3.名称解析.ppt

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1、Module 4:名称解析名称解析概述：概述：主机名称主机名称NETBIOS名称名称配置客户端的名称配置客户端的名称名称解析名称解析主机名称的特点主机名称的特点主机名称可以是任一主机名称可以是任一255字符长度以内的字符串字符长度以内的字符串默认情况下，主机名称与默认情况下，主机名称与NETBIOS名称相同，但并名称相同，但并不需要与不需要与NETBIOS名称相匹配名称相匹配主机名称加上主机名称加上DNS后缀组成后缀组成FQDNExamples:A host name is the DNS name,of a device on a network,that is used to locate

2、 computers on the network主机名称主机名称FQDNserver1.nwtraders.msft.server1.training.nwtraders.msft.FQDNDNS SuffixHost NameDNS SuffixHost NameServer1=192.168.0.67Server1=192.168.0.66msft“.”Rootnwtraderstraining FQDN,主机名称主机名称,DNS后缀后缀FQDN 主机名称主机名称DNS后缀后缀ServerTServer1HComputerC查看主机名称的方法查看主机名称的方法IPCONFIG命令可以查看

3、主机名称和命令可以查看主机名称和DNS后缀后缀Hostname可以查看主机名称可以查看主机名称配置主机名称配置主机名称NETBIOS名称名称NETBIOS 名称是一个名称是一个16字节长度的地址，前字节长度的地址，前15字节字节表示计算机名，可以由用户定义，第表示计算机名，可以由用户定义，第16字节表示服字节表示服务资源类型务资源类型NETBIOS名称在其网络中必须是唯一的名称在其网络中必须是唯一的NETBIOS 名称在操作系统的安装过程中创建名称在操作系统的安装过程中创建当启动计算机之后，多个服务会注册一个基于计算当启动计算机之后，多个服务会注册一个基于计算机名称的唯一的机名称的唯一的Net

4、bios名称名称NETBIOS名称注册名称注册u本地广播本地广播u名称服务器名称服务器(WINS)NETBIOS名称发现名称发现u本地广播本地广播u名称服务器名称服务器(WINS)NETBIOS名称释放名称释放NETBIOS名称名称NETBIOS名称Nbtstat工具工具NBTSTAT -a RemoteName-A IP address-c-n-r-R-RR-s-S interval-a remotename：显示远程计算机的NETBIOS名称表-A ipaddress：显示远程计算机的Netbios名称表-c:显示NETBIOS名称缓存内容，NETBIOS名称表及其解析的各个地址-n:显示

5、本地计算机的NETBIOS名称表-R:清除NETBIOS名称缓存的内容-RR:释放并刷新通过WINS服务器注册的本地计算机的NETBIOS名称名称解析名称解析名称解析服务名称解析服务名称解析服务名称解析服务192.168.1.200Computer44Where is the Computer44 file?Computer44123主机名称解析主机名称解析DNS客户端程序缓存客户端程序缓存HOSTS文件文件DNS服务器服务器DNS客户端缓存客户端缓存The client resolver cache is a location in memory that stores host names

6、 that have recently been resolved to IP addresses.It also stores host name-to-IP address mappings loaded from the Hosts fileComputer1Hosts FileResolved host names from the DNS server如何查看和清除客户端缓存如何查看和清除客户端缓存Your instructor will demonstrate how to:查看解析缓存查看解析缓存-ipconfig/displaydns清除解析缓存清除解析缓存ipconfig/f

7、lushdnsHosts 文件文件The Hosts file is a static file that is maintained on the local computer and that is used to load host name-to-IP address mappings into the client resolver cacheComputer1Hosts File#Copyright(c)1993-1999MicrosoftCorp.#ThisisasampleHOSTSfileusedbyMicrosoftTCP/IPforWindows.#Thisfilecon

8、tainsthemappingsofIPaddressestohostnames.Each#entryshouldbekeptonanindividualline.TheIPaddressshould#beplacedinthefirstcolumnfollowedbythecorrespondinghostname.#TheIPaddressandthehostnameshouldbeseparatedbyatleastone#space.#Additionally,comments(suchasthese)maybeinsertedonindividual#linesorfollowing

9、themachinenamedenotedbya#symbol.#Forexample:#sourceserver#xclienthost127.0.0.1localhostNetBIOS名称解析名称解析NetBIOS 名称解析标准方法包括名称解析标准方法包括 1.NetBIOS 名称缓存名称缓存使用Nbtstatc查看高速缓存的内容 2.NetBIOS 名称服务器名称服务器处理来自WINS客户机的注册请求响应NetBIOS名称查询 3.本地广播本地广播 4.lmhosts文件文件NetBIOS 名称解析过程名称解析过程NetBIOS name resolution is the proces

10、s of mapping a NetBIOS name to an IP addressWhat is the IP address for Salescomputer2?Salescomputer213192.168.1.35Salescomputer2NetBIOS Name CacheWINSBroadcast Lmhosts File2NETBIOS名称缓存名称缓存如何查看和清除缓存内容如何查看和清除缓存内容Your instructor will demonstrate how to:查看本地计算机缓存查看本地计算机缓存-nbtstat-c 清除缓存并重新载入本地清除缓存并重新载入本

11、地lmhosts文件中带有文件中带有#PRE 标签的项目标签的项目-nbtstat-RBroadcastsBroadcastRouterNetBIOS RedirectorThe NetBIOS redirector sends out a local broadcast1If the resource is on the local network,the broadcast is answered and an IP address is returned2If the resource is on a remote network,then the broadcast will not

12、pass through the router3Local broadcasts are network messages,sent from a single computer,that are distributed to all other devices on the same segment of the network as the sending computerBroadcastis answeredBroadcastFails123Lmhosts FileAn Lmhosts file is a local text file that maps NetBIOS names

13、to IP addresses for hosts that are not located on the local subnetComputer1Lmhosts File#Copyright(c)1993-1999MicrosoftCorp.#ThisisasampleLMHOSTSfileusedbytheMicrosoftTCP/IPforWindows.#ThisfilecontainsthemappingsofIPaddressestocomputernames#(NetBIOS)names.Eachentryshouldbekeptonanindividualline.#TheI

14、Paddressshouldbeplacedinthefirstcolumnfollowedbythe#correspondingcomputername.Theaddressandthecomputername#shouldbeseparatedbyatleastonespaceortab.The#character#isgenerallyusedtodenotethestartofacomment(seetheexceptions#below).#Thefollowingexampleillustratesalloftheseextensions:#102.54.94.97rhino#PRE#DOM:networking#netgroupsDC#102.54.94.102appname0 x14#specialappserver#102.54.94.123popular#PRE#sourceserver#102.54.94.117localsrv#PRE#neededfortheinclude#BEGIN_ALTERNATE#INCLUDElocalsrvpubliclmhosts#INCLUDErhinopubliclmhosts#END_ALTERNATE总结：总结：主机名称主机名称NETBIOS名称名称配置客户端的名称配置客户端的名称名称解析名称解析