外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳.pdf
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1、*外研版小学英语语法总复习知识点归纳一、时态1.一般现在时(1)表示经常发生的动作或事情,通常用“usually通常,often 常常,every,每,sometimes有时,always 总是,”等词。(2)基本结构:主语 I/You/We/They/He/She/It肯定句:主语+动词原形或动词第三人称单数形式否定句:主语+dont+动词原形或者 doesnt+动原一般疑问句(Yes/No)Do,?Yes,I do.No,I don t.Does,(动词原形),?Yes,he/she does.No,he/she doesn特殊疑问句What do,?How does she,(动词原形)
2、,?(3)动词第三人称单数形式(同名词单数变成复数方法相同)1 一般情况+s如:walk-walks2.辅音字母+y结尾 去 y+ies fly-flies3.结尾是 s,x,sh,ch+es watch-watches4.结尾是 0+es do-does,go-goes5.特殊 have-has2现在进行时(1)表示正在发生的动作,通常用“now 现在,look看,linsen听”.(2)基本形式:be+动词-ingeg:I am(not)doing my homework.You/We/They are(not)reading.He/She/It is(not)eating.*t.*Wha
3、t are you doing?Is he reading?(3)动词的现在分词形式(动词+ing)一般情况+ing walkwalking结尾是不发音的e-e+ing comecoming 重读闭音节双写最后一个字母+ingswim-swimming run-running3.一般过去时(1)表示过去已经发生的事情,通常用“last,上一个,just nowmany years ago 许多年前,yesterday昨天”等词。(2)be动词的过去式:am/is was are were(3)过去式基本结构肯定句:主语+动词过去式I went shopping last night.否定句:主
4、语+d idn t+动词原形I didn t go shopping last night.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did,+动词原形,?Did you go shopping last night?特殊疑问句(wh-)What did,+动词原形,?What did you do last night?(4)动词过去式的变化:规则动词的变化:(1)一般动词+ed planted,watered,climbed(2)以不发音的 e 结尾+d likedtied(3)辅音字母加 y 结尾-y+ied studystudied,cry-cried*,刚才*(4)重读闭音节单词,末尾只有一个辅音字
5、双写最后一个字母+edplan planned stopstopped不规则动词的变化:原形 过去式 原形 过去式原形过去式am/is wasare werego wentdo did find found buy boughteat ate feel felt drink drankteach taughttake took read readgive gavehave had putputsing sang drive drove meet metcut cut begin began makemadelet let ring rang write wrotesee sawrun ran
6、ride rodecome came draw drew sit sattell told learn learnt get gotcarry carriedstudy studied6.一般将来时一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与Sunday 等时间状语连用。结构:be going to+动词原形或 will+动词原形例如:I m going to visit my grandpa next week.*tomorrow,next*二、人称代词主格 I we youhe she it they宾格 me us you him her it them形容词性物主代词my ou
7、r your his her its their名词性物主代词 mineours yours hishers its theris(注:介词,动词后面跟宾格。后面没有名词时用名词性物主代词。)三、可数名词的复数形式1.一般名词:+s bookbooksstoriesglasses;a watch-watches2.辅音字母加 y 结尾:-y+ies story3.以 s,x,sh,ch,结尾:+es glass以 o 结尾:1)有生命的+es potato-potatoes2)无生命的+s photo-photoes4.以 f 或 fe 结尾:-f5.特殊的名词复数:man-men,woman
8、-women,policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen,mouse-mice,child-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish,people-people,Chinese-Chinese,四、不可数名词(没有复数形式)bread,rice,water,juice五、缩略形式,milk,tea,coffee或 fe 变为 ves knifeknives;shelf-shelves*I m=I am you re=you are shehe has(got)itdidn t=did nots=it is who
9、s=she is hes=he ishasnt=t=is nots=who is cant=can not isnwerent=were notwasnt=was not letI ll=I will六、a.an.the的用法s=let us7.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book,a peach,a“U”单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg,an hour,an“F”8.the 要注意的:球类前面不加 the,play football乐器前面要加 the,play the piano序数词前面要加 the,the second七、介词1.表示方位:on,in,in front of,
10、between,next to,near,beside,at,behind.,under2.表示时间:(1)at:几点前面用 at 如:at six oclock,没有 day 的节日前用 at 如:at,at nightChristmas,固定词组 at the weekends(2)on:用于星期,日期,某一天的上午、下午、晚上(指具体的某一天时)on Sunday 在星期天 on Sunday morning在星期天的上午 on March 8在 3 月8 日;带有 Day 的节日前用 on 如:on National Day(3)in:早晨,中午,晚上前用 in:inthe morni
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