国际商务英文读本.doc

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1、国际商务英文读本 Fundamentals of International Business一、 Match1、resources(资源)：possessions of a country, in the form of wealth and goods2、know-how（技术，技能）：practical ability or skill3、merchandise（商品；货物）：things for sale; goods for sale4、insurance（保险）：agreement by contract to pay money esp. in case of illness,

2、death or accident5、portfolio（有价债券）：the list of shares in business owned by a person or a company6、property（财产，所有物）：that which is owned and has some value 7、stock（股票）：the legal capital of a company divided into shares8、bond（债券）：a paper in which a government or industrial firm promises to pay back wit

3、h interest money that has been lent 9、patent（专利权，执照）：a piece of writing from a government Patent Office giving someone the right to make or sell a new invention for a certain number of years10、trademark（商标）：a special sign, word etc, marked on a product to show that it is made by a particular produce

4、r, and may not be used by other producers11、copyright（版权；著作权）：the right in law to be the only producer, seller, or broadcaster, of a book, play, firm, record, etc., for a fixed period of time12、royalty（版税；特许权使用费）：money paid to the owner of a copy right permission to publish copy right material., and

5、 to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, usu, at an agreed percentage of the selling price of the product 13、logo（标识）：a symbol or other small design adopted by and organization to identify its products, uniform, vehicles etc14、intellectual property（知识产权）：intangible（无形的） pro

6、perty that is the result of creativity, such as patents, copyrights, etc15、mercantilism(重商主义)：the economic policy under-which nations measure their power by the amount of precious metal they have acquired16、absolute advantage(绝对优势)：an advantage of on nation or area over another in the costs of manuf

7、acturing an item in terms of resources used17、specialize in ：confine oneself to providing a particular product or service18、efficient(效率高的)：working well and without waste19、comparative advantage(比较优势)：a countrys or areas advantage in the manufactuer of a particular item when its social cost of produ

8、ction for that item is less than the social cost experienced by other countries or areas for the same item20、retaliatory(报复的)：marking an attack or assault in return for similar attack21、impose(强加)：force something unwelcome or unfamiliar to be accepted or put in place22、tariff(关税、关税表、税则)：a schedule o

9、f taxes on items imported or exported23、tax（税、税款）：a charge levied（征收） by a government against the income of an individual, corporation, or other profit-making center of activity24、barter（易货）：direct exchange of goods without the use of money25、buyback（回购）：the buying back of goods by the original sell

10、er26、counter purchase（互购）：the placing of an order with an manufacturer with the expectation that commodity of equal value and/or quantity will be sold in the opposite direction to the other nation27、compensation trade（补偿贸易）：the agreement of a company to take full or partial payment in products as th

11、e result of a sale28、counter trade（反向贸易/对销贸易）：reciprocal trade that links a sellers exports to imports from the buyer29、transportation：(运输)the movement of vehicular（车的）or marine(海运的)traffic from one place to another30、customer（消费者）：an individual of organization that makes a purchase31、natural resour

12、ces(自然资源)：all materials furnished by nature(minerals , timber, water, etc.)32、acquisition(获得)：the act of acquiring33、return(盈利利润)：the income from an investment, frequently expressed as a percentage of its cost34、property(所有物，财产)：something capable of being owned. It may be tangible, such as a buildin

13、g or intangible such as an “intellectual property” e.g. a copyright35、securities(有价证券)：an official piece of writing, esp. a bond or piece of stock giving the owner the right to certain property36、trademark(商标)：a makers name, trademark or sign, officially registered or protected, put on goods to make

14、 it easy for buyers to recognize the make of quality37、profit(获利利润)：the excess of the selling price of the article or service being sold over the costs of providing38、brand-name(品牌)：a distinctive symbol that identifies particular products of a trader to the general public39、capital(资本)：a ccumullated

15、 wealth or property used in the production of further wealth. It is one of the factors of production40、operate：to carry on trade or business41、negotiation(商议、谈判)：the act of discussion or talk42、liberalize(自由化)：to make free or more free43、bargain(议价)：to talk about the conditions of a sale, agreement,

16、 or contract44、integration(综合)：the joining to something else so as to form a whole 45、eliminate(消除，淘汰)：to remove or get rid of completely46、regulation(规则、规章)：an esp. official rule of order47、convert(兑换)：to change into another form, substance or state48、exchange rate(汇率)：The value of the money of one

17、 country compared to that of another country49、harmonize(协调)：to be in agreement with each other or something else50、settlement(解决、和解)：an agreement of decision ending an argument, question, etc.51、referee(仲裁人)：a person who is asked to settle a disagreement52、taxation(征税)：the act of taxing53、fluctuati

18、on(波动)：the continuous or frequent change54、cartel(企业联合)：a combination of independent often international companies intended to limit competition and increase profit55、capacity(能力)：ability or power56、accord(协定)：an agreement57、pact(条约)：a solemn agreement, esp.58、administration(行政部门)：the management or

19、direction of the affairs of a business, government, etc.59、legislative(立法机关)：having the power and duty to make laws60、circulation(流通)：the movement of something, such as news or money, from place to place, or from person to person61、entitlement(权利)：the given right to do something or have something62、

20、subsidiary(附属的，次要的)：something connected, but of less importance, esp. a company controlled by another63、dividend(股息，红利)：that part of the money made by a business which is divided among those who own shares in the business64、disequilibrium(不均衡)：the loss of lack of balance65、visible(可见的)： imports and

21、exports of goods, as compared with invisible item of trade such as payments for services66、bookkeeping(簿记)：the act or skill of keeping the accounts of a business company or other organization67、purchase(购买)：to buy; to get, obtain, in exchange for money or other valuable goods68、merchandise(商品、货物)：go

22、ods, esp. manufactured articles, that are intended for sale, not for the personal use of the present owner69、deposit(存款、储蓄)：an act of placing money in a bank or safe(保险箱)70、environment(环境)：the physical and social conditions in which people live, esp. as they influence their feeling and development 7

23、1、label(标签)：a piece of paper or other material, fixed to something, which gives information about what it is, where it is to go, who owns it, etc.72、executive(决策人，经理主管人员)：in a business organization, a person given responsibility for making important decisions, and power to manage a part or the whole

24、 of the affairs of the organization73、recruitment(征募新兵, 补充)：the process of finding, choosing and engaging suitable new employees for an organization74、aesthetics(美学)：the study or science of beauty, esp. in art75、prayer(祈祷)：a solemn request to God or a god76、available(可得到的)：able to be had, obtained,

25、used, seen, etc.77、trainee(练习生)：a person who is being trained 78、orientation(方位，方向)：a position or direction79、connotation(含蓄, 内涵)：the feelings or ideas that are suggested by a word, rather than the actual meaning of the word80、specialize(专门化)： to limit ones business activities to particular kind of

26、product or service81、confiscate(没收，充公)：to take private property away from someone esp. with the official right to do so , usu. as a punishment82、reimbursement（付还、偿还）：the paying back to a person who has spent money as ones agent or employee83、takeover(接管)：an act of gaining control, esp. of a business

27、 company by buying most of the shares84、facilities(熟练)：arrangements that allow or make some activity easy 85、vested interests(特权阶级)：persons or group of persons who hold a commanding positions in the economy because they have strong powers and rights over property, finance, business, which they are u

28、nwilling to lose86、reprisal(报复)：punishing others for harm done to oneself esp. of a political or military kind87、consistency(一致性原则)：the state of always keeping to the same principles or course of action88、violence(暴行)：extreme force in action or feeling, esp. that causes damage, unrest, etc.89、compon

29、ent(元件，成份)：any of the parts that together make a whole machine or system二、 Explain the terms in English and then give the Chinese version for each of them.1. international business（国际商业）:business activities that are conducted across national boundaries, generally involve the transfer of resources, g

30、oods or services from nation to nation跨国界间的商业活动，主要涉及资源、商品、服务在国与国间的传输。2. international trade（国际贸易）: movements of products or commodities or services from sellers located in one nation to buyers located in another nation产品、商品或服务从一国的卖者到另一国的买者间的流动。3. international investment（国际投资）: the transfer of resou

31、rces, such as capital or technological know-how资源的传输，类似资本或专门技术。4. importing(进口): the buying of products made in the other countries for use or resale in ones own country买入其它国家生产的产品供本国使用或重新销售。5. exporting(出口): the selling of products made in ones own country for use or resale in other countries卖出本国生产

32、的产品供其它国家使用或重新销售。6. visible trade(有形贸易): trade in goods, that is, tangible products such as clothing, foodstuffs and machinery 商品贸易，那是，如服装、食品和机器有形商品的贸易。7. invisible trade(无形贸易):trade in services, that is intangible products such as travel, banking and insurance 服务贸易，那是，如旅游、银行业和保险业无形商品的贸易。8. foreign d

33、irect investment（对外直接投资）:FDI is acquisition of foreign assets for the purpose of controlling them.9. portfolio investment （证券投资）:They are purchases of foreign financial assets(stocks, bonds, and certificates of deposit) for a purpose other than control and in anticipation of returns.10. franchising（

34、特许权/专卖权）formal permission given by a company to sb who wants to sell its goods or services in a particular area一家公司正式的授予其它想在某特定的区域出售它的商品或服务的权利。11. licensing(授权许可)A firm in one country licenses the use of some or all of its intellectual property to a firm in second country in return for a royalty pay

35、ment.12. management contract（管理合同）A firm in one country agrees to send some of its managers to assist a firm in another country and to train its personnel to take managerial positions for an agreed-upon fee.13. franchisera company or an organization that gives sb a franchise授予他人特许权的公司或组织14. franchis

36、eea person or company that have been given a franchise获特许权的人或公司15. merchandise import and export（商品出口与进口） trade in goods, that is, tangible products such as clothing, foodstuffs and machinery 16. service import and export（服务出口与进口） trade in services, that is intangible products such as travel, bankin

37、g and insurance 17. joint venture（合资企业）:two or more firms agree to work together and create a jointly owned separate firm to promote their mutual interests两个或两个以上的公司同意一起合作，创建一个共同独立的公司以促进共同的利润。18. the infant industry： a new or beginning industry 幼稚产业19. trade barrier(贸易壁垒)Trade barrier is any action

38、by a government that restricts free trading between organizations within that country and the world outside.一国政府限制与其它国家或组织间的自由贸易而采取的一些行为。20. tariff barriers(关税壁垒)Included in this category are import tariffs, countervailing tariff or duty (反倾销税)and export tariffs. 包括进口关税、反倾销税、和出口税。21. non-tariff barr

39、iers(非关税壁垒)NTBs to trade cover a wide variety of payments and policies that intentionally(故意的) or unintentionally（非故意的） limit trade.22. import tariff（进口税）：A tax on the import of foreignproduced goods.进口商品税23. export tariff（出口税）：A tax on the exported goods. 出口商品税24. countervailing tariff (反倾销税)This t

40、ariff is imposed when a trading partner is seen to be engaging in an unfair trade practice and is intended specifically to counter the practice.25. subsidies(补贴)Subsidies are direct payments to domestic exported producers.向国内出口生产者直接的补助金。26、import quotas(进口配额) Import quotas are limits to the quantiti

41、es or money values of a particular product that can be brought into the domestic market.27、standards(标准) All countries have various standards that imported products must meet to be allowed into the domestic market. 所有的国家都有各种进口产品必须满足标准国内市场需求的标准。28、real estate(不动产)29、portfolio investment(证券投资): Portfo

42、lio investment represent passive holding of securities such as foreign stocks, bonds, or other financial assets.30、foreign direct investment（外国直接投资）31、infrastructure 32、tax holiday(免税期)33、factors of production(生产要素) The basic things that are used by man, esp. land, labour, capital and enterprise.人类生

43、产的基本条件，例如，土地、劳动力、资本和企业家精神。34、logistics(后勤学):Logistics is the management of material and information flows through an organization to its end customers. 原材料和组织到它的最终消费者间信息流程的管理。35、voluntary export restraint VER 自愿出口限制 Limit the goods made in ones own country to the other countries voluntarily. 自愿限制本国商

44、品出口到其它国家。36、product life cycle 产品生命周期 Product life cycle is the four stages of market acceptance of any goods：pioneering, growth, maturity, and decline. 商品进入市场的四个阶段：初创期，成长期，成熟期和衰退期。37、financial assetA non-physical asset, such as security, certificate, or bank balance.非实物资产, 如债券、证券、银行存款余额。38、GATT(关税贸

45、易总协定): The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, is an agreement among member countries intended to promote trade.成员国间为了促进贸易而定的协议。39、WTO(世贸组织): The World Trade Organization40、Uruguay Round(乌拉圭回合): The final round about Negotiations of Multilateral Trade, and started signature the “Agreement Establ

46、ishing the World Trade Organization”.多边贸易谈判的最后一个回合，“世贸组织建立的协议”开始的标志。41、multilateral trade(多边贸易)42、regional trading bloc(区域贸易集团)it can increase trade with the bloc, but it can also deter trade with other countries outside it.增加集团内国家间贸易,也可阻止与集团外国家的贸易.43、free trade area(自由贸易区域): A free-trade area requi

47、res each participating nation to remove tariffs, quotas, and other barriers affecting its trade with the other participating nations.要求每个成员国间移除关税、配额和其它影响成员国间贸易的壁垒。44、customs union(关税联盟): It goes one level beyond the free-trade area by requiring the participating nations to adopt common trade policie

48、s vis-a-vis nonmember countries.比自由贸易区域更进一步，其要求成员国间对非成员国采用共同的贸易政策。45、common market(共同市场): It carries integration an important additional step past the customs union by removing restrictions on the transfer of factors of production across national boundaries. 通过移除生产要素在跨国间的限制，它越过关税联盟，推进了一体化重要的一步。 46、economic union(经济联盟): The integration of economic policies among its members, such as the free movement of goods,