2023年测绘工程专业英语.docx
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1、2023年测绘工程专业英语 From the discuion thus far it can be stated with absolute certainty that all measured values contain errors , whether due to lack of refinement in reading , instrumental imperfection or human limitations .Some of these errors result from physical conditions that cause them to occur in
2、systematic way , whereas others occur with apparent randomne .Accordingly , errors are claified as either systematic or random .But before defining systematic and random errors , it is helpful to define mistakes .These three terms are defined as follows: 1、Mistake .Mistake or blunders (gro errors) a
3、ctually are not errors because they usually are so gro in magnitude compared to the other two types of errors .Carelene , inattention , improper training , bad habits ,poor judgement , adverse measuring or observing conditions , and various negative attitudes and emotions are the traces or the commo
4、n reasons for mistakes .They are not claified as errors and must be removed form any set of observations .Typical example of mistakes are omitting a whole tape length when measuring distance , sighting the wrong target in a round of angles , writing down 27.55 for 25.75 in recording .Therefore great
5、 care must be taken to obviate them Mistakes will never be completely eliminated from measurements , but surveyors careful , attentive , conscientious attitude can reduce the mistakes in most cases .Through proper training and development of good work habits , development and maintenance of positive
6、 attitudes , and understanding the theory and practically eliminated. 2、systematic errors .Systematic errors are defined as those errors whose magnitude and algebraic sign can be calculated and applied as a correction to the measured quantity , or these errors follow some physical law and thus can b
7、e predicted .Some systematic errorsare removed by some correct measurement procedures (e , g, , balancing backsight and foresight distance in differential leveling to compensate for earth curvature and refraction ) .Others are removed by deriving corrections based on the physical conditions that wer
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