复合句复习课件ppt.ppt
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1、TheComplexSentencesinJuniorEnglish:初初中中英英语语教教材材中中涉涉及及到到的的复复合合句句主主要要有有:The Object Clause(宾宾 语语 从从 句句)、TheAdverbial Clause(状状语语从从句句)和和 TheAttributiveClause(定定语语从从句句)。其其它它诸诸如如主主语语从从句句、表表语语从从句句、同同位位语语从从句句等等形形式式的的复复合合句句尽尽管管在在教教材材中中也也有有出出现现,但但在在中中考中没有被列为重点考查范围。考中没有被列为重点考查范围。Choosetherightanswers(抢答题抢答题)()
2、1.The visitor wants to know_ from Dongguan to Guangzhou.A.how far it is B.how far is it C.how long it is D.how long is it()2.Could you tell me_?A.who you are waiting for B.who were you waiting for C.where you live in()3.Do you still remember_?A.that he said B.what he said C.what did he say AAB()4.He
3、 asked me _ during the summer holiday.A.where had I gone B.where I had gone C.where I had beenC.TheObjectClause(宾语从句宾语从句)宾宾语语从从句句是是英英语语复复合合句句中中用用来来充充当宾语的句子。当宾语的句子。宾语从句一般由宾语从句一般由“引导词引导词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其它其它”构成,其语序是构成,其语序是陈述句语序陈述句语序.Shesaid(thatshe was from TCL.)主句主句引导词引导词主语主语谓语谓语1.that+陈述句的宾语从句陈述句的宾语从句主主句句
4、的的谓谓语语动动词词是是say,think,tell,know,hear,see,feel,mean,hope,wish,remember,forget等等时时,或或主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是由由形形容容词词afraid,glad,sure,sorry等等作作表表语语的的系系表表结结构构时时,后后面面常接常接that引引导导的的宾语宾语从句。从句。例如例如:Hesaysthat_.(他想要和你通话他想要和你通话)Imsorry(that)_他现在不在这里他现在不在这里that本身无意义本身无意义,不充当任何成分不充当任何成分,常被省略常被省略hewantstospeaktoyou.hei
5、snthererightnow.Note:1.宾语宾语从句的从句的否定否定转转移移:主句是主句是I/Wethink/suppose/guess/believe等等时时,从句中的,从句中的否定否定习惯习惯上要上要转转移到主句中。移到主句中。如:我认为鸡如:我认为鸡不会不会游泳。游泳。Ithinkchickenscannotswim.()Idontthinkchickenscanswim.()此外,上述情况在变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句要此外,上述情况在变成反意疑问句时,附加疑问句要看从句,如果主句的主语不是第一人称,则附加疑问看从句,如果主句的主语不是第一人称,则附加疑问句要看主句。句要看主句。
6、试比较:试比较:Ithinkheiswrong,_?Hethinksheisright,_?isnt hedoesnt heBack2.if/whether+一般疑问句的宾语从句一般疑问句的宾语从句if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为都可作宾语从句的引导词,意为“是否是否”,在一般情况下可以互换。,在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中多用于口语和非正式文体中;whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。则多用于比较正式的文体中。如:如:Sheaskedmeif/whether_.我是否能帮助她我是否能帮助她Idontknowif/whether_是否将要下雨是否将要下雨用
7、陈述句语序用陈述句语序Icouldhelpheritisgoingtorain.BackNote:只用只用whether的四种情况:的四种情况:2.直接与直接与ornot连用时连用时Idontknowwhetherornottheywillcome.1.在介词后在介词后Imthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.3.Whether+动词不定式动词不定式Checkthepricesbeforeyoudecidewhethertobuyone4.宾语从句提前时只能用宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Icantsay.Bac
8、k3.连接代词连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和和连接副词连接副词when,wherehow,why+特殊疑问句特殊疑问句的宾语从句的宾语从句例如例如:Doyouknow_?谁下午将要来谁下午将要来Didyouhear_?她说过什么吗她说过什么吗Wedidntknow_她将什么时候回来她将什么时候回来Whowillcomethisafternoonwhathesaidwhenshewouldcomeback.连接代词连接代词/连接副词在宾语从句中充当一定连接副词在宾语从句中充当一定的子成份的子成份,不能省略不能省略(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(状语状语)二、考点:二、考点
9、:1.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词*2.从句中的语序为陈述语序;从句中的语序为陈述语序;*3.从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应从句中的时态与主句时态前后呼应如如:()Idliketoknow_ornot.(2003年中考年中考)A.whetherwillhecomeB.whetherhashecomeC.whetherhewillcomeD.thathewillcomeC关于宾语从句的时态对应关于宾语从句的时态对应*特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科特别要注意的是当宾语从句表示的是客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、名言时,则用一般现在时,不学原理、自然现象、名言时,则用一般现在时,不受
10、主句时态的限制受主句时态的限制Hesaysthathe_toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Hesaidthathe_toseehimassoonaspossible.(want)Theteachertoldusthattheearth_roundthesun.(go)wantswantedgoes主句主句从句从句1、一般现在时、一般现在时A.过去的某一种时态过去的某一种时态2、一般过去时、一般过去时B.根据句意选择时态根据句意选择时态1995-2005年中考关于宾语从句的考题年中考关于宾语从句的考题1.Canyoutellmewhy_yesterday?(95年年)
11、A.hedidntcomeB.didhenotcomeC.didnthecome2.Heasked_.(96年年)A.whyshecameB.whydidshecameC.whyshecomes3.Iwanttoknow_.(97年年)A.whattimedoesthetrainarriveB.whattimewillthetrainarriveC.whattimethetrainwillarriveAAC4.Doyoustillremember_?(99年年)A.whatdidhesayB.thathesaidC.whathesaid5.Excuseme.Couldyoutellme_?(2
12、001年年)A.whereisthezooB.WherethezooisC.wherethezoo6.Wecouldntfindout_,sowegaveittotheteacher.(2002年年)A.whosepenwasitB.whosepenitwasC.itwaswhosepen7.-Excuseme.Doyouknow_?-Imsorry.Imnewhere.(2005年年)A.WhereisthenearestbusstationB.wherethenearestbusstationisC.WherethenearestbusstationwasCBBB 宾语从句小结宾语从句小结
13、1 1、_ _ 引导陈述句。引导陈述句。2 2、_引导特殊疑问句。引导特殊疑问句。3 3、_引导一般疑问句。引导一般疑问句。4 4、宾语从句要用、宾语从句要用_语序。语序。5 5、主句、从句时态要对应。、主句、从句时态要对应。that特殊疑问词特殊疑问词if/whether陈述句陈述句.TheAdverbialClause(状语从句状语从句)状语从句是副词性从句,其句法功能是修饰谓语或整个句子等,在句中作状语,通常由从属连词引导。When you get off the bus,youmustntpushothers.(时间状语从句时间状语从句)主句主句Mymotherwillcomeifit
14、doesntraintomorrow.主句主句(条件状语从句条件状语从句)1.由由when,while,before,after,until,as soon as not.until引导的时间状语从句引导的时间状语从句)1)_,youmustntpushothers.当当你下车你下车时时2)Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfast_在在他们上学他们上学之前之前When you get off the bus before they went to school3)They talked about the party _ 在在人们离开人们离开后后 after the people
15、left.4)I will wait _.直到直到他来他来为止为止until he comese.g.Shewontgotobeduntilshefinishesherhomework.5)Introducedbyas soon as(表示主句发生的动作发生在从句动作之后,意为“一就”。)e.g.Mybrotherwentoutas soon as I got home.Note:在时间状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态应按下列在时间状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态应按下列规律确定。规律确定。1)主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时:主句一般将来时,从句用一般现在时:e.g.Theboywill b
16、eawriterwhenhegrows up.2)主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时:主句含有情态动词,从句用一般现在时:e.g.Whenthelightsarered,thetrafficmuststop.3)主句为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时:主句为祈使句时,从句用一般现在时:e.g.Please dont go to bedbeforeyoufinishyourhomework.4)主句为一般过去时,从句也用过去时态:主句为一般过去时,从句也用过去时态:e.g.IlikedreadingwhenIwasyoung.B)TheAdverbialClauseofPlace(地点状语从句地点状语
17、从句)1)Introducedbywheree.g.Putthemedicinewhere you can easily get it.2)Introducedbywherevere.g.Illgo wherever you go.C)TheAdverbialClauseofManner(方式状语从句方式状语从句)1)Introducedbyase.g.Illdoallthethingsas you told me.2)Introducedbyas if/though(可用陈述语气表示符合事实的情况,也可用虚拟语气表示与事实相反的情况)e.g.Itlooksas if its going to
18、 rain.Helooksasif he were young.3)Introducedbythe waye.g.Idontlikethe way he talks.D)TheAdverbialClauseofReason(原因状语从句原因状语从句)1)Introducedbybecausebecause语语气气最最强强,它它着着重重说说明明原原因因。用用why提提问问的的问句必须用问句必须用because回答,不能用回答,不能用as,since;e.g.-Whydidnthecome?-Becausehe was ill.2)Introducedbysincesince语语气气比比较较弱弱,
19、表表示示关关系系上上的的自自然然结结果果,尤尤其其用用于于对对已已经经清清楚楚了了的的因因素素,常常译译成成“既既然然”,“鉴鉴于于”,通常从句放在主句前;通常从句放在主句前;e.g.Sincea lot of people make mistakes in life,MrSmithwantedtogiveJohnachance.3)Introducedbyasas语气最弱,只表示一般的因果关系,从句放在主句前或后均可;e.g.Ashe didnt know the meaning of the word,helookeditupinhisdictionary.Note:for是并列连词,引导
20、的句子不置于句首,是一种非直接的、随便附加说明的理由或推断。e.g.Theoilmustbeout,forthe light went out.E)TheAdverbialClauseofCondition(条件状语从句条件状语从句)1)条件状语从句通常由if或unless(=ifnot)引导,从句中常用一般一般时时代替将来代替将来时时,即if或unless后的句子谓语用一般现在时或一般过去时。但是,主句则通常用将来时,情态动词或祈使句。e.g.Ifhedoesnt comeontime,wewont know whattoknow.Hemust comeifheis told.Please
21、let me knowifhecomes back.Ill gothereunlessitrains.2)If条件句的替代形式:条件句的替代形式:(1)祈祈使使句句+and/or+陈陈述述句句(谓谓语语动动词词通通常常用用将将来来时时态态)。其中,其中,and表示句意顺承;表示句意顺承;or表示转折,意为表示转折,意为“否则否则”。e.g.Ifyouworkhard,youllpasstheexameasily.=Workhard,andyoullpasstheexameasily.Ifyoudontworkhard,youllfallbehindothers.=Workhard,oryoul
22、lfallbehindothers.(2)用介词)用介词with,without的替代形式:的替代形式:e.g.Ifthereisnowater,thefishmaydie.=Fishmaydiewithoutwater.Ifyouhelpme,Illfinishmytaskontime.=Withyourhelp,Illfinishmytaskontime.F)TheAdverbialClauseofConcession(让步状语从句让步状语从句)1)Introducedbythough/althoughe.g.Though he tried many times,hefailedtowor
23、kitout.2)Introducedbywh-evere.g.Whatever he says(=Nomatterwhathesays),dontbelievehim.3)Introducedbyeven if/even thoughe.g.Even if he is poor,shelovesherhusband.(Hemaybepoor,yetsheloveshim.)即使他穷了,她也仍然爱他。Even though he is poor,shestilllovesherhusband.(Heispoor,yetsheloveshim.)尽管他穷,但她仍然爱他。G)TheAdverbia
24、lClauseofResult(结果状语从句结果状语从句)1)Introducedbyso thate.g.Therearebigtreesaroundthehouseso that it can hardly be seen by passers-by.2)Introducedbysothat/suchthate.g.HewalkedsofastthatIcouldntkeepupwithhim.Hemadesuchagoodreportthateverybodywaspleased.H)TheAdverbialClauseofPurpose(目的状语从句目的状语从句)1)Introduce
25、dbyso thate.g.He got up much earlier than usual so that he could catch the first bus.2)Introducedbyso thate.g.He explained it so clearly that he wanted everyone of us to understand him better.I)TheAdverbialClauseofComparison(比较状语从句比较状语从句)1)Introducedbyasas/not soas;thane.g.Thisquestionisnot sodiffic
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