英语阅读理解词义猜测题解题技巧.ppt

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1、猜测词义猜测词义If If you come across new you come across new words when reading,words when reading,What will you do What will you do?Ignore(忽略）them and continue readingLook them up in the dictionaryGuess the meaning How to guess the meanings of words 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.The word“”refers to/probabl

2、y means /could best be replaced by _.2.The word“”is most likely to mean _.3.What do you think the expression“”stands for?4.The underlined word“”means _.1.Definition 定义法定义法3.Similarity 相似法相似法2.Contrast 对比法对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法因果法5.Example 例举法例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词

3、词义义7.Context 上下文上下文 It will be very hard but very brittle that is,it will break easily.1.Definition 定义法：定义法：一般通过定义、定语一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。(adj.易碎的易碎的,脆的脆的)The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.(n.牧羊人牧羊人)2.Contrast 对比法：对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系

4、的词（组）猜测词义。系的词（组）猜测词义。表示对比的词有表示对比的词有 but、while、however、otherwise、unlike;instead,on the other hand.Most of us agreed,however,Bill dissented.She is usually prompt for all her classes,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.A.on time B.late C.slowly D.quickly A (v.不同意不同意)3.Similarity 相似法：

5、利用同义相似法：利用同义词、近义词或词组猜测词义。词、近义词或词组猜测词义。Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task.The job is so large,in fact,that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.(adj.巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的)4.Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。测结果，从结果推测原因。One who is destitute

6、 has a great need for food and clothing.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibitions in one day.(adj.贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的)(adj.大的大的)因果关系因果关系With the help of conjunctions like:because,as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，therefore，so that，etc.5.Example 例举法：利用文中的举例例举法：利用文中的举例猜测

7、词义。常见的举例的提示词有猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance,for example,such as等等。Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances,for instance,washing machines,refrigerators and color televisions.(n.电器用具电器用具)6.Word Formation 构词法构词法：英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词

8、最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由其构成的新词的含义了。With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed

9、for a beginning reader to gain confidence.(2003NMET)unconditional:无条件的无条件的,绝对的绝对的 adj.adj.condition conditional 情况，条件情况，条件 n.n.有条件的有条件的 adj.adj.unconditional:nonjudgmental:没有判断力的没有判断力的judge judgment judgmental判断判断 v.判断判断 n.adj.nonjudgmental:中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super-(超超)mini-(极小的极小的,微小的微小的

10、)micro-（极微小的）（极微小的）re-（再，反复）（再，反复）mis-（误，恶）（误，恶）im-（不）（不）un-（不，非）（不，非）in-（不，非）（不，非）non-（不，非）（不，非）-able（能（能的的）-less（不，无）（不，无）-wards(向向)superman microwave(超人超人)nonnatural mispronouce(非自然的非自然的)homeless nonsmoker(无家可归的无家可归的)rebuild eastwards(重建重建)Can you guess the right meanings?(微波微波)(非烟民非烟民)(发错音发错音)(向

11、东向东)Eg.Im going to buy a microbus.micro+bus 微型公共汽车微型公共汽车 1)He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything.Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident.A.see clearly B.understand C.expectB7.7.Context 上下文：利用语

12、境及前后的上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。提示来猜测词义。Tom saw an owl in a tree last nightAa bird Ban animal C.a star2）Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal C.a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got nearAa bird Ban animal C.a starAABCAB(n.n.猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰猫头鹰)3 3）The children are looking

13、at an The children are looking at an apeape.A Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey Ba kind of tree a kind of tree C Ca kind of birda kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The The children children are are looking looking at at a a

14、 large,large,hairyhairy apeape at at the the zoozoo A Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of monkey Ba kind of tree a kind of tree C Ca kind of birda kind of birdA AA AB BC.C.AC(n.猿猿)8.8.Common sense 普通常识：普通常识：根据普通常识和根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。生活经验来猜测词义。在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识自身的直

15、接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。的能力自然就会增强。When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make himunconscious，because he does not want

16、his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.n.麻醉剂麻醉剂(药药)Inquiry-based Activities(I)探究活动探究活动 (1)(1)Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words?-1.There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys.A glacier is a river of ice.A.雪山雪山 B.树枝树枝 C.冰河冰河 D.冰冰 2.He is a res

17、olute man.Once he made up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.A.weak B.firm C.kind D.clever 3.Mr.Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home.For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works.A.租用租用 B.借出借出 C.购买购买 D.参观参观 CAB 4.The official asked t

18、he man what his occupation was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.A.work B.study C.name D.interest 5.The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady.A.爱猫的爱猫的 B.古怪的古怪的 C.闲不住闲不住 D.动物保护主义者动物保护主义者 6.In many countries there are

19、two financial extremes,from penury to great wealth.A.便士便士 B.温饱温饱 C.非常贫困非常贫困 D.虚弱虚弱 ABC 7.Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.A.活泼的活泼的 B.好动的好动的 C.爱说话的爱说话的 D.可爱的可爱的 8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city.A.t

20、own B.capital C.countryside D.house 9.This boy is not stupid,on the contrary,no one could be more intelligent.A.勤奋的勤奋的 B.愚蠢的愚蠢的 C.聪明的聪明的 D.情报情报CCC10.Children are always boasting.They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,”“My Mom is smarter than yours.”and“My family has more money th

21、an yours.”The word“boasting”means _.A.骄傲骄傲 B.吹牛吹牛 C.顽皮顽皮 D.幼稚幼稚B Inquiry-based Activities(II)探究活动探究活动 (2)(2)Passage 1.We can not feel speed.But our sense let us know that we are moving.We see things moving past and feel that we are being shaken.We can feel acceleration,an increase in speed.But we no

22、tice it for only a short time.For example we feel it during the takeoff run of an airplane.1.Acceleration is the name for _.A.any kind of movement B.the movement of a plane C.a steady speed D.an increase in speedlPassage 2.l All the athletes try to be at the closing ceremony.They have forgotten all

23、their fears and worries.It does not matter whether they have done well or not.All the teams walk round the stadium together.Everybody in the village clears up and gets ready to leave.Everyone is hunting for local products.People exchange track suits,hats,running vest and so on.There is a last chance

24、 to take photographs and get addresses of new friends.Then each team starts its journey home.l5.The underline phrase“clears up”in the paragraph means_.l A.packs up B.goes away l C.makes clear D.does the cleaningPassage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was bani

25、shed.A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院)opposed this decision,but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever.The underlined word“banished”mean_.A.killed by stoning B.sent away C.imprisoned D.punished by whipping BPassage 4 My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the

26、 cane fields.I would walk behind an ox,guiding him with a stick.For$1 a day,I worked eight hours straight,with no food breaks.It was very tedious work,but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons.Because the plantation owners were always watching us,I had to be on time every day an

27、d work as hard as I could.What does the underlined word“tedious”probably mean?A.interesting B.tiresome C.relaxing D.challengingBPassage 5 Although he often had the chance,Mr.Brown was never able to steal money from a customer.This would endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeop

28、ardize his future.The word“jeopardize”means _ in this text.A.protect B.endanger C.continue D.stopB 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果下文，有时阅读的视线还要扩大一些。如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，必然会理解错误。会理解错误。教师点评教师点评1.Definition 定义法定义法3.Similarity 相似法相似法2.Contrast 对比法对比法4.Cause and effect 因果法因果法5.Example 例举法例举法8.Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6.Word Formation 构词法构词法猜猜测测词词义义7.Context 上下文上下文 SummaryHomework:运用今天所学到的解题方法，运用今天所学到的解题方法，完成印发的完成印发的学考模拟试卷学考模拟试卷阅读理解练习。阅读理解练习。Bye!