高考外研版英语一轮学案选修8Module5TheConquestoftheUniverseWord版含答案.docx

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1、Module 5 The Conquest of the Universe一、背单词与词块（一）背阅读单词会认就行（背诵时遮住右侧汉语，先自主翻译，后比对词义）1. leap h. & r. 飞跃，跳跃2. random adj.任意的；随机的3. tension n.紧张关系4. autonomous adj.自治的；有自治权的5. authority n.权力；权威6. swear v.起誓保证7. latter 71.（刚提及的两个人或物之中的）后一个，第二个8. . abstract adj. 抽象的（二）背重点单词写对才行1. accustomedrfA 习惯的2. tuner.收看

2、（电视）；收听（广播）3. witness。.目击，亲眼看见；亲身经历4. burst。.爆炸5. view。.看，观察6. decade/i.十年7. acknowledger, 承认；认为8. deedw.行为9. defeat”.失败10. accuser, 指责11. sorrow% 悲伤；悲痛12. grasp/i, 控制13. foreseen,预知；预见14. aid 帮助15. impact”.影响，作用（三）背拓展单词用准才行1. history n.历史f historica，历史性的,有重大历史意义的f historicakzdM有关）历 史的f historian”.历

3、史学家2. assume v.假定，假设f assumption”.假定，假设3. patient 耐心的 n.病人f patience.耐心f patientlyad。耐心地4. advance n.进步；进展f advancedadj.高级的，先进的gravity, and they think they, re dose to a solution （解决方案）.“We don t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers, “ says Florence Gold, a proje

4、ct manager.3 aThere are no tests, Gordon says. aThere is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other than Are you working towards your goal? Basically, its I ve got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA. Engineers come and really do an in-person revie

5、w, and it s not a very nice thing at times. It s a hard business review of your product.”4Gordon says the HUNCH program hasan impact （影响）on college admissions and practical life skills. wThese kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I don t teach. And that annoying bacteria? GflO

6、lQJOLSa叫加往戌1咖映怎此利岫 NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.析微点厚积语言基础构词法根据词根和词缀猜词义：control n. & v.控制；限制；掌管un-+control+-able-uncontrollable。4.不 可控制的uncontrollably ado.不可控制地微技法根据因果关系解题：由并列连词so可知，前后两句为因果关系，由so后的句子astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week”可

7、得出第 32 题答案。构词法根据词根猜测词义grade n.年级；等级；级别v.分级；给评分graded adj.（按难度、大小等）分级的；评分的微积累加+ .构成形容词in-person adj. 亲自的inhuman adj.无同情心的；冷酷无情的indoor adj.（在）室内的independent adj. 独立的微点拨形容词用作动词：ready.准备好的；可利用的做好的准备；为做好准备通句式句子（1）中“his students .the problem”为宾语从句；readying为现在分词作状语。理脉络内化读文规律 解析真题一感悟素养立意考什么怎么考真题再做32. What d

8、o we know about the bacteria in the International Space Station?A. They are hard to get rid of.B. They lead to air pollution.C. They appear in different forms.D. They damage the instruments.解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句The microorganisms （微生物）from our bodies grow uncontrollably .astronauts spend hours cleani

9、ng them up each week. 可知，国 际空间站的细菌很难被清除掉。故选A。33. What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A. To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B. To sharpen studentscommunication skills.C. To allow students to experience zero gravity.D. To link space technology with school education.解析：选D 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句HU

10、NCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers.”可知，HUNCH项目的目的是把太空技术和学校教 育结合起来。34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A. Check their product.B. Guide project designs.C. Adjust work schedules.D. Grade their homework.解析：选A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的a Engineers come

11、and really do an in-person review It s a hard business review of your product.w 可知，NASA 的工程师们会检查学 生们的制作的产品。35. What is the best title for the text?A. NASA: The Home of AstronautsB. Space: The Final Homework FrontierC. Nature: An Outdoor ClassroomD. HUNCH: A College Admission Reform解析：选B 标题归纳题。本文讲述的是

12、美国一所中学与NASA合作的联合科研项目， 让学生完成与太空技术有关的任务。B项与此内容密切相关，故选B。为什么考有何价值导向解读一、发展思维品质文中第35题主要考查学生的概括性思维。作者介绍了美国航空航天局的一个项目：把 高中的教室教学与太空的研究联系起来，使学生们得到NASA工程师们的指导。所以，文 章的主旨应包含太空和教学这两个方面。B项意为“太空：期末作业的前沿领域，故选Bo 一些考生由于缺乏概括性思维，凭断章取义的思维而往往错选A、C或D三项。因为这三 项各自包含了文中的一个方面，内容不全面，所以，考生要注意概括性思维品质的锻炼。二 聚焦核心价值本文介绍了美国一所中学与NASA合作的

13、联合科研项目，解决国际空间站的细菌问题。 文章对于启发和培养学生良好的思维品质有积极的引导作用。让学生关注人类太空探索的 进程和科学技术，不仅是为了开阔学生的视野，增长见识，积累相关的语言，更重要的是 让学生感受和体会科学家以及宇航员们为航空航天事业的发展不断努力、勇于开拓的精神。 宣扬这种精神，也是为了激励青少年勤奋学习、刻苦钻研、不畏挫折，努力探索自己的发 展道路，立下远大志向，为国家科技事业的发展奉献自己的智慧和力量。借力真题发掘学习能力I .单句语法填空1. Her most annoying (annoy) habit was speaking with her mouth full

14、.2. There is no easy solution (solve) to this problem.3. Eggs are graded (grade) from small to extra large.4. There have been some problems but basically (basic) it s a good system.5. From a practical (practice) point of view, it isn t a good place to live in.n.补全句子1. He wasannoyedat/about (因而生气)giv

15、ing in so easily.2. What parents do and say will haveaqreatimpacten (有很大的影响)their children.3. Mr Smith asked whether I wasreadyfor (为做准备)the coming exam.m.分析长难句It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at FairportHigh Sc

16、hool in Fairport, New York.句式解构本句是一个含有定语从句的主从复合句。主句是It is depending on classrooms”。其中like是介词,后面接宾语the one,在the one后是一个省略了关系代词 that的定语从句。4. 意翻译1这个问题取决于美国国家航空航天局的HUNCH中学课堂项目，就像位于纽 约费尔波特的费尔波特中学的理科老师GeneGordon和DonnaHimmelberg领导的项目一 样。W.主题语境写作假定你是李华，对探月感兴趣，请写一篇英语短文，设想如何在假期到月球旅行。内 容包括：1 .去月球旅行的问题：如何吃饭、喝水；

17、2 .月球现状：月球没有重力，食物会飘移；3 .解决办法：食物放在试管中，吸食；4 .去月球旅行的期望。注意：1.词数100左右；5 .可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考范文：If I visited the moon, there would be a problem I might be faced with: how to eat and drink.The gravity of the moon is so weak that the food will float around. I would have to take all my food with me. So it cou

18、ld be put in a tube and then I would be able to suck it more easily. Perhaps I would use a straw to do it It can prevent the food from floating away.Only in this way can the problem be solved. I will have a try in time.课下主题训练地球与宇宙奥秘探索I .阅读理解China has become the first country to successfully land a s

19、pacecraft on the far side of the moon. The unmanned Chang e-4 probe （探测器）has also made the first lunar landing since 2019. It has the task of exploring the side of the moon that never faces the earth. The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side. It takes the mo

20、on as long to go around on its own axis （轴）as it does for one complete orbit around the Earth.The Chinese probe landed in a huge crater 2,500km in diameter and 13km deep. The crater is one of the oldest parts of the moon and our solar system.Scientists hope to learn more about the geology of the far

21、 side of the moon. The craft has two cameras on board which will send images back to earth. It will also attempt to send signals to distant regions of space, something that cannot happen on earth because of too much radio noise.Chang e-4 also has instruments on board to examine minerals as well as a

22、 container with seeds which will try to create a miniature （微型的）biosphere （生物圈）.Communication with the spacecraft is not easy. Images and other data must be transmitted to a separate satellite because no direct communication with the earth is possible.For China the Chang, e-4 mission is an important

23、 achievement, because the country hassuccessfully done something no other nation on earth has. It wants to become a leading power in space exploration and has announced plans to send astronauts to the moon and set up its own space station.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。中国已成为第一个在月球远端成功着陆航天器的国家。 中国宣布计划将宇航员送上月球并建立自己的空间

24、站。1. Where did the Chang e-4 probe land?A. On the lunar side facing the earth.B. On the invisible side of the moon.C. In a younger crater on the moon.D. In a previous space station.解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句和第三句可知，嫦娥四号探测器也 于2019年首次登月。它的任务是探索月球永不面对地球的一面。“the side of the moon that never faces the earth”即是

25、“the invisible side of the moon”。月球永不面对地球的一面即是在 月球看不见的一面。故选B。2. Why is the craft equipped with a container?A. To see what seeds can come out on the moon.B. To collect some important matter on the moon.C. To find whether the seeds can grow on the moon.D. To check whether some minerals exist on the mo

26、on.解析：选C 推理判断题。根据第四段可知，嫦娥四号上还装有矿物检测仪器，以及 一个装有种子的容器，试图用这些种子来创造一个微型生物圈。由此可知，用容器的种子 来看看是否能在月球上生长。故选C。3. What can we learn from the text?A. The dark side of the moon is as cold as the other side.B. The bright side is younger and thinner than the other side.C. Other places in space may hardly receive sig

27、nals from the craft.D. The two cameras on the craft can send pictures to the earth easily.解析：选B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side.”可知，月球的暗面比能看到的（即亮的）那一面古老、 表面要厚些。也就是说亮的那一面比另一面（暗的一面）要年轻些，要薄一些。故选B。4. According to the text, what will China d

28、o in the future?A. China will land manned space craft on the moon.B. China will build another space station on the moon.C. China will launch more space probes to the moon.D. China will become the first country in exploring space.解析：选A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，中国已宣布有计划将宇航员 送上月球并建立自己的空间站。由此可推断出中国将会让载人航天飞机登上

29、月球。故选A。n.完形填空Always wished the Earth had a second moon? Then you will belto hear that the Chengdu Aerospace Science Institute has plans to launch multiple mini moons over the next few years.Similar to our2satellite, the light of the artificial orb (球体)will be obtained from the sun and3to Earth by it

30、s mirror-like coating. According to its designers, the4of light being reflected can be controlled from Earth and the light can even be5, if necessary.While the multiple mini moons will certainly appear picturesque, their main purpose is to conserve6. The Chengdu Aerospace experts claim the mini moon

31、 s dusk-like glow will allow the government to eventually7costly streetlights in cities. They estimate that using the artificial satellite to light up Chengdu s streets at night wilI8the city 1.2 billion yuan annually. Since the orb s location can be9moved, it could also be used to shine light over

32、disaster-struck areas that have lostlO.Once the first mini moon isllsuccessfully, the experts plan to launch three 12ones, Together, the satellites, which will take turns depending on their13 in relation to the sun, are expected tol4an area of 3,600 to 6,400 square kilometers. While the orbs will be

33、l5through a telescope from anywhere on the globe, their real beauty will only be seen by visiting Chengdu. Officials, 16, believe they will be a huge tourist attraction, helping improve the city, sl7.As is often the case with majorl8, some experts are concerned. Theyl9that the moons will have an imp

34、act on the sleep patterns of humans and animals. However, officials believe the satellites will cause little, if any, 20.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。成都航天科技学院计划在未来几年发射“人造月亮”卫星， “人造月亮”的表面有一层涂层，可以用来反射太阳光，储存能源。1. A.pleasedB. surprisedC. alarmed D. relieved解析：选A 因为前面一句提到，总是希望地球再由一个月球吗？所以此处指听到在 以后几年里成都航天科技学院打算发射多个人造迷你月

35、亮你会感到高兴(pleased)。2. A.traditional B. uniqueC. natural D. famous解析：选C 此处指类似我们天然的(natural)卫星，这些人造月亮从太阳那儿得到光。3. A.carried B. reflectedC. introduced D. transformed解析：选B 人造月亮的光通过像镜子一样的涂层反射(reflect)到地球。4. A.colour B. speedC. source D. amount解析：选D 根据语境可知，能从地球上控制被反射的光的数量(amount)。5. A.sent out B. switched of

36、fC. given away D. turned down解析：选B 如果不要，能关闭这些光。send out发出”；switch off 关闭；give away 赠送，泄露（秘密）” ；turndown 拒绝。6. A.resources B animalsC. farmland D. space解析：选A 虽然多个迷你月球看起来美丽如画，但它们的主要目的是储存能源 (resource) o7. A.rebuild B. expandC. improve D. remove解析：选D 成都航天科技学院声称人造月亮发出的像黄昏时的光使政府最终除去(remove)城市里昂贵的路灯。8. A.b

37、ring B. leaveC. save D. cost解析：选C 他们估计用人造卫星为成都夜晚的街道提供照射，每年可节约电费开支 约12亿元。9. A.hardly B. easilyC. frequently D. normally解析：选B因为这种球体的位置很容易(easily)移动，所以能用它照亮一些遭受灾难 袭击的地区。10. A.money B. homeC. contact D power解析：选D 既然用它照亮一些遭受灾难袭击的地区，这说明受灾地区没有了电力。lose power表示“没有电力”。11. A.travelling B. appearingC. working D

38、. signaling解析：选C 一旦第一颗人造月亮成功运转，专家计划发射另外的三颗。work在此处 表示“运转”。12. A.additional B. specialC. bright D. colourful解析：选A 此处表示另外的三颗。additional是形容词，表示“另外的”，此处可以 换成moreo13. A.size B. importanceC. position D. function解析：选C 根据它们相对于太阳的位置(position),人造月亮轮流运转。14. A.pick up B. take upC. hold up D. light up解析：选D 预期这些人

39、造月亮能照亮3 600至寸6 400平方千米的面积。pick up “拾 起，收听(节目)，用车接(人)，留宿”；takeup “从事，占据”；holdup “举起，耽搁”； light up “照亮 o15. A.reliable B. visibleC. available D. testable解析：选B 虽然从地球上任何地方都能通过望远镜看到这些球体，但是只有在参观 成都时可以看到它们真正的美。visible是形容词，表示“能看见的”。16. A.therefore B. howeverC. otherwise D. moreover解析：选A 因为只有在参观成都时可以看到它们真正的美

40、，因此(therefore), 一些官 员认为这会吸引很多游客，从而帮助提高这个城市的经济。17. A.population B. educationC. technology D. economy解析：选D 有很多游客来到成都，所以会提高这个城市的经济(economy)。18. A.drawback B. breakthroughsC. evolution D. conflict解析：选B 尽管有一些重大的突破(breakthrough),但专家还是担心。19. A.doubt B. concludeC. worry D. agree解析：选C 他们担心(woiry)这些人造月亮会影响人类和

41、动物的睡眠模式。20. A.disturbance B. destructionC. satisfaction D. discussion解析：选A 然而官员们认为，如果有的话，也只是造成很少的干扰。disturbance ”扰 乱，忧虑，不安”；destruction “破坏；satisfaction 满意；discussion “讨论”。III .语法填空The journey to the moon had been the first step towards future 1 (explore) in space. The distance between the Moon and

42、Earth is very short indeed when 2 (compare) with the distances between Earth and the other planets. Mars, the 3 (near) planet to Earth is millions of miles away! Travelling to the planets will be man s next aim. Such travels will be more challenging than the trip 4the moon and certainly more adventu

43、rous.5 (recent), two American spaceships. Vikings 1 and 2, landed on Mars trying to discover 6that planet has any life on it. So far the signs of life on Mars has neither been confirmed nor ruled out. Russians 7 (discover) that the surface of Venus (金星)is so hot that it is almost certain that there

44、is no life there. Also 8 atmosphere of Venus is extremely dense (稠密的) and the pressure is nearly a hundred times greater than that of the Earth s atmosphere.9 (science) believe man may find planets which have the same conditions as those we have on Earth, but man should realize Earth will be his onl

45、y home for a long time and begin 10 (love) and care for it.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了人类对地球以外的星球的探索。1. exploration 考查名词。根据空前面的future可知此处需要名词。2. compared 考查非谓语动词。compared with表示“和相比”。3. nearest考查比较级。此处指距离地球最近的星球，所以用最高级。4. to 考查介词。“atripto+地方”表示“去某地的旅行”。5. Recently 考查副词。此处需要副词作时间状语。6. whether/if考查连接词。此处指考查这个星球上是否有生命

46、。7. have discovered 考查动词的时态。后面的宾语从句用一般现在时，前面一句用现 在完成时，所以此处应用现在完成时，表示外国人已经发现。8. the考查冠词。定冠词the表示“特指”，此处特指金星上面的大气。9. Scientists考查名词复数。此处指科学家们相信。10. to love 考查非谓语动词。begin to love and care for it“开始热爱并且爱护地 球”。5. depend v.依靠；取决于f dependent。依依赖的f dependence.依赖，依靠 f independences. 独立； 自立relief n.安慰；宽慰f rel

47、ieve。.安慰；宽慰6. sympathy n.同情；同情心f sympatheticadj.同情的:有同情心的7. commit v.保证；承诺，忠于；投入；做出(错事)；犯(罪)-commitment.忠诚； 奉献consist v.构成； 一致f consistentadj一致的:吻合的8. devote v.致力于f devotion.忠诚f devotedadj.忠诚的stable ah稳定的；安定的f stablyado.稳定地:安定地f stability”.稳定；安定9. consult v.咨询；请教f consultant”.顾问10. argue v.争论f argum

48、ent人 争论f arguableadj.可辩论的,可论证的f arguablyadv. 有争议地语境活用1. This American student studied modern Chinese history at college and found October 1, 1949 was a historic day. Then he discussed it with a historian in his college and learned a lot. (history)2. Not only was the doctor patient with everyone present but also th