英语语法-非谓语及动词时态.ppt

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1、非谓语动词非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。1）不定式时态语态 主动被动一般式to do to be done 完成式 to have doneto have been done2）动名词时态语态 主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done3）分词时态语态 主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done 否定形式：not+不定式，not/no+动名词，not+现在分

2、词动词不定式1）作主语：Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.动词不定式2）作表语：Herjobistocleanthehall.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.5）作定语：动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：动宾关

3、系：Ihaveameetingtoattend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.如果不定式修饰time,place,way，可以省略介词：Hehasnoplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.说明所修饰名词的内容：Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.序数词和最高级后用不定式做定语：Heisthefirsttogethere.动词不定式做状语表目的：He

4、workeddayandnighttogetthemoney.Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.表结果：Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.表原因：Theywereverysadtohearthenews.表程度：Itstoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.非谓语动词做题四步分析非谓语动词做题四步分析一、分析句子结构一、分析句子结构1._many times,but

5、 he still couldnt understand it.2._many times,he still couldnt understand it.A.Having been told B.Told C.He was told D.Though he had been toldC_A4.If you _to the left,youll find the post office.5._to the left,and youll find the post office.A.Turning B.To turn C.Turn D.Turned3._to the left,youll find

6、 the post office.A_CC二、分析逻辑主语二、分析逻辑主语非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语须加上自己的逻辑主语1._no buses,we have to walk home 2._Sunday,I shall have a quiet day at home.A.There being B.It were

7、C.There were D.It being_AD_三、分析语态三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是是主动主动还是还是被动被动关系。关系。1._from space,the earth looks blue.2._from space,we can see the earth is blue.A.Seen B.Seeing C.To see D.See_A_B3.The dirty clothes _,the girl hung them up outside.4._ the d

8、irty clothes,the girl hung them up outside.A.was washed B.washed C.were washed D.having washed_B_D四、分析时态四、分析时态1.The building _now will be a restaurant.2.The building _ next year will be a restaurant.3.The building _last year is a restaurant.A.having been built B.to be built C.being built D.built _C_

9、B_D1.He stood there_for his mother.2._for two hours,he went away.A.waiting B.to wait C.waited D.Having waitedAD巩固练习巩固练习:1._wont be of much help.A.Toms going B.Tom goingC.Tom to go D.Tom goesA2.They managed _the meeting room before the guests arrived.A.finishing to clean B.finishing cleaningC.to fini

10、sh cleaning D.to finish to cleanC3.We must find a room big enough _.A.for all of us to live B.for all of us to live inC.to live in all of us D.of all of us to liveB4._a teacher,I should set a good example to students.A.Being B.Having been C.To be D.As I beingA5._a teacher,one must first be their pup

11、il.A.Being B.Having been C.To be D.To have beenA6.It was stupid _ your advice.A.for me not to take B.for me not takingC.of me not to take D.of me not takingCItsnouse/good+doingsth.,不用todosth.辨别：Itsnousetotellhimaboutthat.(wrong)Itsnousetellinghimaboutthat.（right)动词不定式作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语2使役动词使役动词let,ha

12、ve,make及感官动词及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel等要以不带等要以不带to的不定式作宾补。的不定式作宾补。Lets have a rest.我们休息一会吧。我们休息一会吧。I saw him come in.我看见他进来了。我看见他进来了。感官动词后既可跟不带感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。作正在进行。I saw him come downstairs.我看见他下了楼。（说明他我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了

13、这件事）下楼了这件事）I saw him coming downstairs.我看见他在下楼。（说明他我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）下楼时的情景）注注 意意动词不定式作宾语动词不定式作宾语的注意事项的注意事项（2点）1有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：语，但含义不同：remember to do 记住要做某事；记住要做某事；remember doing 记得记得曾经做过某事曾经做过某事 forget to do忘记要做某事忘记要做某事 forget doing 忘记曾经做过忘记曾经做过某事某事 stop to do

14、停下来去做某事停下来去做某事 stop doing 停止做某事停止做某事 go on to do 继续做另一件事继续做另一件事 go on doing 继续做原来在继续做原来在做的事做的事 I remember seeing you somewhere before.我记得以前在哪儿见过你。我记得以前在哪儿见过你。Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.离开时请记得关好灯。离开时请记得关好灯。动名词与不定式语义不同的有11 组1stop to dostop doing2 forget to do forget doing3rem

15、ember to doremember doing4 regret to do(要做)regret doing(已做)5cease to do cease doing6 try to dotry doing7go on to do go on doing8 afraid to do不敢 afraid of doing 生怕9 mean to do mean doing4 regret doing/to doregret to do 对要做的事遗憾。(未做)regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做)I regret to have to do this,but I have no

16、choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。典型例题-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.-Well,now I regret _ that.A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done答案：D。regret having done sth.对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth.对将要做的事感到遗憾。本题为对已说的7.be af

17、raid doing/to dobe afraid to do不敢，胆怯去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为“怕”；be afraid of doing担心出现doing的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为“生怕，恐怕”。She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her

18、husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。9.mean to doing/to do mean to do 打算、想mean doing意味着 I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。英语中有些及物动词后只能跟不定式作宾语：want,hope,wish,expect,plan,demand,dare,need,offer,prepare,afford,manage,know,learn,agre

19、e,decide,determine,只能跟不定式作宾语promise,refuse,fail,attempt,beg,care,choose,claim,consent,decline,long,learn,seek,tend,threaten,undertake,volunteer,apply,fear,swear只能用动名词的动词admit承认；excuse原谅；postpone拖延；anticipate期望；fancy想象practise练习；appreciate欣赏；finish完成；prevent防止；avoid避免；forbid禁止；propose建议；consider考虑；fo

20、rgive宽恕；recollect回忆；understand理解；escape逃避；permit允许只能用动名词的动词delay耽搁；imagine想象；resent厌恶；deny否认；involve涉及；resist抵制；detest厌恶；keep保留；risk冒险；dislike讨厌；mind在意；save挽救；dread害怕；miss错过；suggest建议；enjoy喜欢；pardon原谅；非谓语动词综合练习非谓语动词综合练习1.Sayingalwayshaslessdifficultythan_.A.doneB.doingC.todoD.havingdone2.Althoughswi

21、mmingishisfavoritesport,yethedoesntlike_today.A.toswimB.swimmingC.swimD.tohaveswim3.Shesaidshewassorry_thetrain,soshehadtostayhereforanotherday.A.missingB.havingmissedC.tomissD.tohavemissed4._thesamemistakeagainmadehisparentsveryangry.A.HisbeingmadeB.HehasmadeC.HehadmakingD.Hismaking5.Youdbetternoth

22、avethelights_alldaylong.A.burningB.burnedC.toburnD.beingburnt6.Itis_thinkingaboutitnow.A.ofnouseB.notuseC.nouseD.notofanyuses7.-Wouldyouliketosingasongforus?-_.A.IprefernotB.IprefernottoC.IprefertonotD.Iwouldntprefer8.Duringthenexttenyears,shehadtoworkhard_forthenecklace.A.payingB.topayC.forpayingD.

23、inordertopaying9.Janetwasangryat_.A.mynotwaitingforherB.IdidntwaitforherC.menotwaitforherD.metonotwaitforher10.Pleasegetsomeone_thewashingmachine.Iwanttogetit_assoonaspossible.A.torepair；toberepairedB.repair；repairedC.torepair；repairingD.torepair；repaired11._moretime,hecouldhavedonetheworkmuchbetter

24、.A.TobegivenB.TogiveC.GivenD.Giving12.Jessiewassick_suchnoise.A.ofhearingB.tohearC.ofbeingheardD.heard13._,helefttheroom.A.FinishingtheworkB.HadfinishedtheworkC.AfterfinishedtheworkD.Havingfinishedthework14.Themachinerequires_,sotheworkersarerequired_ready.A.repair；togetB.repairing；togetC.repairing；

25、gettingD.toberepaired；getting15.WouldyoulikeHelen_yousinceyouhavesomedifficulty?A.helpingB.tohelpC.hashelpedD.help16.Heisbeginning_hismistakes.A.correctB.tocorrectC.correctingD.corrected17.Mywishis_thepeoplewellinthefuture.A.toserveforB.toserveC.servingD.servingfor18.Thepoorboy,_withextraordinarystr

26、ength,_fromtheground.A.filled；roseB.filling；roseC.full；raisedD.filled；risen19.Headvised_ameeting_theproblem.A.holding；todiscussB.holding；fordiscussingC.tohold；todiscussD.hold；discussing20._theteacher,andhewilltellyoutheanswer.A.AskingB.AskC.IfaskD.Ifyouask21.Hewasmade_workingbecauseofhispoorhealth.A

27、.stoppingB.tostopC.stoppedD.stop22.Doyouconsideritanygood_again?A.totryB.tryC.tryingD.foryoutotry23.Iregret_youthatweareunabletoofferyouajob.A.informingB.havinginformedC.toinformD.toinforming24.Sheadmitted_thekey.A.beingtakingB.totakeC.havingtakenD.tohavetaken25.Besides_,sheiskindandtender.A.beautif

28、ulB.beingbeautifulC.shebeautifulD.isbeautiful26.Iwonderedwhetherthemoviewas_worth_.A.very；seeingB.well；beingseenC.very；beingseenD.well；seeing27.Thelecturerbeganby_uswheretheislandwas,andwenton_aboutitshistory.A.telling；talkingB.totell；totalkC.telling；totalkD.hetold；talking28.Havingfinishedthework,_.

29、A.itwasalmostsixoclockB.apostmancameanddeliveredtheeveningpaperandsomelettersC.supperhadalreadybeenpreparedD.wehadarestandthenhadsupper29.Ona_morningthelittlematchgirlwasfound_atthecornerofthestreet.A.freezing；freezingB.freezing；frozenC.frozen；frozenD.frozen；freezing30.Theyfounda_oldman_onthegroundw

30、henthedoorwasbrokenopen.A.dying；lyingB.dying；liedC.dead；liedD.dead；lain31.Whocouldhaveimaginedsuchasweet-temperedgirlasJane_suchathing!A.doingB.todoC.willdoD.does32.Didyouhearthesoundlikethatofadoor_?A.burstB.toburstinC.burstinD.tobeburstin33.Iwasdeepinthought,soIdidntnotice_.A.himtocomeinB.himcomei

31、nC.hecomeinD.himcomingin34.Thewalletwasreturnedtohimwithoutanything_.A.missedB.tobemissedC.missingD.tomiss35._hermotherhadcome,herfacelitup.A.HearingB.HavingheardC.WhenheardD.Whensheheard36._inwhite,shelooksmuchmorebeautiful.A.WearingB.DressingC.DressedD.Havingdressed37._,theboycouldntenterhishouse.

32、A.SincethekeyhadlostB.ThekeybeinglostC.LostthekeyD.Havinglostthekey38.TheArcticisconsidered_thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.A.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being39.Iamtooglad_you.A.toseeB.seeingC.sawD.atseeing40.Thereis_whattheweatherwillbelike.A.notknowingB.noknowingC.notknowD.noknown动词时态专项复习一般现在时一般现在

33、时be(is,am,arbe(is,am,are)do/doese)do/does现在进行时现在进行时be(is,am be(is,am are)doingare)doing现在完成时现在完成时have/has donehave/has done现在完成进行时现在完成进行时have/has been have/has been doingdoing一般过去时一般过去时was/werewas/werediddid过去进行时过去进行时was/were was/were doingdoing过去完成时过去完成时had donehad done过去完成进行时过去完成进行时had been doing

34、had been doing 一般将来时一般将来时will/shall will/shall do do 将来进行时将来进行时will/shall will/shall be doing be doing 将来完成时将来完成时will/shall will/shall have donehave done将来完成进行时将来完成进行时will/shall will/shall have been have been doingdoing一般过去将一般过去将来时来时would/shoulwould/should do d do 过去将来进过去将来进行时行时would/shoulwould/shou

35、ld be doingd be doing过去将来完成过去将来完成时时would/should would/should have donehave done过去将来完成进过去将来完成进行时行时would/should would/should have been have been doing doing 所谓动词时态所谓动词时态,是指谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时是指谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间和状态间和状态.注意：学习时态关键关注时间状语注意：学习时态关键关注时间状语 动作发生的时间有过去动作发生的时间有过去,现在和将来现在和将来;动作发生的动作发生的状态有一般性状态有一般性,进行性和完

36、成性进行性和完成性.由此构成英语中由此构成英语中1616种不同时态种不同时态,如上表所示如上表所示:基本时态基本时态5 5种种(红色所示红色所示)掌握时态的用法掌握时态的用法,应从以下应从以下几点入手几点入手:)谓语构成谓语构成 )时间状语时间状语 )一般用法一般用法)特殊用法特殊用法 )相关时态的区别相关时态的区别.一般现在时一般现在时 基本用法：基本用法：一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作一般现在时表示现在经常反复发生的动作,存在的状态或习惯性的动作存在的状态或习惯性的动作.时间状语时间状语:usually,often,sometimes,every morning,:usually,o

37、ften,sometimes,every morning,always,regularly,now and then,occasionally,always,regularly,now and then,occasionally,seldom,on Sundays,at present,nowadays,these seldom,on Sundays,at present,nowadays,these days,at the momentdays,at the moment一般用法一般用法:1.:1.经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作 I go to work on foot every

38、 day.I go to work on foot every day.We always help each other.We always help each other.2.2.现在的特征，状态现在的特征，状态 及能力及能力 He loves sports.He loves sports.The coat fits you The coat fits you well.well.3.3.普遍真理普遍真理,格言警句格言警句 Light travels faster than sound.Light travels faster than sound.Practice makes perfe

39、ct.Practice makes perfect.特殊用法特殊用法 1.1.某些表示动作起止的动词某些表示动作起止的动词,可用一般现在时表示一个按计可用一般现在时表示一个按计划划,规定规定,安排要发生的事安排要发生的事.如如begin,be,come,go,begin,be,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,end,stop,open,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,end,stop,open,take off,close,fall,meet,stay,take place,take off,close,fall,me

40、et,stay,take place,happen happen 等等Eg.Tomorrow is Monday.Eg.Tomorrow is Monday.When does the plane take off?When does the plane take off?2.2.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中条件状语从句或让步状语从句中,用用一般现在时代替一般将来时一般现在时代替一般将来时 If it If it rains rains tomorrow,wetomorrow,well put off the sports ll put off the sport

41、s meeting.meeting.I need one more stamp before my collection I need one more stamp before my collection is is completedcompleted.Even if he Even if he doesndoesnt comet come this Sunday,I this Sunday,Ill go ll go fishing by myself.fishing by myself.3.3.特殊句型特殊句型 Here/There comes our teacher.(Here/The

42、re comes our teacher.(一般现在时表正一般现在时表正在发生的动作在发生的动作)It is+It is+时间段时间段+since+since.It is/has been five years since I moved It is/has been five years since I moved here.here.现在进行时现在进行时:表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作表示现在或现在这一阶段正在进行的动作.时间状语时间状语:now,at the moment,these days,:now,at the moment,these days,nowadays,at pr

43、esent nowadays,at present 一般用法一般用法:1.:1.说话时正发生或正进行的动作说话时正发生或正进行的动作 I Im giving a lecture.m giving a lecture.2.2.现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作现阶段正在进行而此刻不一定正在进行的动作 I Im reading a novel these days.(but I m reading a novel these days.(but I am not reading it now.)am not reading it now.)特殊用法特殊用法:1.1.表示一个最近按计划或安排要

44、进行的动作表示一个最近按计划或安排要进行的动作,限于限于表表 示来去示来去,开始开始,结束结束,离开，离开，到达等瞬间意义到达等瞬间意义的动词的动词特殊用法特殊用法1 1：WeWere leaving on Friday.re leaving on Friday.I Ive won a holiday for two to Florida.I am ve won a holiday for two to Florida.I am taking my mom taking my mom 2.2.在时间状语从句在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来正在进行的

45、动作中表达将来正在进行的动作 DonDont mention this when you t mention this when you are talkingare talking with him.with him.If she If she is sleepingis sleeping,don,dont wake her up.t wake her up.3.3.现在进行时与现在进行时与always,continually,constantly,always,continually,constantly,all the timeall the time等副词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作等副

46、词连用表示反复或习惯性的动作,含有某种感情色彩含有某种感情色彩,如赞扬如赞扬,遗憾遗憾,讨厌讨厌,不满等不满等.He is always coming late.(He is always coming late.(不满不满)YouYoure always thinking of others.(re always thinking of others.(赞扬赞扬)How are you feeling today?(How are you feeling today?(比比How do you feel How do you feel today?today?更为亲切更为亲切)一般将来时一般

47、将来时基本用法基本用法 ：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态：表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态或将来某段时间内经常的动作与状态.时间状语时间状语:tomorrow,next week,from now:tomorrow,next week,from now on,in the future,in+on,in the future,in+时间段时间段一般用法一般用法:1.1.将来的动作或状态将来的动作或状态 I shall go shopping this afternoon./He I shall go shopping this afternoon./He will

48、be back in a week.will be back in a week.2.2.将来经常发生的动作将来经常发生的动作In a few yearsIn a few years time,most people will time,most people will go to work by cargo to work by car特殊用法特殊用法.一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作一般将来时可用来表示一种倾向或习惯性动作.eg.Oil will float on water./Crops will die without eg.Oil will float on water./C

49、rops will die without water.water.Whenever he has time,he will come and see me.Whenever he has time,he will come and see me.其否定式表示其否定式表示“不能不能 没法没法”The machine won The machine wont work.(t work.(机器没法开动机器没法开动)This play won This play wont act.(t act.(戏剧没法上演戏剧没法上演)be going to do,be to do,will/shall do b

50、e going to do,be to do,will/shall do 的区别的区别前两者都可表示按计划前两者都可表示按计划,安排做某事安排做某事.be to do.be to do 还可表命令还可表命令,意愿或征求对方意见意愿或征求对方意见.Will/shall do.Will/shall do则侧重临时的打算则侧重临时的打算.Are we to go on with the work?=Shall we Are we to go on with the work?=Shall we?If you are to be there on time,If you are to be there