_先学后教_当堂训练_模式在小学数学课堂的实践与研究_孙永艳.docx
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1、 鲁东大学硕士学位论文 “ 先学后教,当堂训练 ” 模式 在小学数学课堂的实践与研宄 姓 名: 孙永艳 指导教师: 范永顺教授 专业领域 :学 科教学数学 二一四年十二月 A Thesis Submitted to Ludong University for the Degree of Master Practice and study of the “Teaching after Learning; In-class Exercises” Pattern in primary school mathematics classroom M. D. Candidate: SunYongYan S
2、upervisor: FanYongShun Major: Teaching of Mathematics December, 2014 摘 要 随着人类掌握知识的速度的剧增,有限的知识储备已经不能满足当代社会的要求。 因此, “ 终身学习 ” 的理念便应运而生。基础教育作为终身教育的一个组成部分,也在 发生着深刻的变化。 基础教育课程改革纲要指出:改变课程实施过于强调接受学习、死记硬背、机 械训练的现状,倡导学生主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动手,培养学生搜集和处理信息的 能力、获取新知识的能力、分析和解决问题的能力以及交流与合作的能力。因此,转变 学生的学和教师教的方式,是本次基础教育课程改革的
3、重点、难点、热点和亮点。 如何将课程改革的基本理念更好地贯穿到平日的教学工作中,结合洋思中学教改实 例、邱学华的尝试教学法和老师们的实践反思,在小学数学第二学段课堂教学中尝试进 行了 “ 先学后教, 当堂训练 ” 的研究。第一部分是问题的提出及国内外研究现状; 第二 部分是 “ 先学后教, 当堂训练 ” 模式建立的理论依据,从哲学和心理学、建构主义学习 理论、新课程标准以及 “ 先学后教, 当堂训练 ” 模式实行的可行性和必要性四个方面来 进行阐述; 第三部分是 “ 先学后教, 当堂训练 ” 模式特征及遵循原则,特征是从时间分 配、课堂操作程序具体要求两方面进行阐述。第四部分是 “ 先学后教,
4、 当堂训练 ” 模式 实践过程, 由实践方法、导学稿的设计策略、实践案例三方面组成;第五部分是反思部 分。 本课题研究坚持学生为本,采取了四种教学策略: 养成预习习惯(课前导学案或 课堂上的自学指导) 指导学习方法 管理学习过程 挖掘非智力因素,来激发学生们 的学习热情,鼓舞他们的学习干劲,培养自主学习能力,让学生自己成为学习的主人。 进过近一年的教学实践,通过老师访谈、学生问卷调查、成绩对比,得出 “ 先学后教, 当堂训练 ” 适应学生的脑科学发展规律,有助于学生养成科学的学习方法,挖掘他们的 学习潜力,从而有助于他们的长远发展。 关键 词:小学 数学,课堂教学,先学后教,自主学习,当堂训练
5、 Abstract With human being5 s knowledge acquisition picking up speed, a limited knowledge reserve can by no means satisfy the needs of contemporary society. As a result, the notion of “life-long learning” has emerged. As a part of life-long learning, basic education is also undergoing fundamental ch
6、anges. It has been pointed out by the Guideline of Basic Education Reform” that the status quo must be altered which features too much emphasis on students, forced acceptance, mechanical recitation and practice. The students are expected to be active in participating, ready in researching and quick
7、in practicing. Teachers are expected to develop the students ability to collect and process information, to obtain new knowledge, analyze and solve problems, as well as to communicate and cooperate with others. Therefore, though hard, it is crucial and cutting-edge for the reform of basic education
8、to alter the way students learn and teachers teach. In order to implement the basic guidelines of teaching reform in teaching practice, the author carried out research of Teaching after Learning, In-class Exercises” pattern in her teaching of the second phase primary school math. This thesis consist
9、s of the following chapters: Chapter One is the research background and its status quo; Chapter Two is the theoretical basis of this pattern, stated from the four aspects: philosophy, psychology and constructivist learning theory; Chapter Three talks about the characteristics of the pattern and its
10、principles, The characteristics are elaborated in two aspects: time allocation and concrete requests in class operation; Chapter Four discusses the practice process of the pattern, consisting of the three parts of practice methods, designing strategy of pre-study-introduction and actual practice cas
11、es; and the last chapter is a reflection over the teaching pattern. This research program follows a student-oriented principle and adopts the following four strategies: l).To develop a habit of preparation (through pre-study-introduction, or self-teaching guidance during class); 2). Direction in stu
12、dy methods; 3) Managing the study process; and 4). Tapping non-intellectual elements to generate students passion and motivate them in self-teaching, to make them masters of their own study. Viewed through the implementation of this pattern for nearly one year, and interviews with teachers and quest
13、ionnaires with students as well as comparison of students scores, the teaching pattern of Teaching after Learning, In-class Exercises , can be concluded as a scientific teaching pattern in accordance with students5 intellectual conditions. It is helpful for the students to develop scientific studyin
14、g methods, tap their potentials, so as to aim for a long-term development. Key Words: Primary school math; class teaching; Teaching after Learning; autonomous study; In-class Exercises in 目 录 矛商 M . i Abstract . ii g . IV 第一章问题的提出 . 1 1.1 课题的含义 . 1 1. 2 国内外相关的教学模式研究综述 . 2 1. 2. 1 国外研究现状 . 2 1. 2. 2
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