Cd SF from 4 to 256c and d:gains from 0 to 1DPDCH6cd,6ccdcQSdpch,n=SC for 1DPDCH

29、DPCCHGroup52IPhysical Channel+Mulitplexing Modulation:Data Uplink+cddPRACH messagedata partPRACH messagecontrol partQI+jQSr-msg,nScccjCc=SF of 256=Cch,256,yCd=SF from 32 to 256Sr-msg,n=1 SC by8192 scrambling codesSet in carrierReTPulse-cos(t)sSplitreal&shapingimagepartiesImTPulse-shaping-sin(t)53Tra

30、nsport ChannelLayer 2MAC(Medium Access Control)Transport channelsLayer 1PHYPhysical channels54Transport ChannelSERVICES DO NOT HAVE SPECIFC ENCODING SCHEME55Transport ChannelPurpose:Control exchanged data communication betweenUE and NodeBData Block is called Transport Block(TB):protected by error co

31、de sequence CRC Cyclic redundancy Check(Checksum-8,12 ou 24)protected by convolutional codebasic type(rate 1,1/2 or 1/3)turbo coding(Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code,rate 1/3)TTI Transmission Timer Interval:split parameterfor dividing one Data Block(2ms or 10 ms)Physical layer sets a size of

32、 bits following desired throughputon a signle frame,2 processes can be done:-puncturing:eliminates some bits-repetition:adds some bitsRate Matching56Transport Channelsemi-static partDynamic PartTransportFormatSetTTI time transmission interval-Convolutional Code/Turbo coding-basic-noneCRC SizeConvolu

33、tional rate(1/3,1/2)Transport block SizeTransport Block Set SizeTransport Block SizeTransport BlockTransport BlockTransport BlockTransport BlockTransport BlockTransport Block Set SizetTransmission Time Interval57TFITransport ChannelData16TPC4TFCI Data22 22Pilote4DPCHWhen a Radio Bearer is establishe

34、d by network,semi-static parameters and transport blockFormat set are defined.But Size and Number of each Transport Block can be performed at each TTIPhysical Layer combines TFI(Transport Format Indicator)from different transport channels(Transport Block)to the Transport Format Combination Indicator

35、.Transport Block TFI Transport BlockTFCICoding and Multiplexing58ExampleDCH 1Transport ChannelDCH 2TFIDCHI1Transport BlockSizeTFIDCHI2Transport BlockSizeDCH 31234567881657561585549421234567810399848776635453TFIDCHI3123Transport BlockSize60400Semi-static Parameters for DCH 1Semi-static Parameters for

36、 DCH 2Semi-static Parameters for DCH 3CRCConv.CodingTTI8Conv.1/320 msCRCConv.CodingTTI0Conv.1/220 msCRCConv.CodingTTI0Taux 120 ms59Example8x8x3 combinationsTransport Channelonly 8 are selected by networkTFCI Value12345678TFIDCHI112345678TFIDCHI212345678TFIDCHI31233333360Transport ChannelDCHDedicated

37、 Channel(DL/UL)Reserved for only one UE using Physical Channel PDCHDCHs can be multiplixed within one PDCH61Transport ChannelShared by several users onto networkBCHPCHRACHFACHDSCHBroadcast Channel(DL)Paging Channel(DL)Random AccesChannel(UL)Forward AccessChannel(DL)Downlink SharedChannel(DL)Unidirec

38、tional Transport Channel(network to mobile)using P-CCPCHUnidirectional Transport Channel(network to mobile)using S-CCPCHUnidirectional Transport Channel(network to mobile)using PRACHUnidirectional Transport Channel(network to mobile)using S-CCPCHUnidirectional Transport Channel,equivalentto FACH(net

39、work to mobile)using PDSCH62Transport ChannelCCTrCH(Coded Composite Transport Channel)Physical Channel 1Physical Channel 2CCTrCHTransport Channel 1Transport Channel 2Transport Channel 3CCTrCH is resulted of multiplexing of severaltransport channels63Logical ChannelRLCRLCRLCRLCRLCRLCLayer 2MAC(Medium

40、 Access Control)Transport channelsLayer 1PHYPhysical channels64Logical ChannelLogical Channel 1Transmission ChannelControl PlaneLogical Channel 2User Plane65Logical ChannelBCCHPCCHCCCHDCCHDTCHCTCHBroadcast Control Channel(DL)Paging Control Channel(DL)Common Control Channel(DL/UL)Dedicated Control Ch

41、annel(DL/UL)Dedicated Traffic Channel(DL/UL)Common Traffic Channel(DL)Broadcast signalling message.System Informations decoded by UE inIdle modePaging message sends to UEsUsed to exchange signalling messageswhen UEs are not set in connected mode(starting communication)Used to exchange signalling mes

42、sageswhen UEs are set in connected mode(from RRC,MM,CC,GMM and SM layers)Used to exchange data when UEs are setin connected mode(TCH in GSM)Unidirectional Channel used tobroadcasted data to several UEs(servicearea broadcast)660000Example in DLParameterTransport Channel NumberTransport Block SizeTran

43、sport Block Set SizeTransmission Time IntervalType of Error ProtectionCoding RateRate Matching attributeSize of CRCDTCH124424420 msConvolution Coding1/325616DCCH210010040 msConvolution Coding1/325612DTCHAMR:12.2 kbpsSignalling:2.5 kbpsDCCHInformation dataCRC detectionTail bit discardViterbi decoding

44、 R=1/3Rate matching1st interleaving244244260804686686CRC16Tail8Information dataCRC detectionTail bit discardViterbi decoding R=1/3Rate matching1st interleaving100100112360308308CRC12Tail8Radio Frame#1 343#2 343#1 343#2 343#1 77#2 77#3 77#4 77Segmentation343773437734377343772nd interleavingslot segme

45、ntation4204204204200114 0114 0114 0114282828 282828 282828 28282830ksps DPCH(including TFCI bits)1 Radio frame FN=4N141 14Radio frame FN=4N+11 Radio frame FN=4N+2141 Radio frame FN=4N+31467Channels:OverviewTrafficControlDTCHDPCHCTCHBCCHsysInfoP-CCPCHPCCHPaging!S-CCPCHCCCHCommonControlDCCHDedicatedCo

46、ntrolPRACH68Channels:OverviewTrafficControlDTCHDPCHCTCHBCCHsysInfoP-CCPCHPCCHPaging!S-CCPCHCCCHCommonControlDCCHDedicatedControlPRACH69Channels:OverviewTrafficControlDTCHDPCHCTCHBCCHsysInfoP-CCPCHPCCHPaging!S-CCPCHCCCHCommonControlDCCHDedicatedControlPRACH70Multiplexing ChannelControl PlaneUser Plan

47、eBCCHPCCHDCCHCCCHCTCHDTCHLogicalChannelsMAC LayerBCHPCHRACHFACHDSCHDCHTransportChannelsPHY LayerP-CCPCHS-CCPCHPRACHPDSCHDPDCHPhysicalChannels71Multiplexing ChannelDTCH is relevant to DCH transport channel:circuit mode behavior1 specific code reserved during all connectionDTCH is relevant to FACH-RAC

48、H transport channel:packet mode behaviorcommon resource used only when neededFACH is a common channel used by all UEs:-C-RNTI(Cell Radio NeTwork Identifier)in 16 bits-U-RNTI(UTRAN Radio NeTwor Identifier)in 32 bits,whenCommunication starts,C-RNTI ambiguous(ex:HO)7273System Information MessageMaster

49、Information BlockSystem BlockSystem Information Block xBCCHBCHSystem Information BlockP-CCPCHSystem Info.Message246 bitsBCH Transport BlockSystem Info.MessageBCH Transport Block16 bits 8 bits246 bitsCRCTailChannel Coding Code Rate 540 bitsSegmentation270 bits270 bits18 bits118 bits218 bits1518 bits1

50、18 bits218 bits15Radio Frame SFN=0Radio Frame SFN=1System Information Message SEG_COUNT:number of segments SIB_POS:Position of the first segment SIB_OFF(i):Offset from segment(i)to segment(i+1).SIB_REPEAT:repetition of SIB in BCH frameBlockMIBSIB1SIB2SIB3SIB4SIB5SEG_COUNT121212SIB_REP81616321632SIB_