MRSA感染的抗菌治疗.ppt
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_1.gif)
![资源得分’ title=](/images/score_05.gif)
《MRSA感染的抗菌治疗.ppt》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《MRSA感染的抗菌治疗.ppt(47页珍藏版)》请在淘文阁 - 分享文档赚钱的网站上搜索。
1、 MRSA感染的抗菌治疗 12/17/20221McDonald LC.Clin Infect Dis.2006;42:S65-S71.Nosocomial infectionCommunity-acquired infectionPenicillinase-producing S aureus02550751001940196019802000YearResistant isolates(%)Methicillin-resistant S aureus02550751001940196019802000YearResistant isolates(%)Progression of resis
2、tant Staphylococcus aureusA similar trend in the increase in nosocomial infections caused by antimicrobial-resistant S aureus isolates can be observed in community-acquired infections12/17/20222Emergence of resistant pathogensIncrease in Increase in nosocomialnosocomial S S aureusaureus bacteremiaba
3、cteremia predominantly due to the increase in MRSA in the UKpredominantly due to the increase in MRSA in the UKWyllie D,et al.BMJ.2006;333:281-284.Cohort study in Oxfordshire,UK;MSSA=methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureusa Per 100,000 admissions;b P.2.Year400500300200150100501997199920002001200
4、2200320041998Cases of S aureusBacteremia*Year4005003001501005019971999200020012002200320041998Cases of S aureusBacteremiaaAll Nosocomial S aureus BacteremiabYear4005003002001501005019971999200020012002200320041998Cases of S aureusBacteremia*Year4005003002001501005019971999200020012002200320041998Cas
5、es of S aureus BacteremiaaMSSAMRSAcb12/17/20223412/17/20224HA-MRSA StrainsHA-MRSA Strainsn nHigh local prevalenceHigh local prevalencen nHistory of MRSA infection History of MRSA infection or colonizationor colonizationn nClose contact with Close contact with infected individualinfected individualn
6、nExtended hospitalizationExtended hospitalizationn nResident of nursing home or Resident of nursing home or long-term-care facilitylong-term-care facilityn nInvasive devicesInvasive devicesn nDialysisDialysisn nCatheterizationCatheterizationn nEnteralEnteral feeding feedingn nRecent antibiotic useRe
7、cent antibiotic useRisk factors for infection with MRSACA-MRSA StrainsCA-MRSA Strainsn nHigh local prevalenceHigh local prevalencen nHistory of MRSA infection History of MRSA infection or colonizationor colonizationn nClose contact with Close contact with infected individualinfected individualn nCro
8、wded and/or Crowded and/or unsanitary conditionsunsanitary conditionsn nPrisonPrisonn nMilitary campMilitary campn nDepressed immune systemDepressed immune systemn nParticipation in contact Participation in contact sportssportsn nSharing athletic Sharing athletic equipment/towelsequipment/towelsn nI
9、ntravenous drug abuseIntravenous drug abuse1.MRSA Infection.MayoC 2007.Availabe at:http:/ EM,Venezia RA.J Antimicrob Chemother.2002;49:999-1005.3.Safdar N,Maki DG.Ann Intern Med.2002;136:834-844.4.Moran GJ,et al.N Engl J Med.2006;355:666-74.12/17/2022512/17/20226MRSA感染的危害感染的危害n nMRSAMRSA感染可能感染可能n n增
10、加死亡增加死亡风险风险1 1n n增加患病率增加患病率2,32,3n n延延长长住院住院时间时间2,32,3n n增加住院增加住院费费用用1,2,41,2,41.Rubin RJ,et al.Emerg Infect Dis.1999;5:9-17.2.Carbon C.J Antimicrob Chemother.1999;44(suppl A):31-36.3.The Brooklyn Antibiotic Resistance Task Force.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.2002;23:106-108.4.Abramson MA et al.Infe
11、ct Control Hosp Epidemiol.1999;20:408-411.5.Cosgrove SE et al.Clin Infect Dis.2003;36:53-59.死亡率相关性比死亡率相关性比死亡率相关性比死亡率相关性比较较5 5:MRSA MRSA vsvs MSSAMSSA比比比比值值比比比比研研研研究究究究MSSA:methicillinMSSA:methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus-sensitive staphylococcus aureusaureus12/17/20227812/17/20228912/17/20229101
12、2/17/2022101112/17/2022111212/17/202212VAP致病菌与致病菌与经验性抗生素治性抗生素治疗错误的的比例比例铜绿假单胞菌MRSA不动杆菌属Kollef MH Clinical Inf Diseases 31 Suppl 4:131-8,Sept 200012/17/202213肺炎肺炎(包括包括VAP)需要覆盖需要覆盖MRSA的考的考虑n n流感、糖尿病、流感、糖尿病、颅脑外外伤、肾衰、昏迷并衰、昏迷并发肺炎肺炎n n已接受已接受长疗程程SCs,FQs 治治疗n n已接受多种抗已接受多种抗GNB治治疗不效不效n n所在社区流行所在社区流行MRSAn n吸毒者吸
13、毒者n nMV7dn n气管插管患者下呼吸道分泌物涂片气管插管患者下呼吸道分泌物涂片见GPC12/17/202214n近30余年来,MRSA不断增加,万古霉素成为治疗MRSA的代表性药物。虽然80出现另一种糖肽类药物替考拉宁,但万古霉素似乎仍是治疗MRSA的主流品种。而且随着制剂进一步纯化,从“Mississippi Mud”到很高纯度的白色粉末,消除了耳毒性。除非与AMG联合使用,肾毒性很少出现。n万古霉素经历的辉煌:抗MRSA的经典药物!12/17/202215n随着MRSA 的增加,激起抗MRSA药物开发的高潮,超过对抗GNB药物的开发。部分药物已经上市。n万古霉素的广泛应用,特别是治疗
14、“艰难梭杆菌肠炎”(抗生素相关腹泻)口服万古霉素的过多使用,出现VRE并呈不断增加趋势。n日本1996年发现、1997年报道第一例万古霉素中介耐药的MRSA以来,MRSA对万古霉素的耐药成为世界热点和焦点。12/17/202216CLSI关于万古霉素敏感性折点VRSAVISAVSSAMIC(g/ml)164-82hVISA(MIC2g/ml)heterogeneous Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus Aureus不均质万古霉素中介金葡菌SA-RVS(MIC4,8-16g/ml)Staphylococcus Aureus with Reduced S
15、usceptibility to Vancomycin万古霉素敏感性减低金葡菌12/17/202217VRSAVISAhVISAVSSAConcentration of vancomycin,g/mlFigure:Population analysis profile of vancomycin-resisitant Staphylococcus aureus(VRSA),vancomycin-intermediate S.aureus(VISA),heteroresistant VISA(hVISA),and vacomycin-susceptible S.aureus(VSSA)strai
16、ns.12/17/202218Shift in Vancomycin MICs1Vancomycin MIC(mg/mL)YearS aureus Strains(n)0.51200094579.9%19.9%2004141828.8%70.4%aa P.01 compared to 2000.Implications of decreasing susceptibility to vancomycinn nGradual reductions in Gradual reductions in vancomycinvancomycin susceptibility in susceptibil
17、ity in S aureusS aureus1,21,2n nVancomycinVancomycin-intermediate-intermediate S S aureusaureus (VISA)strains(VISA)strains have emergedhave emergedn nTreatment failure in MRSA Treatment failure in MRSA bacteremiabacteremia may occur within the may occur within the susceptible susceptible vancomycinv
18、ancomycin MIC range MIC range2 2 1.Wang G,et al.J Clin Microbiol.2006;44:3883-3886.2.Sakoulas G,et al.J Clin Microbiol.2004;42:2398-2402.Vancomycin MIC(g/mL)nClinical Success 0.5955.6%1.0-2.0219.5%CLSI MIC breakpoints:2 m mg/mLSusceptible4-8 m mg/mLIntermediate 16 m mg/mL ResistantCLSI=Clinical and
19、Laboratory Standards Institute.12/17/202219SENTRY药敏监测(19982003):金葡菌年份菌株数MIC50MIC90根据MIC,分离株2g/mL4g/mL8g/mL19985966115.30019995011114.80020006346117.80.10.120015907116.50.1020027046116.40020035182114.700CID 2006;42(S1):):S13-S2412/17/202220Vancomycin MIC,0.5g/mlg/mlZone diameter,17mmZone diameter,17m
20、mVancomycin MIC,2g/mlg/mlZone diameter,17mmZone diameter,17mmVancomycin MIC,8g/mlg/mlZone diameter,17mmZone diameter,17mmFigure:Inability disk diffusion to detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibillity to vancomycin.12/17/202221hVISA临床意义不能肯定目前被广泛引用的Charles等关于hVISA菌血
21、症的研究 hVISA MRSA 治治疗失效失效 5/5(100%)1/48(2.1%)菌血症持菌血症持续(d)39 6.4万古血清低谷万古血清低谷浓度比例度比例 5/5(100%)11/36(31%)低谷低谷浓度:菌血症度:菌血症发病用万古治病用万古治疗最初最初7天天间谷谷浓度度32与治疗失败存在相关,而不论MIC是否“敏感”n一组MRSA菌血症万古霉素100%敏感,但临床有效率仅23%n有研究表明在低MIC菌株且体外以16g/ml万古霉素孵育72h其体外杀菌显示增加的亚组临床疗效提高n万古霉素疗效降低不仅与耐药基因有关,还与菌株合有型辅助基因调节蛋白有关 Ann intern Med 198
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- MRSA 感染 抗菌 治疗
![提示](https://www.taowenge.com/images/bang_tan.gif)
限制150内