2023年英语课开场白和结束语的设计.docx
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1、2023年英语课开场白和结束语的设计 语课堂开场白和结束语的设计 开场白的设计 内容提要:本文论述了课堂导语的作用,介绍了如何设计恰当的课堂开场白。它虽然不是授课内容,但对于平稳和顺利进入课堂实质部分,加强教学效果起着重要作用。在设计课堂导语时,首先要作到语言简洁易懂,其次注意对学生的启发诱导,强调开场白的情趣性,做到灵活机动并把握好时间。 关键词:英语课堂开场白导语设计 授课伊始, 教师的开场白(导语)必不可少,恰当的课堂导语不仅对授课的内容起到承上启下的作用,还能激扬情趣,活跃课堂气氛。由于它并不是授课的内容,常被忽略。如果在备课时没有设计开场白,而是到了课堂上随便拉扯几句,或套用千篇一律
2、的所谓导语,就很难做到平稳过度,也不能抓住学生的注意力。下面的内容无论多么精彩,已属“亡羊补牢”矣! 不同学科,风格各异,课堂导语的设计也应各有千秋。下面,就英语课堂导语的设计,笔者浅谈自己在教学实践中的心得和体会,与同仁们共榷。 英语课堂上我们惯用的开场白是:“Lets begin our cla”或者是:“Last time we learned.Today we are going to take up”一般来说,这样的开场白并无差错,但显得陈旧、俗套,很难引起学生的注意和兴趣。而好的导语要使学生在短短的几分钟内就能进入角色,课堂气氛活跃热烈。这样的导语对提高学生听力、加强课堂教学效果起
3、着不可估量的作用。 那么怎样设计好英语课堂导语呢? 不妨从以下几方面着手。 (一) 语言应简洁易懂。英语导语的设计应尽量使用学生学过的单词或短语。句的长短,内容的深浅要根据学生的水平而定。学生听懂了,才有兴趣听下去;反之,如果用词生僻,句子复杂难懂,则适得其反。 在讲Robinson Crusoe时,我是这样设计导语的:Do you know the story “Robinson Crusoe”? The author of it is Daniel DefoeHe is one of the most important writers of EnglandThe hero,Robinso
4、nCrusoe, is famous all over the worldToday we11 learn a story about Robinson Crusoe 这样的导语,较快地激发了学生的好奇心,我刚一说完,他们就急切地读了起来。反之,如用以下导语,则适得其反: Have you ever heard of “Robinson Crusoe”, the author of which is Daniel Defoe,who is considered one of the most prominent novelists of England? Robinson Crusoe,the
5、 protagonist is celebrated through out the worldToday well learn a story about Robinson Crusoe. 很明显,这个导语,旬式复杂,单词生僻,学生由于不理解而失去兴趣,达不到授课预期的目的。 (二) 注意导语的启发、诱导作用。教师上课前应吃透教材,抓住教材的关键,利用几句导语,把学生需要掌握的内容说出来,引导学生积极思维;不要一上课想说什么,就说什么,使学生无所适从。在讲授How Marx Learned Foreign Languages时,我的导语是: I believe all of you know
6、 Karl MarxCan you tell us something about him?学生一听到这样的问题,同声回答“yes”。一些学生回答他是伟大的共产主义创始人,有的说他是德国人等。说出了许多有关马克思的知识。我让大家静下来,然后说:“All of us know Karl Marx was a German,and he was a great leader of communismBut do you know he was also a great talent for languages? In this text,the author told us how Marx le
7、arned foreign languages in order to do revolutionary work better,and in the text Marx also gave us some good and useful advice on learning languagesAfter we learn it,we can get great benefit from itNow,please read the text first”话刚说完,学生就迫不急待地翻开书,读了起来。他们迫切地想知道马克思是怎样学习外语的,以及他对学习语言提出了什么好的建议。这一节课,课堂导语在引
8、导学生思维时发挥了极大的作用。 如果在学生回答了那些关于马克思的知识后,教师大讲马克思的革命活动、国际共运史,学生如坠入云雾。无所适从,很难说学生学习课文时有什么收获。 (三) 趣味性要强。教师设计导语时应抓住学生心理,激起学生兴趣,使学生在轻松、愉快的环境中带着兴趣去学习新内容,这样课堂效果会明显加强。在讲Lady Silkworm时,我这样设计了导语: Do you know how the silk worm is formed in Chinese“蚕”? The Chinese character蚕consists of “heaven” and “worm”Yes, the sil
9、k worm means“the worm” comes from heavenWould you like to know why? How? There is an interesting story about itToday,we11 learn this interesting and beautiful storyThe title is “Lady Silkworm”Now turn to page 又比如,在讲授外贸初级英语“Insurance”时,针对内容比较枯燥、抽象这一现象,为了激发学生学习兴趣,我设计了这样的导语: I know all of us have known
10、 something about insurance and I also know all of us had covered the insurance when we entered the schoo1Now please answer me what you have covered 一些学生回答:Life insurance 接着我又问了一个问题;“Why did you cover life insurance?”一些学生回答:We can get compensation when we meet with risks 紧接着我又问了一个问题:Do you think it i
11、s neceary to cover the insurance in the international trade? 学生齐声回答:yes 因此,我就用下列话启发他们:In busine the goods of every transaction,from the seller to the buyer,usually cover a long wayDuring this,the goods perhaps meet with unexpected risksIn order to shift the risks and avoid the loes,the owner of the
12、goods always cover the insuranceToday we11 learn some knowledge about insuranceI hope you can master well. 有了以上导语,学生对课文产生了兴趣,急于想学习保险知识。为上好本节课打好了基础。 (四) 要灵活机动。课堂导语与教学内容一脉相承,丰富的教学内容决定了课堂导语的丰富性、多样性。这就需要灵活机动地设置导语。有的用于新学期之始,借导语使学生对要学的内容有个整体认识;有的用于篇章之间,借导语承上启下,加强了教学的连贯性;有的用于讲课开始有的用于授课结束等等。总之,要根据学习内容灵活机动地设
13、置导语不能流于形式。 例如,新生入学第一节课,我设计了如下导语: This is the first time you have attended English cla in our specialized sch001Maybe you are wondering about:Is English taught in the same way as in the middle school? Is English very important to us? How can we study it well to meet the requirements? Now I must tell
14、you that English is the most important subject to us,for you are students of Foreign Trade MajorSo every one of you must study hard to master as much knowledge as you can,so that you can do well after finishing sch001Here I also tell you that English is not taught in the same way as well as English
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