英汉互译增译法及省译法.ppt
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1、 By amplification we mean supplying necessary words in our translation work so as to make the version correct and clear,to make it more like the language translated into.Of course words thus supplied must be indispensable either syntactically or semantically.In other words,a translator is not suppos
2、ed to add any meaning to the original.3.3 Amplification(增译法增译法)1There are two kinds:1)Words for syntactic constructionto secure correctness,2)Words supplied for semantic completionto secure clearness.Both aim at making the version expressive and readily understood by the reader.21、增加动词、增加动词1).Readin
3、g makes a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.读书使人充实读书使人充实,讨论讨论使人使人机智机智,笔记(写作)笔记(写作)使人使人准确。准确。2).We dont regret,we never have and never will.我们不会后悔,我们从来没有我们不会后悔,我们从来没有后悔后悔过,我们将来也不会过,我们将来也不会后悔后悔。3).After the basketball,he still has an important conference.看完看完篮球比赛之后,他还有一个重要会议篮球比赛
4、之后,他还有一个重要会议要参加要参加。32.增加形容词或副词增加形容词或副词1).With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!中国人民正以多么中国人民正以多么高的高的热情建设社会主义啊!热情建设社会主义啊!人群人群渐渐渐渐散开了。散开了。2).The crowds melted away.他一坐下来就讲开了,他一坐下来就讲开了,滔滔不绝地滔滔不绝地讲个没完。讲个没完。3).As he sat down and began talking,words poured out.44).She lingered long
5、 over his letter.5).In the films of those days,all too often it was the same one:boy tractor driver meets girl tractor driver;they fall in love and drive tractor together.在那时候的电影里,在那时候的电影里,总是老一套:男拖拉机手和女拖拉总是老一套:男拖拉机手和女拖拉机手始而相遇,机手始而相遇,继而相爱,继而相爱,终而终而并肩开拖拉机了。并肩开拖拉机了。她反反复复地反反复复地回味着他的来信。5玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后,就靠洗玛丽的
6、丈夫癌症去世后,就靠洗衣服衣服维持生活。维持生活。2).Mary washed for a living after her husband died of cancer.3).He ate and drank,for he was exhausted.他吃了他吃了 点点东西东西,喝了点,喝了点酒酒,因为他疲惫不堪了。,因为他疲惫不堪了。3.增加名词增加名词1).First you borrow,then you beg.头一遭借头一遭借钱钱,下一遭就讨,下一遭就讨饭饭。64).That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine.那件黑夹克真是那件黑夹克真是价
7、价廉廉物物美。美。5).He was wrinkled and black,with scant gray hair.他他满脸满脸皱纹,皱纹,皮肤皮肤黝黑,头发灰白稀疏。黝黑,头发灰白稀疏。6).A new kind of carsmall,cheapis attracting increasing attention.一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意这种轿车这种轿车体积体积小,小,价钱价钱便宜。便宜。78).His arrogance made everyone dislike him.他的傲慢他的傲慢态度态度使谁也不喜欢他。使谁也不喜欢他。9).Afte
8、r all preparations were made,the planes were flown across the U.S.to San Francisco.一切准备一切准备工作工作就绪以后,就绪以后,飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。由由例例8、9可可以以看看出出,某某些些动动词词或或形形容容词词派派生生来来的的抽抽象象名名词词,翻翻译译时时可可以以根根据据上上下下文文在在其其后后面面增增添添适适当当的名词,使译文更符合规范。的名词,使译文更符合规范。又如又如:8to persuade 说服说服 persuasion说服工作说服工作to prepare 准备准备 p
9、reparation准备工作准备工作backward 落后落后 backwardness落后状态落后状态tense 紧张紧张 tension紧张局势紧张局势arrogant 自满自满 arrogance自满情绪自满情绪mad 疯狂疯狂 madness 疯狂行为疯狂行为antagonistic敌对敌对 antagonism 敌对态度敌对态度94.增加代词增加代词1).小不忍则乱大谋。小不忍则乱大谋。If one is not patient in small thing,one will never be able to control great ventures.2).交出翻译之前,必须读几
10、遍,看看有没有要修改的交出翻译之前,必须读几遍,看看有没有要修改的地方,这样你才能把工作做好。(钟述孔英汉翻译地方,这样你才能把工作做好。(钟述孔英汉翻译手册)手册)Before handing in your translation,you have to read it over and over again and see if there is anything in it to be corrected or improved.Only thus can you do your work well.(Zhong Shukong,A Handbook of Translation)10
11、He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.3).没有调查就没有发言权。没有调查就没有发言权。当然了,例还可以认为是增补主语当然了,例还可以认为是增补主语“he”。又又如如:“又又要要马马儿儿跑跑得得快快,又又要要马马儿儿不不吃吃草草,简简直直可可笑笑。”You want the horse to run fast and yet you dont let it graze.Isnt it ridiculous!Dont put your hands in your pockets.4).别把手搁在口袋里。别把手搁
12、在口袋里。115).一天天冷起来了。一天天冷起来了。It is getting colder day by day.6)尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。尝试而失败还是比不尝试好。It is better to try and fail than never try at all.7).你三星期完成这项设计不容易。你三星期完成这项设计不容易。It was not easy for you to finish this design in three weeks.8).把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。把钟拆开比把它装起来容易。It is easier to take a clock apart than to
13、 put it together again.125、增加语气词或量词、增加语气词或量词 汉汉语语有有许许多多语语气气助助词词,如如“的的”、“吧吧”、“呢呢”、“啊啊”、“呀呀”、“嘛嘛”、“吗吗”、“啦啦”、“了了”不不同同的的语语气气词词可可以以发发挥挥不不同同的的作作用用,英英汉汉互互译译时时需需用用心心体体验验,以以期期译译出出从从意意义义和和修修辞辞色色彩彩等等都都符符合合的的译译文文。同同时时,英英语语中中的的数数词词(包包括括不不定定冠冠词词a)与与可可数数名名词词直直接接连连用用,它它们们之之间间并并无无量量词词,而而汉汉语语往往往往要要借借助助量量词词。因因此此英英译译汉汉
14、时时,应应根根据据实实际际情情况况恰恰当当地地增增加加表表示示其其形状、特征或材料的名量词。形状、特征或材料的名量词。不要生气不要生气嘛嘛!我不过开开玩笑!我不过开开玩笑罢了罢了。1).Dont get angry.Im just making fun of you.133).They(the eyes)were the same colour as the sea,cheerful and undefeated.2).As for me,I didnt agree from the very beginning.我我呢呢,从一开始就不赞成。,从一开始就不赞成。那双眼睛那双眼睛啊啊,像海水一样
15、的蓝,令人愉快,毫不沮丧,像海水一样的蓝,令人愉快,毫不沮丧4).A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon.一一轮轮红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。红日正从地平线上冉冉升起。145).A stream was winding its way through the valley in into the Dadu river.一一弯弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇合到大渡河去了。溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇合到大渡河去了。6)This too was a complicate lie.这也纯粹是一这也纯粹是一派派胡言。胡言。7).Once,they had a quarrel.
16、有一次,他们争吵了一有一次,他们争吵了一番番。15从例从例从例从例7 7、8 8、9 9可见,英语中有些动词或动作名词,译可见,英语中有些动词或动作名词,译可见,英语中有些动词或动作名词,译可见,英语中有些动词或动作名词,译成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。成汉语时常需增加一些表示行为、动作的动量词。又如:又如:又如:又如:have a rest have a rest 休息一下休息一下休息一下休息一下;make a stop;make a stop停一下停一下停一下停一下.8).Seeing i
17、s believing.8).Seeing is believing.百百百百闻不如闻不如闻不如闻不如一一一一见。见。见。见。9).The essence remains its identity while appearances 9).The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary.may vary.万万万万变不离其宗。变不离其宗。变不离其宗。变不离其宗。161.White clouds float over the blue sky.2.Can you manage without help?3.I dare say
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