人类群体遗传学.ppt
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1、人类群体遗传学基本原理和分析方法 中科院-马普学会计算生物学伙伴研究所 中国科学院上海生命科学研究院研究生课程 人类群体遗传学徐书华 金 力序号日 期课程内容授课教师13月06日Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验原理及其应用徐书华23月13日遗传漂变效应及有效群体大小的估计徐书华33月20日进化树的构建方法及应用徐书华43月27日人群遗传结构分析(I)徐书华54月03日单倍型估计及连锁不平衡分析徐书华64月10日人群遗传结构分析(II)徐书华74月17日基因定位中的关联分析徐书华84月24日人类基因组中的连锁不平衡模式及标签位点的选择徐书华5月01日劳动节放假95月08日基因表达数据的分析方
2、法严 军105月15日Coalescence原理及应用李海鹏115月22日遗传多态性统计量,自然选择检验原理和方法徐书华125月29日全基因组基因型数据正选择检验方法唐 鲲136月05日法医学检测及分析方法李士林146月12日复习156月19日课程考试教育基地20072008学年第二学期学年第二学期人类群体遗传学分析方法人类群体遗传学分析方法课程表课程表上课时间:每周四上午10:00-11:50 上课地点:中科大厦4楼403室第7教室第五讲单倍型估计及连锁不平衡分析第五讲基本概念连锁不平衡原理及其统计量影响连锁不平衡的因素连锁不平衡在基因定位研究中的应用基本概念遗传多态性(Geneticpol
3、ymorphism)指在一个群体中,同时存在的两种或两种以上的指在一个群体中,同时存在的两种或两种以上的变异类型,每种类型的频率比较高,一般认为每变异类型,每种类型的频率比较高,一般认为每种变异型超过种变异型超过1 1即可定为多态现象,不足即可定为多态现象,不足1 1的的称为罕见变异型,或者称为突变(称为罕见变异型,或者称为突变(mutationmutation)。)。人类存在多种遗传多态现象(多态性),主要有人类存在多种遗传多态现象(多态性),主要有染色体多态性、酶和蛋白质多态性、抗原多态性染色体多态性、酶和蛋白质多态性、抗原多态性的的DNADNA多态性五类。多态性五类。单核苷酸多态性单核苷
4、酸多态性单核苷酸多态性(singlenucleotidepolymorphism(singlenucleotidepolymorphism,SNPSNP,读作,读作“snip”),snip”),主要是指在基因组水平上由单个核苷酸的变异所引起的主要是指在基因组水平上由单个核苷酸的变异所引起的DNADNA序列多态性。它是人类可遗传的变异中最常见的一种。占所有已序列多态性。它是人类可遗传的变异中最常见的一种。占所有已知多态性的知多态性的90%90%以上。以上。SNPSNP在人类基因组中广泛存在,平均每在人类基因组中广泛存在,平均每300300600600个碱基对中就有个碱基对中就有1 1个,估计其总
5、数可达个,估计其总数可达10001000万个甚至更多。万个甚至更多。SNPSNP所表现的多态性只涉及到单个碱基的变异,这种变异可由单个所表现的多态性只涉及到单个碱基的变异,这种变异可由单个碱基的转换碱基的转换(transition)(transition)或颠换或颠换(transversiontransversion)所引起,也可由碱基所引起,也可由碱基的插入或缺失所致。但通常所说的的插入或缺失所致。但通常所说的SNPSNP并不包括后两种情况。并不包括后两种情况。理论上讲,理论上讲,SNPSNP既可能是二等位多态性,也可能是既可能是二等位多态性,也可能是3 3个或个或4 4个等位多个等位多态性
6、,但实际上,后两者非常少见,几乎可以忽略。因此,通常所说态性,但实际上,后两者非常少见,几乎可以忽略。因此,通常所说的的SNPSNP都是二等位多态性的(都是二等位多态性的(biallelicbiallelic)。)。genotypehaplotype相邻位点的等位基因在同一条染色体上的排列方式From genotype to haplotypesampleSNP1SNP21ATCG2ATCC3TTCG4ATCC5AACG6ATGGgenotypehaplotypephased dataunphased dataReconstructhaplotypefromgenotypeCLARKS alg
7、orithm?Parsimony-based methodParsimony-based methodE-M algorithm?Likelihood-based methodLikelihood-based methodPHASE algorithm?BayesianBayesian methodmethodReconstruct haplotype at individual level0010011101010100000111110101101111111111010010000101010111011000011101100000110111001111100001000100111
8、010101000001111101011011111111110100100001010101110110000111011000001101110011111000010001011111110101111101000101001000000001000011000001101000111001100000000111111001100010001000000010111111101011111010001010010000000010000110000011010001110011000000001111110011000100010000000101111010101000001111
9、101011010111111110101001001000000000101000000000000001100110001000100000001011110101010000011111010110101111111101010010010000000001010000000000000011001100010001000001101011101010100000111110101101011111111010011110001111111010100000110001111110011000100010000011010111010101000001111101011010111111
10、110100111100011111110101000001100011111100110001000100000001001110101010000011111010110111111111101001000010101011101100001110100000010000011000100110110010011101010100000111110101101111111111010010000101010111011000011101000000100000110001001101111010011010101000001111101011011111111110100000011000
11、000000000010000000100000100110001000100000110100110101010000011111010110111111111101000000110000000000000100000001000001001100010001000000010111101010100000111110101101011111111010010100100000000010100000000000000100000110001001101100101111010101000001111101011010111111110100101001000000000101000000
12、000000001000001100010011011110100000000000000000000000000000000000010000000110000000000000100000001000001001100010001000001101000000000000000000000000000000000000100000001100000000000001000000010000010011000100010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001010000011000000000000010000000100000100110
13、001000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010100000110000000000000100000001000001001100010001000001101011101010100000111110101101011111111010010100100000000010100000000000000100000110001001101111010111010101000001111101011010111111110100101001000000000101000000000000001000001100010011011000
14、000000000000000000000000000000000000010001000001101000111001010000000000010000011000100110110000000000000000000000000000000000000000100010000011010001110010100000000000100000110001001101100101111111010111110100010100100000000100001100000110100011100110000000000000100110001000100000001011111110101111
15、101000101001000000001000011000001101000111001100000000000001001100010001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101000001100000000000001000000110000010011000100010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001010000011000000000000010000001100000100110001000100000110101000000000000000000000000000
16、000000010000000110000000000000100000001000001011100111110000101101010000000000000000000000000000000000100000001100000000000001000000010000010111001111100001000000000000000000000000000000000000000001010111100011111110101010000000100000100110001000100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010101111
17、000111111101010100000001000001001100010001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000101000001100000000000001000000010000010011000100010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001010000011000000000000010000000100000100110001000100000001011111110101111101000101001000000001000011000001101000111001
18、100000001000001001100010001000000010111111101011111010001010010000000010000110000011010001110011000000010000010011000100010000011010111111010111110100010100100000000100001101001000000000100000001100000000110010011010000110110101111110101111101000101001000000001000011010010000000001000000011000000001
19、100100110100001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000101011110001111111010100001110000000110111001111100001000000000000000000000000000000000000000001010111100011111110101000011100000001101110011111000010001011111110101111101000101001000000001000010000110000000000000100000001000001011100111110000
20、100010111111101011111010001010010000000010000100001100000000000001000000010000010111001111100001000101111111010111110100010100100000000100001100000110100011100101000000000001000001100010011011001011111110101111101000101001000000001000011000001101000111001010000000000010000011000100110111101011111101
21、011111010001010010000000010000110000011010001110010100000000000100000110001001101111010111111010111110100010100100000000100001100000110100011100101000000000001000001100010011011000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000110000000000000100000001000001001100010001000000000000000000000000000000000
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- 人类 群体 遗传学
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